Abstract
This study aims to end the debate whether Indosasa triangulata belongs to Indosasa or Pleioblastus. The evidence from our morphological study and molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate that Indosasa triangulata should be a member of Pleioblastus, rather than Indosasa, and is a distinct species close to Pleioblastus maculatus and P. oleosus. Thus, it is transferred from Indosasa to Pleioblastus in this study. A detailed description as well as two color plates of this species is also provided.
References
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<p>Chen, S.L., Chen, S.Y. & Sheng, G.Y. (1983) A revision of subtribe Pleioblastinae Keng & Keng f. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica </em>21 (4): 404–415.</p>
<p>Chen, S.L., Chen, S.Y. & Sheng, G.Y. (1996) <em>Pleioblastus </em>Nakai. <em>In</em>: Keng, B.J. & Wang, Z.P. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em> vol. 9. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 588–612.</p>
<p>Guo, C., Ma, P.F., Yang, G.Q., Ye, X.Y., Guo, Y., Liu, J.X., Liu, Y.L., Eaton, D.A.R., Guo, Z.H. & Li, D.Z. (2021) Parallel ddRAD and genome skimming analyses reveal a radiative and reticulate evolutionary history of the temperate bamboos. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 70 (4): 756–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa076</p>
<p>Hsueh, C.J. & Yi, T.P. (1983) Two new species of bamboos from China. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 21 (1): 94–98.</p>
<p>Hsueh, C.J. & Yi, T.P. (1983) Four new species of Bambusoideae in China. <em>Acta Botanica Yunnanica</em> 5 (1): 39–46.</p>
<p>Institutum Botanicum Kunmingense Academiae Sinicae. (1984) <em>Index Florae Yunnanensis</em> Tomus II. The People’s Publishing House Press, Yunnan, 2259 pp.</p>
<p>Jin, J.J., Yu, W.B., Yang, J.B., Song, Y., Yi, T.S. & Li, D.-Z. (2018) GetOrganelle: a simple and fast pipeline for de novo assembly of a complete circular chloroplast genome using genome skimming data. <em>bioRxiv</em> 256479. https://doi.org/10.1101/256479</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT: multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. <em>Bioinformatics </em>28 (12): 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199</p>
<p>Keng, P.C. (1986) A preliminary study of the inflorescence type arising from bamboos and its variation.<em> Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research</em> 4 (4): 323–336.</p>
<p>Lai, G.H. (2012) A taxonomic revision of the genus <em>Pleioblastus</em> (Gramineae: Bambusoideae) from Anhui Province, China. <em>Journal of Zhejiang A</em> & <em>F University</em> 29 (6): 851–858.</p>
<p>Li, D.Z. & Xue, J.R. (2003) <em>Flora Yunnanica</em> vol. 9. Science Press, Beijing, 807 pp.</p>
<p>Lin, M.M., Zheng, S.Q., Wang, X.X., Peng, S.Y. & Qiu, Y.X. (2009) A new species of <em>Pleioblastus</em> (Bambusoideae) from Fujian Province. <em>Bulletin of Botanical Research</em> 29 (3): 257–259.</p>
<p>Loureiro, J. (1790) <em>Flora Cochinchinensis</em> Tomus 1. Typis, et expensis academicis Press, Ulyssipone, 353 pp.</p>
<p>Ma, P.F., Vorontsova, M.S., Nanjarisoa, O.P., Razanatsoa, J., Guo, Z.H., Haevermans, T. & Li, D.Z. (2017) Negative correlation between rates of molecular evolution and flowering cycles in temperate woody bamboos revealed by plastid phylogenomics. <em>BMC Plant Biology</em> 17: 260. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1199-8</p>
<p>Makino, T. & Shibata, K. (1901) On <em>Sasa</em>, a new genus of Bambuseae, and its affinities. <em>Botanical Magazine, Tokyo</em> 15 (168): 18–31. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42008089#page/41/mode/1up]</p>
<p>McClure, F.A. (1940) New genera and species of Bambusaceae from eastern Asia. <em>Lingnan University Science Bulletin</em> 9: 1–67.</p>
