Abstract
Justicia pusilla, a new species of Acanthaceae from Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is one of the smallest plants in the genus. It is morphologically allied with Justicia laevilinguis and “Justicia indespecta”, but differs from both by a set of characters related to habit, leaves, spikes, bracts, bracteoles, calyx, corolla and seeds. It is considered endangered due to its restricted geographic distribution and low population density.
References
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<p>Braz, D.M. & Azevedo, I.H.F. (2016) Acanthaceae da Marambaia, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. <em>Hoehnea</em> 43: 497–516. https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-12/2016</p>
<p>Braz, D.M., Carvalho-Okano, R.M. & Kameyama, C. (2002) Acanthaceae da Reserva Florestal Mata do Paraíso, Viçosa, Minas Gerais. <em>Revista Brasileira de Botânica</em> 25: 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042002012000013</p>
<p>Chagas, E.C.O. & Costa-Lima, J.L. (2020) <em>Justicia</em> in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB4137 (accessed 18 June 2021)</p>
<p>Côrtes, A.L.A. & Rapini, A. (2011) Four new species of <em>Justicia</em> (Acanthaceae) from the Caatinga biome of Bahia, Brazil. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 66: 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9295-7</p>
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<p>Kiel, C.A., Daniel, T.F. & McDade, L.A. (2018) Phylogenetics of New World ‘justicioids” (Justicieae: Acanthaceae): Major lineages, morphological patterns, and widespread incongruence with classification. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 43: 459–484. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364418X697201</p>
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<p>Nees Von Esenbeck, C.G. (1832) Acanthaceae Indiae Orientalis.<em> In: </em>Wallich, N. (Ed.) <em>Plantae Asiaticae Rariores</em>, Treuttel, Würtz & Ritter, London, pp.70–117.</p>
<p>Nees Von Esenbeck, C.G. (1847) Acanthaceae. <em>In</em>: von Martins, K.F.P. & Eicliler, A.G. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em> 9. F. Fleischer, Lipsiae, pp. 1–164.</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2016) QGIS 2.14.19 Brighton software. Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available at: http://doc.qgis.org (accessed 15 June 2021)</p>
<p>Reis, A.S., Gil, A.S.B. & Kameyama, C. (2017) Flora das Cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Acanthaceae. <em>Rodriguésia </em>68: 887–903.</p>
<p>Sartin, R.D. (2015) <em>O gênero Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) no estado de Goiás</em>. Master’s dissertation. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 132 pp.</p>
<p>Silva, F.A. (2019) <em>O gênero Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) no estado do Pará, Brasil</em>. Master’s dissertation. Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Pará, 165pp.</p>
<p>Silva, F.A., Gil, A.S.B. & Kameyama, C. (2019a) <em>Justicia</em> <em>carajensis</em>, a new species of Acanthaceae from the Serra dos Carajás, Pará. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 388: 266–274. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.388.4.2</p>
<p>Silva, F.A., Gil, A.S.B., Reis, A.S., Fernandes-Júnior, A.J., Luz, C.F.P. & Kameyama, C. (2019b) Three new species of <em>Justicia</em> L. (Acanthaceae) from Brazil. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 44: 697–707. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364419X15620114943855</p>
<p>Solms-Laubach, H.M.C.L.F. (1867) Acanthaceae. <em>In</em>: Schweinfurth, G. (Ed.) <em>Beitragzur flora Aethiopiens</em>. Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin, pp. 102–114.</p>
<p>Thiers B (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 1 September 2021)</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Seott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>In</em>: Smith, V. & Penev, L. (Eds.) e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. <em>ZooKeys</em> 50: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1876) Acanthaceae. <em>In</em>: Bentham, G. & Hooker, J.D. (Eds.) <em>Genera Plantarum</em> 2. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 1066–1122.</p>
<p>Braz, D.M. (2015) <em>Justicia paracambi</em>, a new Brazilian species of Acanthaceae. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 236: 184–190. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.7</p>
<p>Braz, D.M. & Azevedo, I.H.F. (2016) Acanthaceae da Marambaia, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. <em>Hoehnea</em> 43: 497–516. https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-12/2016</p>
<p>Braz, D.M., Carvalho-Okano, R.M. & Kameyama, C. (2002) Acanthaceae da Reserva Florestal Mata do Paraíso, Viçosa, Minas Gerais. <em>Revista Brasileira de Botânica</em> 25: 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042002012000013</p>
<p>Chagas, E.C.O. & Costa-Lima, J.L. (2020) <em>Justicia</em> in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB4137 (accessed 18 June 2021)</p>
