Abstract
Gladiolus izzet-baysalii is described and illustrated as a new species from Karaman province in Southern Anatolia. Gladiolus izzet-baysalii is not morphologically close to any of the species of Gladiolus in Turkey. Although it has some similarities with G. illyricus and G. hamzaoglui in terms of habitus, G. izzet-baysalii differs significantly in tunic structure, number of leaves, inflorescence, perianth, anther, style, capsule and seed features. In this study, the diagnostic morphological features, distribution, conservation status, habitat and ecological characteristics of the new species are discussed. Micromorphological characteristics of G. izzet-baysalii, G. illyricus and G. hamzaoglui seeds are also examined and compared using stereomicroscope and SEM analyses.
References
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<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>, vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Meikle, R.D. (1985) <em>Flora of Cyprus</em>, vol. 2. Published by the Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 1569–1572.</p>
<p>Menemen, Y., Aytaç, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Türkçe Bilimsel Bitki Adlandırma Yönergesi. <em>Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi</em> 3: 1–3.</p>
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<p>Smith, J.E. (1806) <em>Florae Graecae Prodromus</em>, vol 1. Typis Richardi Taylor et Socii, Londini, 442 pp.</p>
<p>Stapf, O. (1885) <em>Beitrage Zur Flora von Lycien, Carien und Mesopotamien, I. Theil</em>. Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. <em>Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse </em>50: 73–120.</p>
<p>Tan, K. & Edmondson, J.R. (1984) <em>Gladiolus</em> L. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H. (ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, </em>vol. 8<em>. </em>Edinburg University Press, Edinburg, pp. 441–450.</p>
<p>Tan, K., Mathew, B. & Baytop, A. (2006) <em>Gladiolus attilae</em> (Iridaceae), a new species from East Anatolia, Turkey. <em>Phytologia Balcanica</em> 12: 71–73.</p>
<p>Tekşen, M. & Eker, İ. (2017) Resimli Türkiye Florası’na Katkılar 2: Iç Anadolu’dan yeni bir sarıyıldız türü [<em>Gagea goekyigitii</em> (Liliaceae)]. <em>Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi</em> 4: 22–30.</p>
<p>Tekşen, M., Duman, H., Sağıroğlu, M. (2021) A new <em>Gladiolus</em> (Iridaceae) species from East Anatolia (Turkey): <em>Gladiolus hamzaoglui</em>. <em>Phytotaxa </em>496: 245–260. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.3</p>
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<p>Ulukuş, D. & Tugay, O. (2018) <em>Haplophyllum ermenekense</em> (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey. <em>PhytoKeys </em>111: 119–131. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.24241</p>
<p>WCSP (2020) World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 25 August 2020)</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. & Mathew, B. (1975) <em>Gladiolus</em> L. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) <em>Flora Iranica, </em>vol. 112. Akad. Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 69–74.</p>
<p>Zhygalova, S.L., Futorna, O.A. & Levanets, A. (2014) Micromorphological study (ultrastructure of lamina surface, seeds, ultrasculpture of pollen grains) of <em>Gladiolus</em> L. species (Iridaceae Juss.) of Ukrainian flora. <em>Environmental & Socio-economic Studies</em> 2: 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0046</p>
<p>Barthlott, W., Neinhuis, C., Cutler, D., Ditsch, F., Meusel, I., Theisen, I. & Wilhelmi, H. (1998) Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society </em>126: 237–260. https://doi.org/10.1006/bojl.1997.0137</p>
<p>Boissier, P.E. (1882) <em>Flora Orientalis</em> 5. H. Georg, Genevae et Basileae, 868 pp.</p>
<p>Budak, Ü., Koç, M. & Hamzaoğlu, E. (2018) <em>Silene goksuensis</em> (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from south Turkey. <em>Phytotaxa </em>345: 170–174. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.345.2.9</p>
<p>Cantor, M. & Tolety, J. (2011) <em>Gladiolus</em>.<em> In: </em>Kole, C. (Ed.) <em>Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources Plantation and Ornamental Crops</em>. Springer, Berlin, pp. 133–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21201-7_8</p>
<p>Chernyakovskaya, E.G. (1968) <em>Gladiolus</em> L. <em>In</em>: Komorov, V.L. (ed.) <em>Flora of USSR, </em>vol. 4. Printed in Jerusalem (English version), pp. 440–448.</p>
<p>Doğu, S., Bağcı, Y. & Dinç, M. (2009) <em>Rhaponticoides aytachii</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Asteraceae) from south Anatolia, Turkey. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 27: 479–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00537.x</p>
<p>Erol, O., Uzen, E. & Küçüker, O. (2006) Preliminary SEM Observations on the Seed Testa Structure of <em>Gladiolus</em> L. Species from Turkey. <em>International Journal of Botany</em> 2: 125–127. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijb.2006.125.127</p>
<p>Goldblatt, P. (1996) <em>Gladiolus in Tropical Africa, Systematics Biology & Evolution</em>. Timber Press, Portland, pp.7–9.</p>
<p>Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J.C. (2008) <em>The Iris Family: Natural History and Classification</em>. Portland, London, 290 pp.</p>
