Abstract
A new hyphomycetous species, Conlarium sichuanense was found on dead branches of Ficus virens (Moraceae) from a terrestrial habitat in Sichuan Province, China. The new species has sporodochial colonies on natural substate, with micronematous conidiophores and muriform, brown and subglobose to irregular-shaped conidia. The phylogenetic analysis based on combined LSU, ITS and SSU sequence data showed that Conlarium sichuanense clustered together with C. aquaticum and C. thailandense and presented as a distinct lineage. A detailed, illustrated description and comparison with related Conlarium species are provided.
References
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Liu, F., Hu, D.M. & Cai, L. (2012) Conlarium duplumascospora gen. et. sp. nov. and Jobellisia guangdongensis sp. nov. from freshwater habitats in China. Mycologia 104: 1178–1186. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-379
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Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
Phookamsak, R., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Raspé, O., Karunarathna, S.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Hongsanan, S., Doilom, M., Tennakoon, D.S., Machado, A.R., Firmino, A.L., Ghosh, A., Karunarathna, A., Meši?, A., Dutta, A.K., Thongbai, B., Devadatha, B., Norphanphoun, C., Senwanna, C., Wei, D., Pem, D., Ackah, F.K., Wang, G.N., Jiang, H.B., Madrid, H., Lee, H.B., Goonasekara, I.D., Manawasinghe, I.S., Kušan, I., Cano, J., Gené, J., Li, J., Das, K., Acharya, K., Raj, K.N.A., Latha, K.P.D., Chethana, K.W.T., He, M.Q., Dueñas, M., Jadan, M., Martín, M.P., Samarakoon, M.C., Dayarathne, M.C., Raza, M., Park, M.S., Telleria, M.T., Chaiwan, N., Mato?ec, N., de Silva, N.I., Pereira, O.L., Singh, P.N., Manimohan, P., Uniyal, P., Shang, Q.J., Bhatt, R.P., Perera, R.H., Alvarenga, R.L.M., Nogal-Prata, S., Singh, S.K., Vadthanarat, S., Oh, S.Y., Huang, S.K., Rana, S., Konta, S., Paloi, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Jeon, S.J., Mehmood, T., Gibertoni, T.B., Nguyen, T.T.T., Singh, U., Thiyagaraja, V., Sarma, V.V., Dong, W., Yu, X.D., Lu, Y.Z., Lim, Y.W., Chen, Y., Tkal?ec, Z., Zhang, Z.F., Luo, Z.L., Daranagama, D.A., Thambugala, K.M., Tibpromma, S., Camporesi, E., Bulgakov, T.S., Dissanayake, A.J., Senanayake, I.C., Dai, D.Q., Tang, L.Z., Khan, S., Zhang, H., Promputtha, I., Cai, L., Chomnunti, P., Zhao, R.L., Lumyong, S., Boonmee, S., Wen, T.C., Mortimer, P.E. & Xu, J. (2019) Fungal diversity notes 929–1035: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungi. Fungal Diversity 95: 1–273 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00421-w
Rambaut, A. (2006) FigTree. Tree figure drawing tool version 1.3.1. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh.
Ronquist, Fredrik, Teslenko, Maxim, Mark, V.D., Paul, Ayres, Daniel, L., Darling & Aaron. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Senanayake, I., Rathnayaka, A., Sandamali, D., Calabon, M. & Vedprakash, H.G. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11: 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20
Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2011) RaxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. Version 4.0b10. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champion, III.
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, G.M., Shinsky, D. & White, T. (eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic, New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Xie, L., Chen, Y.L., Long, Y.Y., Zhang, Y., Liao, S.T., Liu, B., Qin, L.P., Nong, Q. & Zhang, W.L. (2019) Three new species of Conlarium from sugarcane rhizosphere in southern China. MycoKeys 56: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.56.35857
Zhang, H., Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Hongsanan, S., Jayarama Bhat, D., Al-Sadi, A.M. & Zhang, D. (2017) Towards a natural classification of Annulatascaceae-like taxa: introducing Atractosporales ord. nov. and six new families. Fungal Diversity 85: 75–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0387-z
Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Doilom, M., Yu, X., Wang, G., Liu, N., Hu, D. & Nalumpang, S. (2021) Towards a natural classification of Annulatascaceae-like taxa ?: introducing five new genera and eighteen new species from freshwater. Mycosphere 12: 1–88. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/12/1/1
Dubey, R. & Manikpuri, S. (2021) Conlarium indicum: A novel fungus from Western Ghats of India. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology) 11: 112–118. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/9
Ferrer, A., Miller, A.N., Sarmiento, C. & Shearer, C.A. (2012) Three new genera representing novel lineages of Sordariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) from tropical freshwater habitats in Costa Rica. Mycologia 104: 865–879. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-111
Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17: 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
Hyde, K.D., Bao, D.F., Hongsanan, S., Chethana, K.W.T., Yang, J. & Suwannarach, N. (2021) Evolution of freshwater Diaporthomycetidae (Sordariomycetes) provides evidence for five new orders and six new families. Fungal Diversity 107: 71–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00469-7
Hyde, K.D., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Hongsanan, S., Samarakoon, M.C., Lücking, R., Pem, D., Harishchandra, D., Jeewon, R., Zhao, R.L. & Xu, J.C. (2017) The ranking of fungi: a tribute to David L. Hawksworth on his 70th birthday. Fungal Diversity 84: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0383-3
