Abstract
A new Dionysia species, D. zeynepiae, is described from Antakya, a Mediterranean province in southern Turkey. It differs from all other known species of the genus by the presence of the trifid corolla lobes (vs. entire, emarginate or bifid lobes). This is the most western and most separated population of this mostly Irano-Turanian genus, which is distributed mainly in the Zagros Mountains (Iran) and adjacent areas. The floral morphology of the heterostylous flowers is also described in detail.
References
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<p>Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.) (2012) T<em>ürkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler)</em>. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul. 1290 pp.</p>
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<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 22 November 2021)</p>
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<p>Wendelbo, P.E.B. (1961a) Studies in Primulaceae I. A monograph of the genus <em>Dionysia</em>. <em>Arbok for Universitetet i Bergen, Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig</em> 3: 39–76.</p>
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<p>Wendelbo, P. (1964) Studies in Primulaceae IV. The genus <em>Dionysia</em> in Afghanistan with descriptions of 6 new species. <em>Arbok for Universitetet i Bergen, Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig</em> 19: 1–28.</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1965) Primulaceae. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) <em>Flora iranica</em> 9. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 37 pp.</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1967) A new Dionysia (Primulaceae) from the Bakhtiari Mountains of Iran. <em>Botaniska Notiser</em> 120: 144–148.</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1970) New and noteworthy species of Primulaceae from Flora Iranica-area. <em>Botaniska Notiser</em> 123 (2): 300–309</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1971) On xeromorphic adaptations in the genus <em>Dionysia</em> (Primulaceae). <em>Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien</em> 75: 249–254.</p>
<p>Younesi, S., Mehregan, I., Assadi, M., Nejadsattari, T. & Lidén, M. (2016) <em>Dionysia robusta </em>(Primulaceae), a new species from W Iran. <em>Willdenowia</em> 46: 105–112. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.46.46108</p>
<p>Zainy, M., Al-Ansari, N., Bauer, T. & Ask, M. (2017) The tectonic and structural classifications of the western part of the Zagros fold and thrust belt, North Iraq. Review and discussion. <em>Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering</em> 7 (2): 71–89.</p>
<p>Boissier, E. (1846) <em>Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum</em>, 1 (7). Lipsiae, 130 pp.</p>
<p>Bornmüller, J.F. (1899) Drei neue Dionysien. <em>Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier </em>7: 66–74.</p>
<p>Bornmüller, J.F. & Hausknecht, A. (1903) Weitere Beiträge Gattung Dionysia. <em>Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier</em> 2 (3): 590–595.</p>
<p>Bornmüller, J.F. (1937) Fünfter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung <em>Dionysia</em>. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 41: 179−180. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4870412604</p>
<p>Clay, S. (1937) <em>Present-Day Rock Garden: Being a Complementary Volume to Farrer's. The English Rock-Garden.</em> London, 681 pp.</p>
<p>Fenzl, E. (1843) Plantarum generum et specierum novarum decas prima. <em>Flora</em> 26 (1): 389−404.</p>
<p>Grey-Wilson, C. (1974) Some Notes on Iranian Dionysias (Primulaceae). <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 29 (4): 687–694. https://doi.org/10.2307/4108134</p>
<p>Grey-Wilson, C. (1989) <em>The genus Dionysia</em>. Alpine Garden Society, St. Johns, 172 pp.</p>
<p>Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.) (2012) T<em>ürkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler)</em>. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul. 1290 pp.</p>
<p>Güzel, Y., Güzelşemme, M. & Miski, M. (2015) Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used in Antakya: a multicultural district in Hatay Province of Turkey. <em>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</em> 174: 118–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.042</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 22 November 2021)</p>
<p>Lamond, J. (1978) <em>Dionysia</em>. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H. (ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands</em>, Edinburgh University Press.</p>
<p>Lehmann, J.G.C. (1817) <em>Monographia Generis Primularum</em>. Sumptibus J.A. Barth, Lipsiae, 95 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59233</p>
<p>Lidén, M. (2007) The genus <em>Dionysia</em> (Primulaceae), a synopsis and five new species. <em>Willdenowia</em> 37: 37–61. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.37.37102</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1752) <em>Species plantarum</em>. 2 vols. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Mehregan, I., Younes, S. & Lidén, M. (2021) <em>Donysia avia </em>(Primulaceae), a new species from Zagros Mountains, Iran. <em>Phytotaxa </em>511: 296−300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.3.9</p>
<p>Pax, F.A. (1910) Einen neuen Primulaceentypus aus Persien<em>: Jahres-Bericht der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Vaterländische Cultur</em> 87: 19−21.</p>
<p>Salih, R.H.M. & Ahmad, S.A. (2011) The Morphology and Palynology Study of Dionysia odora Fenzl. (Primulaceae) in Iraqi-Kurdistan. <em>Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science </em>24 (3): 1–8.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium</em>. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 6 February 2021)</p>
<p>Trift, I., Lidén, M. & Anderberg, A.A. (2004) Phylogeny and biogeography of <em>Dionysia</em> (Primulaceae). <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences </em>165 (5): 845–860. https://doi.org/10.1086/422047</p>
<p>Türkmen, N. & Düzenli, A. (1998) The flora of Dörtyol and Erzin district of Hatay Province in Turkey. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 22 (2): 121–142.</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P.E.B. (1961a) Studies in Primulaceae I. A monograph of the genus <em>Dionysia</em>. <em>Arbok for Universitetet i Bergen, Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig</em> 3: 39–76.</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1961b) Studies in Primulaceae II. An account of <em>Primula</em> subg. <em>Sphondylia</em> with a review of the subdivision of the genus. <em>Arbok for Universitetet i Bergen, Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig</em> 4: 1–49.</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1961c) Studies in Primulaceae III. On the genera related to <em>Primula</em> with special reference to their pollen morphology. <em>Arbok for Universitetet i Bergen, Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig</em> 5: 1–31.</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1964) Studies in Primulaceae IV. The genus <em>Dionysia</em> in Afghanistan with descriptions of 6 new species. <em>Arbok for Universitetet i Bergen, Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig</em> 19: 1–28.</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1965) Primulaceae. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) <em>Flora iranica</em> 9. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 37 pp.</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1967) A new Dionysia (Primulaceae) from the Bakhtiari Mountains of Iran. <em>Botaniska Notiser</em> 120: 144–148.</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1970) New and noteworthy species of Primulaceae from Flora Iranica-area. <em>Botaniska Notiser</em> 123 (2): 300–309</p>
<p>Wendelbo, P. (1971) On xeromorphic adaptations in the genus <em>Dionysia</em> (Primulaceae). <em>Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien</em> 75: 249–254.</p>
<p>Younesi, S., Mehregan, I., Assadi, M., Nejadsattari, T. & Lidén, M. (2016) <em>Dionysia robusta </em>(Primulaceae), a new species from W Iran. <em>Willdenowia</em> 46: 105–112. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.46.46108</p>
<p>Zainy, M., Al-Ansari, N., Bauer, T. & Ask, M. (2017) The tectonic and structural classifications of the western part of the Zagros fold and thrust belt, North Iraq. Review and discussion. <em>Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering</em> 7 (2): 71–89.</p>