Abstract
Chroogomphus himalayanus sp. nov. is described from the subalpine Himalaya region of India. It is presented herein with morphological descriptions, illustrations and nrITS-based phylogenetic inferences as well as comparisons with similar species.
References
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Edler, D., Klein, J., Antonelli, A. & Silvestro, D. (2021) raxmlGUI 2.0: a graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12: 373–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13512
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Griffith, W. (1854) Notulae ad Plantas Asiaticas. Part 4. Posthumous papers arranged by John M’Clelland. Calcutta, pp. 19.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Imai, S. (1938) Studies on the Agaricaceae of Hokkaido. II. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University 43: 179–378.
Jülich, W. (1982) Higher taxa of Basidiomycetes. Bibliotheca Mycologica 85: 1–485.
Kiran, M., Sattar, A., Zamir, K., Haelewaters, D. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Additions to the genus Chroogomphus (Boletales, Gomphidiaceae) from Pakistan. MycoKeys 66: 23–38.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minte, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008) Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi, 10<sup>th</sup> edn. CABI, UK, 771 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998268.0000
Knudsen, H. & Taylor, A. (2012) Chroogomphus. In: Knudsen, H. & Vesterholt, J. (Eds.) Funga Nordica, 2<sup>nd</sup> revised edition. Agaricoid, Boletoid, Clavarioid, Cyphelloid and Gastroid Genera. Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordsvamp Press, 198 pp.
Kõljalg, U., Nilsson, R.H., Abarenkov, K., Tedersoo, L., Taylor, A.F.S., Bahram, M., Bates, S.T., Bruns, T.D., Bengtsson-Palme, J., Callaghan, T.M., Douglas, B., Drenkhan, T., Eberhardt, U., Duenas, M., Grebenc, T., Griffith, G.W., Hartmann, M., Kirk, P.M., Kohout, P., Larsson, E., Lindahl, B.D., Lucking, R., Martin, M.P., Matheny, P.B., Nguyen, N.H., Niskanen, T., Oja, J., Peay, K.G., Peintner, U., Peterson, M., Poldmaa, K., Saag, L., Saar, I., Schu?ler, A., Scott, J.A., Sené, C., Smith, M.E., Suija, A., Taylor, D.L., Telleria, M.T., Wei?, M. & Larsson, K.H. (2013) Towards a unified paradigm for sequence-based identification of Fungi. Molecular ecology 22: 5271–5277. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12481
Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen handbook of colour, 3<sup>rd</sup> edn. Methuen, London, 252 pp.
Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2016) PartitionFinder 2: New Methods for Selecting Partitioned Models of Evolution for Molecular and Morphological Phylogenetic Analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 (3): 772– 773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260
Larkin, M.A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N.P., Chenna, R., Mcgettigan, P.A., Mcwilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I.M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J. & Higgins, D.G. (2007) Clustal W And Clustal X Version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947–2948. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404
Li, Y.C., Yang, Z.L. & Tolgor, B. (2009) Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of Chroogomphus species as inferred from molecular and morphological data. Fungal Diversity 38: 85–104.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, vols. 1–2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Maire, R. (1933) Fungi Catalaunici. Contributions à l’étude de la Flore Mycologique de la Catalogne. Mus. Barcin. Scient. nat. Op. (bot.2) 15: 1–120.
Martín, M.P., Siquier, J.L., Salom, J.C., Telleria, M.T. & Finschow, G. (2016) Barcoding sequences clearly separate Chroogomphus mediterraneus (Gomphidiaceae, Boletales) from C. rutilus, and allied species. Mycoscience 57 (6): 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.06.004
Miller, O.K. (1964) Monograph of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae). Mycologia 56: 526–549. https://doi.org/10.2307/3756358
Miller, O.K. (1973) A new gastroid genus related to Gomphidius. Mycologia 65: 226–229.
Miller, O.K. (2003) The Gomphidiaceae revisited: a worldwide perspective. Mycologia 95 (1): 176–183. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761977
Miller, O.K. & Aime, M.C. (2001) Systematics, ecology and world distribution in the genus Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae). In: Misra, J.K. & Horn, B.W. (Ed.) Trichomycetes and other Fungal Groups. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers, pp. 314–333.
Miller, O.K. Jr. & Miller, H.H. (2006) North American mushrooms. Falcon Guides, Globe Prequot Press, Guilford, CT 06437, USA.
Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, abridged 4<sup>th</sup> edition. V.1. pp. 11.
Murrill, W.A. (1912) The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast III. Mycologia 4: 294–308.
Noordeloos, M.E. (2018) Gomphidiaceae. In: Noordeloos, M.E., Kuyper, T.W., Somhorst, I. & Vellinga, E.C. (Eds.) Flora Agaricina Neerlandica volume 7. Candusso Editrice, Origgio (VA), pp. 201–207.
Qi, L., Fu, Y., Lang, N., Bai, X. & Li, Y. (2017) A new species of Gomphidius from Northeast China. Phytotaxa 316 (2): 181–188. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.2.7
Razaq, A., Ilyas, S. & Khalid, A.N. (2016) Molecular identification of Chinese Chroogomphus roseolus from Pakistani forests, a mycorrhizal fungus, using ITS-rDNA marker. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 53: 393–398.
Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Drummond, A.J. (2014) Tracer version 1.6. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/tracer (accessed 13 December 2021)
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna S, Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Rudolphi, F. (1830) Systema orbis vegetabilis. Lundae: Typographia Academica. pp. 35.
Sargent, C.S. (1897) The Silva of North America: a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico. Vol. 11. Boston and New York.
Scambler, R., Niskanen, T., Assyov, B., Ainsworth, A.M., Bellanger, J-M., Loizides, M., Moreau, P.-A., Kirk, P.M. and Liimatainen, K. (2018) Diversity of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae, Boletales) in Europe, and typification of C. rutilus. IMA Fungus 9 (2): 271–290. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.02.04
Schaeffer, J.C. (1774) Fungorum qui. Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur Icones 4: 1–136.
Singer, R. (1938) Sur les genres Ixocomus, Boetinus, Phylloporus, Gyrodon et Gomphidius. Revue de Mycologie 3: 35–53, 157–177.
Singer, R. (1942) Das System der Agaricales. II. Annales Mycologici 40: 1–132.
Singer, R. (1948) New and interesting species of Basidiomycetes. II. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Sciences 32: 103–150.
Talavera, G. & Castresana, J. (2007) Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. Systematic Biology 56: 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701472164
Thiers, B. (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg. org/science/ih/ (accessed 13 December 2021)
Thulasinathan, B., Kulanthaisamy, M.R., Nagarajan, A., Soorangkattan, S., Muthuramalingam, J.B., Jeyaraman, J. & Arun, A. (2018) Studies on the diversity of macrofungus in Kodaikanal region of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Biodiversitas 19 (6): 2283–2293.
Watling, R. (2004) New combinations in Boletaceae and Gomphidiaceae (Boletales). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 61: 41–47.
Watling, R. & Abraham, S.P. (1992) Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Kashmir forests. Mycorrhiza 2: 81–87.
Watling, R., Hills, A.E. (2005) Boletes and their allies – Boletaceae, Strobilomycetaceae, Gyroporaceae, Paxillaceae, Coniophoraceae, Gomphidiaceae (revised and enlarged edition). In: Henderson, D.M. & Watling, R. (Eds.) British Fungus Flora, Agarics and Boleti, vol. 1. HMSO, Edinburgh. 174 pp.
Das, K., Chakraborty, D. & Vizzini, A. (2017) Morphological and phylogenetic evidences unveil a novel species of Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales) from Indian Himalaya. Nordic Journal of Botany 35: 669–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01628
Edler, D., Klein, J., Antonelli, A. & Silvestro, D. (2021) raxmlGUI 2.0: a graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12: 373–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13512
Fries, E. (1836) Corpus Florarum provincialium suecicae I. Floram Scanicam. pp. 1–349
Gilbert, E.J. (1931) Les Livres du Mycologue Tome I–IV, Tom. III: Les Bolets. pp. 1–254.
Griffith, W. (1854) Notulae ad Plantas Asiaticas. Part 4. Posthumous papers arranged by John M’Clelland. Calcutta, pp. 19.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Imai, S. (1938) Studies on the Agaricaceae of Hokkaido. II. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University 43: 179–378.
Jülich, W. (1982) Higher taxa of Basidiomycetes. Bibliotheca Mycologica 85: 1–485.
Kiran, M., Sattar, A., Zamir, K., Haelewaters, D. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Additions to the genus Chroogomphus (Boletales, Gomphidiaceae) from Pakistan. MycoKeys 66: 23–38.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minte, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008) Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi, 10<sup>th</sup> edn. CABI, UK, 771 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998268.0000
Knudsen, H. & Taylor, A. (2012) Chroogomphus. In: Knudsen, H. & Vesterholt, J. (Eds.) Funga Nordica, 2<sup>nd</sup> revised edition. Agaricoid, Boletoid, Clavarioid, Cyphelloid and Gastroid Genera. Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordsvamp Press, 198 pp.
Kõljalg, U., Nilsson, R.H., Abarenkov, K., Tedersoo, L., Taylor, A.F.S., Bahram, M., Bates, S.T., Bruns, T.D., Bengtsson-Palme, J., Callaghan, T.M., Douglas, B., Drenkhan, T., Eberhardt, U., Duenas, M., Grebenc, T., Griffith, G.W., Hartmann, M., Kirk, P.M., Kohout, P., Larsson, E., Lindahl, B.D., Lucking, R., Martin, M.P., Matheny, P.B., Nguyen, N.H., Niskanen, T., Oja, J., Peay, K.G., Peintner, U., Peterson, M., Poldmaa, K., Saag, L., Saar, I., Schu?ler, A., Scott, J.A., Sené, C., Smith, M.E., Suija, A., Taylor, D.L., Telleria, M.T., Wei?, M. & Larsson, K.H. (2013) Towards a unified paradigm for sequence-based identification of Fungi. Molecular ecology 22: 5271–5277. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12481
Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen handbook of colour, 3<sup>rd</sup> edn. Methuen, London, 252 pp.
Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2016) PartitionFinder 2: New Methods for Selecting Partitioned Models of Evolution for Molecular and Morphological Phylogenetic Analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 (3): 772– 773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260
Larkin, M.A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N.P., Chenna, R., Mcgettigan, P.A., Mcwilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I.M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J. & Higgins, D.G. (2007) Clustal W And Clustal X Version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947–2948. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404
Li, Y.C., Yang, Z.L. & Tolgor, B. (2009) Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of Chroogomphus species as inferred from molecular and morphological data. Fungal Diversity 38: 85–104.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, vols. 1–2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Maire, R. (1933) Fungi Catalaunici. Contributions à l’étude de la Flore Mycologique de la Catalogne. Mus. Barcin. Scient. nat. Op. (bot.2) 15: 1–120.
Martín, M.P., Siquier, J.L., Salom, J.C., Telleria, M.T. & Finschow, G. (2016) Barcoding sequences clearly separate Chroogomphus mediterraneus (Gomphidiaceae, Boletales) from C. rutilus, and allied species. Mycoscience 57 (6): 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.06.004
Miller, O.K. (1964) Monograph of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae). Mycologia 56: 526–549. https://doi.org/10.2307/3756358
Miller, O.K. (1973) A new gastroid genus related to Gomphidius. Mycologia 65: 226–229.
Miller, O.K. (2003) The Gomphidiaceae revisited: a worldwide perspective. Mycologia 95 (1): 176–183. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761977
Miller, O.K. & Aime, M.C. (2001) Systematics, ecology and world distribution in the genus Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae). In: Misra, J.K. & Horn, B.W. (Ed.) Trichomycetes and other Fungal Groups. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers, pp. 314–333.
Miller, O.K. Jr. & Miller, H.H. (2006) North American mushrooms. Falcon Guides, Globe Prequot Press, Guilford, CT 06437, USA.
Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, abridged 4<sup>th</sup> edition. V.1. pp. 11.
Murrill, W.A. (1912) The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast III. Mycologia 4: 294–308.
Noordeloos, M.E. (2018) Gomphidiaceae. In: Noordeloos, M.E., Kuyper, T.W., Somhorst, I. & Vellinga, E.C. (Eds.) Flora Agaricina Neerlandica volume 7. Candusso Editrice, Origgio (VA), pp. 201–207.
Qi, L., Fu, Y., Lang, N., Bai, X. & Li, Y. (2017) A new species of Gomphidius from Northeast China. Phytotaxa 316 (2): 181–188. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.2.7
Razaq, A., Ilyas, S. & Khalid, A.N. (2016) Molecular identification of Chinese Chroogomphus roseolus from Pakistani forests, a mycorrhizal fungus, using ITS-rDNA marker. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 53: 393–398.
Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Drummond, A.J. (2014) Tracer version 1.6. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/tracer (accessed 13 December 2021)
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna S, Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Rudolphi, F. (1830) Systema orbis vegetabilis. Lundae: Typographia Academica. pp. 35.
Sargent, C.S. (1897) The Silva of North America: a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico. Vol. 11. Boston and New York.
Scambler, R., Niskanen, T., Assyov, B., Ainsworth, A.M., Bellanger, J-M., Loizides, M., Moreau, P.-A., Kirk, P.M. and Liimatainen, K. (2018) Diversity of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae, Boletales) in Europe, and typification of C. rutilus. IMA Fungus 9 (2): 271–290. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.02.04
Schaeffer, J.C. (1774) Fungorum qui. Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur Icones 4: 1–136.
Singer, R. (1938) Sur les genres Ixocomus, Boetinus, Phylloporus, Gyrodon et Gomphidius. Revue de Mycologie 3: 35–53, 157–177.
Singer, R. (1942) Das System der Agaricales. II. Annales Mycologici 40: 1–132.
Singer, R. (1948) New and interesting species of Basidiomycetes. II. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Sciences 32: 103–150.
Talavera, G. & Castresana, J. (2007) Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. Systematic Biology 56: 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701472164
Thiers, B. (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg. org/science/ih/ (accessed 13 December 2021)
Thulasinathan, B., Kulanthaisamy, M.R., Nagarajan, A., Soorangkattan, S., Muthuramalingam, J.B., Jeyaraman, J. & Arun, A. (2018) Studies on the diversity of macrofungus in Kodaikanal region of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Biodiversitas 19 (6): 2283–2293.
Watling, R. (2004) New combinations in Boletaceae and Gomphidiaceae (Boletales). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 61: 41–47.
Watling, R. & Abraham, S.P. (1992) Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Kashmir forests. Mycorrhiza 2: 81–87.
Watling, R., Hills, A.E. (2005) Boletes and their allies – Boletaceae, Strobilomycetaceae, Gyroporaceae, Paxillaceae, Coniophoraceae, Gomphidiaceae (revised and enlarged edition). In: Henderson, D.M. & Watling, R. (Eds.) British Fungus Flora, Agarics and Boleti, vol. 1. HMSO, Edinburgh. 174 pp.