Hyde, K.D., Dong, Y., Phookamsak, R., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G., Liu, N.G., Abeywickrama, P.D., Mapook, A., Wei, D., Perera, R.H., Manawasinghe, I.S., Pem, D., Bundhun, D., Karunarathna, A., Ekanayaka, A.H., Bao, D.F., Li, J., Samarakoon, M.C., Chaiwan, N., Lin, C.G., Phutthacharoen, K., Zhang, S.N., Senanayake, I.C., Goonasekara, I.D., Thambugala, K.M., Phukhamsakda, C., Tennakoon, D.S., Jiang, H.B., Yang, J., Zeng, M., Huanraluek, N., Liu, J.K., Wijesinghe, S.N., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Brahmanage, R.S., Boonmee, S., Huang, S.K., Thiyagaraja, V., Lu, Y.Z., Jayawardena, R.S., Dong, W., Yang, E.F., Singh, S.K., Singh, S.M., Rana, S., Lad, S.S., Anand, G., Devadatha, B., Niranjan, M., Sarma, V.V., Liimatainen, K., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Niskanen, T., Overall, A., Alvarenga, R.L.M., Gibertoni, T.B., Pfliegler, W.P., Horváth, E., Imre, A., Alves, A.L., da Silva Santos, A.C., Tiago, P.V., Bulgakov, T.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Bahkali, A.H., Doilom, M., Elgorban, A.M., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Haelewaters, D., Mortimer, P.E., Zhao, Q., Lumyong, S., Xu, J. & Sheng, J. (2020) Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 100: 5–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00439-5
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) Katoh K, Standley DM.. MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Larsson & Anders. (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large datasets. Bioinformatics 30: 3276–3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
Liu, F., Hu, D.M. & Cai, L. (2012) Conlarium duplumascospora gen. et. sp. nov. and Jobellisia guangdongensis sp. nov. from freshwater habitats in China. Mycologia 104: 1178–1186. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-379
Liu, J.K., Chomnunti, P., Cei, L., Phookamsak, R. & Hyde, K.D. (2010) Phylogeny and morphology of Neodeightonia palmicola sp. nov. from palms. Sydowia 62: 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2010.07.001
Luo, Z.L., Hyde, K.D., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Jeewon, R., Bao, D.F., Bhat, D.J., Lin, C.G., Li, W.L., Yang, J., Liu, N.G., Lu, Y.Z., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, J.F. & Su, H.Y. (2019) Freshwater Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 99: 451–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00438-1
Maddison, W.P. & Maddison, D.R. (2014) Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 3.01. [http://mesquiteproject.org]
Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., McKenzie, E.H.C., Huang, S.K., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Daranagama, D.A., Dayarathne, M., D’souza, M.J. & Goonasekara, I.D. (2015) Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 72: 199–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0331-z
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
Phookamsak, R., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Raspé, O., Karunarathna, S.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Hongsanan, S., Doilom, M., Tennakoon, D.S., Machado, A.R., Firmino, A.L., Ghosh, A., Karunarathna, A., Meši?, A., Dutta, A.K., Thongbai, B., Devadatha, B., Norphanphoun, C., Senwanna, C., Wei, D., Pem, D., Ackah, F.K., Wang, G.N., Jiang, H.B., Madrid, H., Lee, H.B., Goonasekara, I.D., Manawasinghe, I.S., Kušan, I., Cano, J., Gené, J., Li, J., Das, K., Acharya, K., Raj, K.N.A., Latha, K.P.D., Chethana, K.W.T., He, M.Q., Dueñas, M., Jadan, M., Martín, M.P., Samarakoon, M.C., Dayarathne, M.C., Raza, M., Park, M.S., Telleria, M.T., Chaiwan, N., Mato?ec, N., de Silva, N.I., Pereira, O.L., Singh, P.N., Manimohan, P., Uniyal, P., Shang, Q.J., Bhatt, R.P., Perera, R.H., Alvarenga, R.L.M., Nogal-Prata, S., Singh, S.K., Vadthanarat, S., Oh, S.Y., Huang, S.K., Rana, S., Konta, S., Paloi, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Jeon, S.J., Mehmood, T., Gibertoni, T.B., Nguyen, T.T.T., Singh, U., Thiyagaraja, V., Sarma, V.V., Dong, W., Yu, X.D., Lu, Y.Z., Lim, Y.W., Chen, Y., Tkal?ec, Z., Zhang, Z.F., Luo, Z.L., Daranagama, D.A., Thambugala, K.M., Tibpromma, S., Camporesi, E., Bulgakov, T.S., Dissanayake, A.J., Senanayake, I.C., Dai, D.Q., Tang, L.Z., Khan, S., Zhang, H., Promputtha, I., Cai, L., Chomnunti, P., Zhao, R.L., Lumyong, S., Boonmee, S., Wen, T.C., Mortimer, P.E. & Xu, J. (2019) Fungal diversity notes 929–1035: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungi. Fungal Diversity 95: 1–273 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00421-w
Rambaut, A. (2006) FigTree. Tree figure drawing tool version 1.3.1. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh.
Ronquist, Fredrik, Teslenko, Maxim, Mark, V.D., Paul, Ayres, Daniel, L., Darling & Aaron. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Senanayake, I., Rathnayaka, A., Sandamali, D., Calabon, M. & Vedprakash, H.G. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11: 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20
Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2011) RaxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. Version 4.0b10. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champion, III.
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, G.M., Shinsky, D. & White, T. (eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic, New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Xie, L., Chen, Y.L., Long, Y.Y., Zhang, Y., Liao, S.T., Liu, B., Qin, L.P., Nong, Q. & Zhang, W.L. (2019) Three new species of Conlarium from sugarcane rhizosphere in southern China. MycoKeys 56: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.56.35857
Zhang, H., Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Hongsanan, S., Jayarama Bhat, D., Al-Sadi, A.M. & Zhang, D. (2017) Towards a natural classification of Annulatascaceae-like taxa: introducing Atractosporales ord. nov. and six new families. Fungal Diversity 85: 75–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0387-z