<p>Michaux, A. (1803) <em>Flora Boreali-Americana (Michaux)</em>, vol. 1. Missouri Botanical Garden, 330 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/404836#page/371/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Nakai, T. (1925) Two new genera of Bambusaceae, with special remarks on the related genera growing in eastern Asia. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum</em> 6 (3): 145–153. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8367863#page/409/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Nees, E. & Christian, G.D. (1835) Bambuseae Brasilienses. Recensuit, et alias in India orientali provenientes adjectt. <em>Linnaea</em> 9 (4): 461–494.</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Roxburgh, W. (1798) <em>Plants of the Coast of Coromandel</em> vol. 1. W. Bulmer and Co. for G. Nicol, Bookseller Press, London, 68 pp.</p>
<p>Schultes, J.A. & Schultes, J.H. (1830) <em>Systema Vegetabilium</em>. Sumtibus J.G. Cottae Press, Stuttgardtiae, 1816 pp.</p>
<p>South-western Forestry College & Forestry Department of Yunnan Province. (1991) <em>Iconographia Arbororum Yunnanicorum</em> <em>Inferus.</em> Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, 1557 pp.</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics </em>30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Triplett, J.K. & Clark, L.G. (2010) Phylogeny of the Temperate Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) with an emphasis on<em> Arundinaria</em> and Allies. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 35 (1): 102–120. http://doi.org/10.1600/036364410790862678</p>
<p>Vorontsova, M.S., Clark, L.G., Dransfield, J., Govaerts, R. & Baker, W.J. (2016) <em>World checklist of bamboos and rattans.</em> INBAR Technical Report, No. 37. Beijing: International Network of Bamboo & Rattan. 454 pp.</p>
<p>Wang, Z.P. & Ye, G.H. (1982) <em>Oligostachym</em>—a new genus of Chinese Bambusoideae. <em>Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Science)</em> 1: 95–101.</p>
<p>Wen, T.H. (1982) A new genus and some new species of Bambusoideae from China. <em>Journal of Bamboo Research</em> 1 (1): 20–45.</p>
<p>Wick, R.R., Schultz, M.B., Justin, Z. & Holt, K.E. (2015) Bandage: interactive visualization of de novo genome assemblies. <em>Bioinformatics </em>31 (20): 3350–3352. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv383</p>
<p>Yang, B.M. (1981) A new species of <em>Acidosasa</em> from Hunan. <em>Natural Science Journal of Hunan Normal University</em> 2: 53–55.</p>
<p>Yang, G.Y. & Chao, Q.S. (1994) A revision of the genus <em>Arundinairia</em> Michaux in China. <em>Journal of Bamboo Research</em> 13 (1): 1–22.</p>
<p>Yang, Y.M., Wang, K.L. & Sun, M.S. (2019) Yunnan Bamboo Flora. The People’s Publishing House Press, Yunnan, 674 pp.</p>
<p>Yi, T.P., Shi, J.Y., Ma, L.S., Wang, H.T. & Yang, L. (2008) <em>Iconographia Bambusoidearum Sinicarum</em>. Science Press, Beijing, 766 pp.</p>
<p>Yi, T.P., Shi, J.Y., Zhang, Y.S., Zhou, D.Q., Ma, L.S. & Yao, J. (2021) <em>Illustrated Flora of Bambusoideae in China</em> vol. 1. Science Press & Springer, Beijing, 637 pp.</p>
<p>Zhang, X.Z., Zeng, C.X., Ma, P.F., Haevermans, T., Zhang, Y.X., Zhang, L.N., Guo, Z.H. & Li, D.Z. (2016) Multi-locus plastid phylogenetic biogeography supports the Asian hypothesis of the temperate woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). <em>Molecular</em> <em>Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 96: 118–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.025</p>
<p>Zhang, Y.X., Zeng, C.X. & Li, D.Z. (2012) Complex evolution in Arundinarieae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae): Incongruence between plastid and nuclear GBSSI gene phylogenies. <em>Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution</em> 63: 777–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.023</p>
<p>Zhang, Y.X., Guo, C. & Li, D.Z. (2020) A new subtribal classification of Arundinarieae (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) with the description of a new genus. <em>Plant Diversity</em> 42 (3): 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2020.03.004</p>
<p>Zhu, Z.D. & Zhao, Q.S. (1996) <em>Indosasa</em>. <em>In</em>: Keng, B.J. & Wang, Z.P. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em> vol. 9. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 204–224.</p>
