Abstract
Tuber qujingense and T. songlu are described as new species based on both phylogenetic and morphological analyses. Phylogenetically, these two species are clearly distinct from described species of Tuber. Morphologically, these two species have whitish smooth ascomata, pubescent and prosenchymatous peridium and 1–4 spored asci; however, T. qujingense is characterized by its fusiform ascospores and taller alveolar walls (4.5–11 µm) while T. songlu has larger ellipsoid ascospores and lower alveolar walls (1–7 µm).
References
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Bonito, G., Trappe, J.M., Rawlinson, P. & Vilgalys, R. (2010) Improved resolution of major clades within Tuber and taxonomy of species within the Tuber gibbosum complex. Mycologia 102 (5): 1042–1057. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-213
Bonito, G., Smith, M.E., Nowak, M., Healy, R.A., Guevara, G., Cazares, E., Kinoshita, A., Nouhra, E.R., Dominguez, L.S., Tedersoo, L., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Moreno, B.A., Pfister, D.H., Nara, K., Zambonelli, A., Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. PLoS One 8 (1): E52765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052765
Fan, L., Han, L., Zhang, P.R. & Yan, X.Y. (2016a) Molecular analysis of Chinese truffles resembling Tuber californicum in morphology reveals a rich pattern of species diversity with emphasis on four new species. Mycologia 108 (2): 191–199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/14-343
Fan, L., Zhang, P.R., Yan, X.Y. & Li, Y. (2016b) Phylogenetic analyses of Chinese Tuber species that resemble T. borchii reveal the existence of the new species T. hubeiense and T. wumengense. Mycologia 108: 354–362.
García-Montero, L.G., Díaz, P., Massimo, G.D. & García-Abril, A. (2010) A review of research on Chinese Tuber species. Mycological Progress 9: 315–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0647-8
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes--application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user–friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41 (41): 95–98.
Jeandroz, S., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Bonfante, P. & Tacon, F.L. (2008) Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Tuber, the ‘true truffles’. Journal of Biogeography 35 (5): 815–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01851.x
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https ://doi.org/10.1093/molbe v/mst010
Kauserud, H., Heegaard, E., Semenov, M.A., Boddy, L., Halvorsen, R., Stige, L.C., Sparks, T.H., Gange, A.C. & Stenseth, N.C. (2010) Climate change and spring-fruiting fungi. Proceedings Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 277 (1685): 1169–1177. http://dx.doi:10.1098/Rspb.2009.1537
Kinoshita, A., Sasaki, H. & Nara, K. (2011) Phylogeny and diversity of Japanese truffles (Tuber spp.) inferred from sequences of four nuclear loci. Mycologia 103 (4): 779–794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-138
Mello, A., Murat, C. & Bonfante, P. (2006) Truffles: much more than a prized and local fungal delicacy. Fems Microbiology Letters 260: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00252.x
Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest 2.2. Computer software distributed by the University of Uppsala. Sweden, Evolutionary Biology Centre.
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum-likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
Trappe, J.M., Molina, R., Luoma, D.L., Cázares, E., Pilz, D., Smith, J.E., Castellano, M.A., Miller, S.L. & Trappe, M.J. (2009) Diversity, Ecology, and Conservation of Truffle Fungi in Forests of the Pacific Northwest. In: United States Diversity, ecology, and conservation of truffle fungi in forests of the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-772. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 194 pp. https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-772
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
Wan, S.P., Wang, X.H., Zheng, Y. & Yu, F.Q. (2016) Tuber shidianense and T. calosporum, two new truffle species from southwest China. Mycoscience 57: 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/06/007
Wan, S.P., Tang, L., Zheng, Y. & Yu, F.Q. (2017a) Two novel Tuber species (Tuberaceae, Pezizales) in the Latisporum Group from China. Mycoscience 58 (5): 312–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2017.02.006
Wan, S.P., Xu, W.J., Tang, N.W., Wang, Y., Zheng, Y. & Yu, F.Q. (2017b) Three Excavatum species Tuber badium, T. depressum and T. verrucosivolvum from Sichuan Province, China. Phytotaxa 296 (3): 228–238. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.3.2
Wang, Y.J., Tan, Z.M., Murat, C., Jeandroz, S. & Le-Tacon, F. (2007) Molecular taxonomy of Chinese truffles belonging to the Tuber rufum and Tuber puberulum groups. Fungal Diversity 24: 301–328.
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M., Gelfand, D., Sninsky, J. & White, T. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Wiggers, F.H. (1780) Primitiae Florae Holsaticae. Bartchii Acad. Typogr. Kiliae. 112 pp.
Yang, Z.L. & Zhang, L.F. (2003) Type studies on Clitocybe macrospora and Xerula furfuracea var. bispora. Mycotaxon 88: 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2009.05.004
Zambonelli, A., Iotti, M. & Murat, C. (2016) [Soil Biology] True Truffle (Tuber spp.) in the World. Springer International Publishing. 47. http://dx.doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5