<p>Halbritter, H., Ulrich, S., Grímsson, F., Weber, M., Zetter, R., Hesse, M., Buchner, R., Svojtka, M. & Frosch-Radivo, A. (2018) <em>Illustrated Pollen Terminology, </em>second edition. Springer-Verlag/Wien, Austria, 487 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71365-6</p>
<p>Halbritter, H. & Auer, W. (2021) <em>Gladiolus illyricus</em>.<em> In: </em>PalDat - A palynological database. Available from: https://www.paldat.org/pub/Gladiolus_illyricus/304787;jsessionid=F959B01569FAA98FBA6F99AD8D753280 (accessed 30 January 2021)</p>
<p>Hamilton, A.P. (1980) <em>Gladiolus</em> L. <em>In</em>: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A. & Valentine, D.H. (eds.) <em>Flora Europaea, </em>vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., pp. 101–102.</p>
<p>Hesse, M., Halbritter, H., Zetter, R., Weber, M., Buchner, R., Frosch-Radivo, A. & Ulrich, S. (2009) <em>Pollen Terminology: An illustrated handbook</em>. Springer-Verlag/Wien, Austria, 266 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-79894-2</p>
<p>IPNI (2021) <em>International Plant Names Index</em>. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Available from: http://www.ipni.org (accessed 25 July 2021).</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) Red List Guidance Documents - IUCN standards and petitions subcommittee. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (accessed 22 June 2021)</p>
<p>Ker Gawler, J.B. (1807) <em>Curtis’s Botanical Magazine</em> 25: t. 992.</p>
<p>Koch, W.D.J. (1837) <em>Synopsis Florae Germanicae et Helveticae</em>, Sumptibus Friederici Wilmans, Francofurti, 844 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>, vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Meikle, R.D. (1985) <em>Flora of Cyprus</em>, vol. 2. Published by the Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 1569–1572.</p>
<p>Menemen, Y., Aytaç, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Türkçe Bilimsel Bitki Adlandırma Yönergesi. <em>Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi</em> 3: 1–3.</p>
<p>Post, G.E. & Dinsmore, J.E. (1933) <em>Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai</em>, vol. 2. American Press, Beirut, Lebanon, pp. 602–604.</p>
<p>Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Le Thomas, A. (2007) Glossary of Pollen and Spore Terminology. <em>Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</em> 143: 1–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008</p>
<p>Sağıroğlu, M. & Akgül, G. (2014) <em>Gladiolus osmaniyensis</em> (Iridaceae), a new species from South Anatolia, Turkey. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 38: 31–36. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1209-60</p>
<p>Sağıroğlu, M. & Eker, İ. (2021) <em>Gladiolus aladagensis</em> (Iridaceae), a new species from Turkey. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 478: 151–161. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.11</p>
<p>Smith, J.E. (1806) <em>Florae Graecae Prodromus</em>, vol 1. Typis Richardi Taylor et Socii, Londini, 442 pp.</p>
<p>Stapf, O. (1885) <em>Beitrage Zur Flora von Lycien, Carien und Mesopotamien, I. Theil</em>. Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. <em>Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse </em>50: 73–120.</p>
<p>Tan, K. & Edmondson, J.R. (1984) <em>Gladiolus</em> L. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H. (ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, </em>vol. 8<em>. </em>Edinburg University Press, Edinburg, pp. 441–450.</p>
<p>Tan, K., Mathew, B. & Baytop, A. (2006) <em>Gladiolus attilae</em> (Iridaceae), a new species from East Anatolia, Turkey. <em>Phytologia Balcanica</em> 12: 71–73.</p>
<p>Tekşen, M. & Eker, İ. (2017) Resimli Türkiye Florası’na Katkılar 2: Iç Anadolu’dan yeni bir sarıyıldız türü [<em>Gagea goekyigitii</em> (Liliaceae)]. <em>Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi</em> 4: 22–30.</p>
<p>Tekşen, M., Duman, H., Sağıroğlu, M. (2021) A new <em>Gladiolus</em> (Iridaceae) species from East Anatolia (Turkey): <em>Gladiolus hamzaoglui</em>. <em>Phytotaxa </em>496: 245–260. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.3</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021 [continuously updated]) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff.</em> New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 20 June 2021)</p>
<p>Ulukuş, D. & Tugay, O. (2018) <em>Haplophyllum ermenekense</em> (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey. <em>PhytoKeys </em>111: 119–131. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.24241</p>
<p>WCSP (2020) World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 25 August 2020)</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. & Mathew, B. (1975) <em>Gladiolus</em> L. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) <em>Flora Iranica, </em>vol. 112. Akad. Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 69–74.</p>
<p>Zhygalova, S.L., Futorna, O.A. & Levanets, A. (2014) Micromorphological study (ultrastructure of lamina surface, seeds, ultrasculpture of pollen grains) of <em>Gladiolus</em> L. species (Iridaceae Juss.) of Ukrainian flora. <em>Environmental & Socio-economic Studies</em> 2: 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0046</p>