<p>Zhu, Z.D. & Stapleton, C.M.A. (2006) <em>Pleioblastus</em> Nakai. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vol. 22. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 121–127.</p>
<p>Zhu, Z.D. & Stapleton, C.M.A. (2006) <em>Indosasa</em> McClure. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vol. 22. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 143–147.</p>
<p>Chen, S.L., Chen, S.Y. & Sheng, G.Y. (1983) A revision of subtribe Pleioblastinae Keng & Keng f. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica </em>21 (4): 404–415.</p>
<p>Chen, S.L., Chen, S.Y. & Sheng, G.Y. (1996) <em>Pleioblastus </em>Nakai. <em>In</em>: Keng, B.J. & Wang, Z.P. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em> vol. 9. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 588–612.</p>
<p>Guo, C., Ma, P.F., Yang, G.Q., Ye, X.Y., Guo, Y., Liu, J.X., Liu, Y.L., Eaton, D.A.R., Guo, Z.H. & Li, D.Z. (2021) Parallel ddRAD and genome skimming analyses reveal a radiative and reticulate evolutionary history of the temperate bamboos. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 70 (4): 756–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa076</p>
<p>Hsueh, C.J. & Yi, T.P. (1983) Two new species of bamboos from China. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 21 (1): 94–98.</p>
<p>Hsueh, C.J. & Yi, T.P. (1983) Four new species of Bambusoideae in China. <em>Acta Botanica Yunnanica</em> 5 (1): 39–46.</p>
<p>Institutum Botanicum Kunmingense Academiae Sinicae. (1984) <em>Index Florae Yunnanensis</em> Tomus II. The People’s Publishing House Press, Yunnan, 2259 pp.</p>
<p>Jin, J.J., Yu, W.B., Yang, J.B., Song, Y., Yi, T.S. & Li, D.-Z. (2018) GetOrganelle: a simple and fast pipeline for de novo assembly of a complete circular chloroplast genome using genome skimming data. <em>bioRxiv</em> 256479. https://doi.org/10.1101/256479</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT: multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. <em>Bioinformatics </em>28 (12): 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199</p>
<p>Keng, P.C. (1986) A preliminary study of the inflorescence type arising from bamboos and its variation.<em> Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research</em> 4 (4): 323–336.</p>
<p>Lai, G.H. (2012) A taxonomic revision of the genus <em>Pleioblastus</em> (Gramineae: Bambusoideae) from Anhui Province, China. <em>Journal of Zhejiang A</em> & <em>F University</em> 29 (6): 851–858.</p>
<p>Li, D.Z. & Xue, J.R. (2003) <em>Flora Yunnanica</em> vol. 9. Science Press, Beijing, 807 pp.</p>
<p>Lin, M.M., Zheng, S.Q., Wang, X.X., Peng, S.Y. & Qiu, Y.X. (2009) A new species of <em>Pleioblastus</em> (Bambusoideae) from Fujian Province. <em>Bulletin of Botanical Research</em> 29 (3): 257–259.</p>
<p>Loureiro, J. (1790) <em>Flora Cochinchinensis</em> Tomus 1. Typis, et expensis academicis Press, Ulyssipone, 353 pp.</p>
<p>Ma, P.F., Vorontsova, M.S., Nanjarisoa, O.P., Razanatsoa, J., Guo, Z.H., Haevermans, T. & Li, D.Z. (2017) Negative correlation between rates of molecular evolution and flowering cycles in temperate woody bamboos revealed by plastid phylogenomics. <em>BMC Plant Biology</em> 17: 260. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1199-8</p>
<p>Makino, T. & Shibata, K. (1901) On <em>Sasa</em>, a new genus of Bambuseae, and its affinities. <em>Botanical Magazine, Tokyo</em> 15 (168): 18–31. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42008089#page/41/mode/1up]</p>
<p>McClure, F.A. (1940) New genera and species of Bambusaceae from eastern Asia. <em>Lingnan University Science Bulletin</em> 9: 1–67.</p>
<p>Michaux, A. (1803) <em>Flora Boreali-Americana (Michaux)</em>, vol. 1. Missouri Botanical Garden, 330 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/404836#page/371/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Nakai, T. (1925) Two new genera of Bambusaceae, with special remarks on the related genera growing in eastern Asia. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum</em> 6 (3): 145–153. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8367863#page/409/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Nees, E. & Christian, G.D. (1835) Bambuseae Brasilienses. Recensuit, et alias in India orientali provenientes adjectt. <em>Linnaea</em> 9 (4): 461–494.</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Roxburgh, W. (1798) <em>Plants of the Coast of Coromandel</em> vol. 1. W. Bulmer and Co. for G. Nicol, Bookseller Press, London, 68 pp.</p>