<p>Côrtes, A.L.A. & Rapini, A. (2011) Four new species of <em>Justicia</em> (Acanthaceae) from the Caatinga biome of Bahia, Brazil. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 66: 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9295-7</p>
<p>Côrtes, A.L.A. & Rapini, A. (2013) Justicieae (Acanthaceae) do Semiárido do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. <em>Hoehnea</em> 40: 253–292. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2236-89062013000200003</p>
<p>Daniel, T.F. (2016) Vascular plants of Arizona: Acanthaceae acanthus or shrimp-plant family. <em>Canotia</em> 12: 22–54.</p>
<p>Ezcurra, C. (2002) El género <em>Justicia</em> (Acanthaeeae) en Sudamética Austral. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 89: 225–280. https://doi.org/10.2307/3298565</p>
<p>Graham, V.A.W. (1988) Delimitation and infra-generic classification of <em>Justicia</em> (Acanthaceae). <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 43: 551–624. https://doi.org/10.2307/4129957</p>
<p>Hochstetter, C.F.F. (1843) Nova Genera Plantarum Africae. <em>Flora</em> 26: 69–83.</p>
<p>IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. IUCN Species Survival Commission, 38 pp. Available at: http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 10 June 2021)</p>
<p>JSTOR Global Plants (2021) JSTOR Global Plants. Available at: http://plants.jstor.org/ (accessed 11 June 2021)</p>
<p>Kameyama, C. (1995) Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Acanthaceae. <em>Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo</em> 14: 181–206. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9052.v14i0p181-206</p>
<p>Kameyama, C. (2003) Flora de Grão Mogol, Minas Gerais: Acanthaceae. <em>Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo</em> 21: 51–53. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9052.v21i1p51-53</p>
<p>Kameyama, C. (2006) Flora da Reserva Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil: Acanthaceae. <em>Rodriguésia </em>57: 149–154. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200657201</p>
<p>Kiel, C.A., Daniel, T.F., Darbyshire, I. & McDade, L.A. (2017) Unraveling relationships in the morphologically diverse and taxonomically challenging ‘justicioid’ lineage (Acanthaceae, Justicieae). <em>Taxon</em> 66: 645–674. https://doi.org/10.12705/663.8</p>
<p>Kiel, C.A., Daniel, T.F. & McDade, L.A. (2018) Phylogenetics of New World ‘justicioids” (Justicieae: Acanthaceae): Major lineages, morphological patterns, and widespread incongruence with classification. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 43: 459–484. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364418X697201</p>
<p>Lindau, G. (1895) Acanthaceae. <em>In</em>: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds.) <em>Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien.</em> Vol. 4 (3b). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 274–354.</p>
<p>Lindau, G. (1900) Acanthaceae. <em>In</em>: Urban, I. (ed.) <em>Symbolae Antillanae seu Fundamenta Florae Indiae Occidentalis</em> 2: 170–254.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753)<em> Species Plantarum 1</em>. Laurentii Salvius, Stockolm, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Nees Von Esenbeck, C.G. (1832) Acanthaceae Indiae Orientalis.<em> In: </em>Wallich, N. (Ed.) <em>Plantae Asiaticae Rariores</em>, Treuttel, Würtz & Ritter, London, pp.70–117.</p>
<p>Nees Von Esenbeck, C.G. (1847) Acanthaceae. <em>In</em>: von Martins, K.F.P. & Eicliler, A.G. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em> 9. F. Fleischer, Lipsiae, pp. 1–164.</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2016) QGIS 2.14.19 Brighton software. Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available at: http://doc.qgis.org (accessed 15 June 2021)</p>
<p>Reis, A.S., Gil, A.S.B. & Kameyama, C. (2017) Flora das Cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Acanthaceae. <em>Rodriguésia </em>68: 887–903.</p>
<p>Sartin, R.D. (2015) <em>O gênero Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) no estado de Goiás</em>. Master’s dissertation. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 132 pp.</p>
<p>Silva, F.A. (2019) <em>O gênero Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) no estado do Pará, Brasil</em>. Master’s dissertation. Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Pará, 165pp.</p>
<p>Silva, F.A., Gil, A.S.B. & Kameyama, C. (2019a) <em>Justicia</em> <em>carajensis</em>, a new species of Acanthaceae from the Serra dos Carajás, Pará. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 388: 266–274. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.388.4.2</p>
<p>Silva, F.A., Gil, A.S.B., Reis, A.S., Fernandes-Júnior, A.J., Luz, C.F.P. & Kameyama, C. (2019b) Three new species of <em>Justicia</em> L. (Acanthaceae) from Brazil. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 44: 697–707. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364419X15620114943855</p>
<p>Solms-Laubach, H.M.C.L.F. (1867) Acanthaceae. <em>In</em>: Schweinfurth, G. (Ed.) <em>Beitragzur flora Aethiopiens</em>. Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin, pp. 102–114.</p>
<p>Thiers B (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 1 September 2021)</p>