Abstract
Tuber qujingense and T. songlu are described as new species based on both phylogenetic and morphological analyses. Phylogenetically, these two species are clearly distinct from described species of Tuber. Morphologically, these two species have whitish smooth ascomata, pubescent and prosenchymatous peridium and 1–4 spored asci; however, T. qujingense is characterized by its fusiform ascospores and taller alveolar walls (4.5–11 µm) while T. songlu has larger ellipsoid ascospores and lower alveolar walls (1–7 µm).
References
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<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In</em>: Innis, M., Gelfand, D., Sninsky, J. & White, T. (Eds.) <em>PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications</em>. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
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<p>Bonito, G., Trappe, J.M., Rawlinson, P. & Vilgalys, R. (2010) Improved resolution of major clades within Tuber and taxonomy of species within the Tuber gibbosum complex. <em>Mycologia</em> 102 (5): 1042–1057. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-213</p>
<p>Bonito, G., Smith, M.E., Nowak, M., Healy, R.A., Guevara, G., Cazares, E., Kinoshita, A., Nouhra, E.R., Dominguez, L.S., Tedersoo, L., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Moreno, B.A., Pfister, D.H., Nara, K., Zambonelli, A., Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. <em>PLoS One</em> 8 (1): E52765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052765</p>
<p>Fan, L., Han, L., Zhang, P.R. & Yan, X.Y. (2016a) Molecular analysis of Chinese truffles resembling Tuber californicum in morphology reveals a rich pattern of species diversity with emphasis on four new species. <em>Mycologi</em>a 108 (2): 191–199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/14-343</p>
<p>Fan, L., Zhang, P.R., Yan, X.Y. & Li, Y. (2016b) Phylogenetic analyses of Chinese <em>Tuber </em>species that resemble <em>T. borchii </em>reveal the existence of the new species <em>T. hubeiense</em> and <em>T. wumengense</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 108: 354–362.</p>
<p>García-Montero, L.G., Díaz, P., Massimo, G.D. & García-Abril, A. (2010) A review of research on Chinese Tuber species. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 9: 315–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0647-8</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes--application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user–friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series </em>41 (41): 95–98.</p>
<p>Jeandroz, S., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Bonfante, P. & Tacon, F.L. (2008) Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus <em>Tuber</em>, the ‘true truffles’. <em>Journal of Biogeography</em> 35 (5): 815–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01851.x</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 772–780. https ://doi.org/10.1093/molbe v/mst010</p>
<p>Kauserud, H., Heegaard, E., Semenov, M.A., Boddy, L., Halvorsen, R., Stige, L.C., Sparks, T.H., Gange, A.C. & Stenseth, N.C. (2010) Climate change and spring-fruiting fungi. <em>Proceedings Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences</em> 277 (1685): 1169–1177. http://dx.doi:10.1098/Rspb.2009.1537</p>
<p>Kinoshita, A., Sasaki, H. & Nara, K. (2011) Phylogeny and diversity of Japanese truffles (<em>Tuber</em> spp.) inferred from sequences of four nuclear loci. <em>Mycologia</em> 103 (4): 779–794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-138</p>
<p>Mello, A., Murat, C. & Bonfante, P. (2006) Truffles: much more than a prized and local fungal delicacy. <em>Fems Microbiology Letters</em> 260: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00252.x</p>
<p>Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest 2.2. Computer software distributed by the University of Uppsala. Sweden, Evolutionary Biology Centre.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19: 1572–1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum-likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 22: 2688–2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Trappe, J.M., Molina, R., Luoma, D.L., Cázares, E., Pilz, D., Smith, J.E., Castellano, M.A., Miller, S.L. & Trappe, M.J. (2009) <em>Diversity, Ecology, and Conservation of Truffle Fungi in Forests of the Pacific Northwest. In: </em>United States Diversity, ecology, and conservation of truffle fungi in forests of the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-772. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 194 pp. https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-772</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species.<em> Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Wan, S.P., Wang, X.H., Zheng, Y. & Yu, F.Q. (2016) <em>Tuber shidianense</em> and <em>T. calosporum</em>, two new truffle species from southwest China. <em>Mycoscience</em> 57: 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/06/007</p>
<p>Wan, S.P., Tang, L., Zheng, Y. & Yu, F.Q. (2017a) Two novel <em>Tuber</em> species (Tuberaceae, Pezizales) in the Latisporum Group from China. <em>Mycoscience</em> 58 (5): 312–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2017.02.006</p>
<p>Wan, S.P., Xu, W.J., Tang, N.W., Wang, Y., Zheng, Y. & Yu, F.Q. (2017b) Three Excavatum species <em>Tuber badium</em>, <em>T. depressum</em> and <em>T. verrucosivolvum</em> from Sichuan Province, China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 296 (3): 228–238. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.3.2</p>
<p>Wang, Y.J., Tan, Z.M., Murat, C., Jeandroz, S. & Le-Tacon, F. (2007) Molecular taxonomy of Chinese truffles belonging to the <em>Tuber rufum</em> and <em>Tuber puberulum</em> groups. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 24: 301–328.</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In</em>: Innis, M., Gelfand, D., Sninsky, J. & White, T. (Eds.) <em>PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications</em>. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Wiggers, F.H. (1780) <em>Primitiae Florae Holsaticae</em>. Bartchii Acad. Typogr. Kiliae. 112 pp.</p>
<p>Yang, Z.L. & Zhang, L.F. (2003) Type studies on <em>Clitocybe macrospora</em> and <em>Xerula furfuracea</em> var. <em>bispora</em>. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 88: 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2009.05.004</p>
<p>Zambonelli, A., Iotti, M. & Murat, C. (2016) [Soil Biology] True Truffle (<em>Tuber</em> spp.) in the World. <em>Springer International Publishing</em>. 47. http://dx.doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5</p>