<p>Schultes, J.A. & Schultes, J.H. (1830) <em>Systema Vegetabilium</em>. Sumtibus J.G. Cottae Press, Stuttgardtiae, 1816 pp.</p>
<p>South-western Forestry College & Forestry Department of Yunnan Province. (1991) <em>Iconographia Arbororum Yunnanicorum</em> <em>Inferus.</em> Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, 1557 pp.</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics </em>30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Triplett, J.K. & Clark, L.G. (2010) Phylogeny of the Temperate Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) with an emphasis on<em> Arundinaria</em> and Allies. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 35 (1): 102–120. http://doi.org/10.1600/036364410790862678</p>
<p>Vorontsova, M.S., Clark, L.G., Dransfield, J., Govaerts, R. & Baker, W.J. (2016) <em>World checklist of bamboos and rattans.</em> INBAR Technical Report, No. 37. Beijing: International Network of Bamboo & Rattan. 454 pp.</p>
<p>Wang, Z.P. & Ye, G.H. (1982) <em>Oligostachym</em>—a new genus of Chinese Bambusoideae. <em>Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Science)</em> 1: 95–101.</p>
<p>Wen, T.H. (1982) A new genus and some new species of Bambusoideae from China. <em>Journal of Bamboo Research</em> 1 (1): 20–45.</p>
<p>Wick, R.R., Schultz, M.B., Justin, Z. & Holt, K.E. (2015) Bandage: interactive visualization of de novo genome assemblies. <em>Bioinformatics </em>31 (20): 3350–3352. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv383</p>
<p>Yang, B.M. (1981) A new species of <em>Acidosasa</em> from Hunan. <em>Natural Science Journal of Hunan Normal University</em> 2: 53–55.</p>
<p>Yang, G.Y. & Chao, Q.S. (1994) A revision of the genus <em>Arundinairia</em> Michaux in China. <em>Journal of Bamboo Research</em> 13 (1): 1–22.</p>
<p>Yang, Y.M., Wang, K.L. & Sun, M.S. (2019) Yunnan Bamboo Flora. The People’s Publishing House Press, Yunnan, 674 pp.</p>
<p>Yi, T.P., Shi, J.Y., Ma, L.S., Wang, H.T. & Yang, L. (2008) <em>Iconographia Bambusoidearum Sinicarum</em>. Science Press, Beijing, 766 pp.</p>
<p>Yi, T.P., Shi, J.Y., Zhang, Y.S., Zhou, D.Q., Ma, L.S. & Yao, J. (2021) <em>Illustrated Flora of Bambusoideae in China</em> vol. 1. Science Press & Springer, Beijing, 637 pp.</p>
<p>Zhang, X.Z., Zeng, C.X., Ma, P.F., Haevermans, T., Zhang, Y.X., Zhang, L.N., Guo, Z.H. & Li, D.Z. (2016) Multi-locus plastid phylogenetic biogeography supports the Asian hypothesis of the temperate woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). <em>Molecular</em> <em>Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 96: 118–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.025</p>
<p>Zhang, Y.X., Zeng, C.X. & Li, D.Z. (2012) Complex evolution in Arundinarieae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae): Incongruence between plastid and nuclear GBSSI gene phylogenies. <em>Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution</em> 63: 777–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.023</p>
<p>Zhang, Y.X., Guo, C. & Li, D.Z. (2020) A new subtribal classification of Arundinarieae (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) with the description of a new genus. <em>Plant Diversity</em> 42 (3): 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2020.03.004</p>
<p>Zhu, Z.D. & Zhao, Q.S. (1996) <em>Indosasa</em>. <em>In</em>: Keng, B.J. & Wang, Z.P. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em> vol. 9. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 204–224.</p>
<p>Zhu, Z.D. & Stapleton, C.M.A. (2006) <em>Pleioblastus</em> Nakai. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vol. 22. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 121–127.</p>
<p>Zhu, Z.D. & Stapleton, C.M.A. (2006) <em>Indosasa</em> McClure. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vol. 22. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 143–147.</p>