Abstract
A new species of Koorchaloma is described based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU and RPB2. Phylogenetic analyses showed our strain clusters with K. europaea with moderate statistical support. Koorchaloma oryzae sp. nov. is morphologically similar to K. europaea, but it can be distinguished by the conidiophores and conidia, while ITS pairwise nucleotide comparison of these two species also revealed differences. Koorchaloma oryzae is compared with all known Koorchaloma species, and a key to Koorchaloma species is provided. Genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition analysis (PHI test) results of the new species and closely related species are also given.
References
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<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>In</em>: <em>2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE).</em> New Orleans, Louisiana, November 2010. pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Nag Raj, T. (1984) <em>Koorchaloma</em>, <em>Koorchalomella</em>, and <em>Kananascus</em> <em>gen. nov.</em> <em>Mycotaxon</em> 19: 167–212.</p>
<p>Nag Raj, T. (1993) Coelomycetous anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo, pp. 1–1101.</p>
<p>Quaedvlieg, W., Binder, M., Groenewald, J.Z., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie, A.J., Burgess, T.I. & Crous, P.W. (2014) Introducing the consolidated species concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae. <em>Persoonia</em> 33: 1–40. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X681981</p>
<p>Sarma, V.V., Newell, S. & Hyde, K.D. (2001) <em>Koorchaloma spartinicola</em> <em>sp. nov.</em>, a new marine sporodochial fungus from <em>Spartina alterniflora</em>. <em>Botanica Marina</em> 44: 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2001.041</p>
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<p>Species Fungorum (2021). Available online: http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp (accessed 12 August 2021)</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 57: 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642</p>
<p>Subramanian, C. (1953) <em>Koorchaloma</em>, a new genus of the Tuberculariaceae. <em>Journal of the Indian Botanical Society</em> 32: 123–126.</p>
<p>Tibpromma, S., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Bhat, D.J., Phillips, A.J., Wanasinghe, D.N., Samarakoon, M.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Dissanayake, A.J. & Tennakoon, D.S. (2018) Fungal diversity notes 840–928: micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 93: 1–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0408-6</p>
<p>Treigienë, A. (2006) New species of <em>Kananascus </em>and its anamorph from<em> Lithuania</em>. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 96: 173–180.</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications </em>18: 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
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<p>Buchan, A., Newell, S.Y., Moreta, J.I.L. & Moran, M.A. (2002) Analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rRNA genes in fungal communities in a southeastern U.S. salt marsh. <em>Microbial Ecology</em> 43: 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-001-1062-0</p>
<p>Capella-Gutiérrez, S., Silla-Martínez, J.M. & Gabaldón, T. (2009) trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 25: 1972–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348</p>
<p>Dissanayake, A., Bhunjun, C., Maharachchikumbura, S. & Liu, J.K. (2020) Applied aspects of methods to infer phylogenetic relationships amongst fungi. <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 2652–2676. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/18</p>
<p>Huson, D.H. & Bryant, D. (2006) Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 23: 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj030</p>
<p>Hyde, K.D. & Goh, T. (1998) <em>Koorchaloma novojournalis</em> <em>sp. nov.</em>, a new sporodochial fungus from Hong Kong. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 1: 193–197.</p>
<p>Hyde, K.D., Norphanphoun, C., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G., Bundhun, D., Chen, Y.J., Bao, D.F., Boonmee, S., Calabon, M.S., Chaiwan, N., Chethana, K.W.T., Dai, D.Q., Dayarathne, M.C., Devadatha, B., Dissanayake, A.J., Dissanayake, L.S., Doilom, M., Dong, W., Fan, X.L., Goonasekara, I.D., Hongsanan, S., Huang, S.K., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Karunarathna, A., Konta, S., Kumar, V., Lin, C.G., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Luangsa‑ard, J., Lumyong, S., Luo, Z.L., Marasinghe, D.S., McKenzie, E.H.C., Niego, A.G.T., Niranjan, M., Perera, R.H., Phukhamsakda, C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Samarakoon, M.C., Samarakoon, S.M.B.C., Sarma, V.V., Senanayake, I.C., Shang, Q.J., Stadler, M., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wei, D.P., Wijayawardene, N.N., Xiao, Y.P., Yang, J., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, S.N. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Refined families of Sordariomycetes. <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 305–1059. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7</p>
<p>Index Fungorum (2021) Available online: http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp (accessed on 12 August 2021).</p>
<p>Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, D.J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.A., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspé, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selçuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., de Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The faces of fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. <em>Fungal Diversity </em>74: 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8</p>
<p>Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. <em>Briefings in Bioinformatics</em> 20: 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108</p>
<p>Kohlmeyer, J. & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. (2001) Fungi on <em>Juncus roemerianus</em>. 16. More new Coelomycetes, including <em>Tetranacriella</em>, <em>gen. nov.</em> <em>Botanica Marina</em> 44: 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2001.020</p>
<p>Li, W.J., McKenzie, E.H.C, Liu, J.K., Bhat, D.J., Dai, D.Q., Camporesi, E., Tian, Q., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N, Luo, Z.L. & Shang, Q.J. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 100: 279–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00440-y</p>
<p>Liu, Y.J., Whelen, S. & Hall, B.D. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 16: 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>In</em>: <em>2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE).</em> New Orleans, Louisiana, November 2010. pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Nag Raj, T. (1984) <em>Koorchaloma</em>, <em>Koorchalomella</em>, and <em>Kananascus</em> <em>gen. nov.</em> <em>Mycotaxon</em> 19: 167–212.</p>
<p>Nag Raj, T. (1993) Coelomycetous anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo, pp. 1–1101.</p>
<p>Quaedvlieg, W., Binder, M., Groenewald, J.Z., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie, A.J., Burgess, T.I. & Crous, P.W. (2014) Introducing the consolidated species concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae. <em>Persoonia</em> 33: 1–40. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X681981</p>
<p>Sarma, V.V., Newell, S. & Hyde, K.D. (2001) <em>Koorchaloma spartinicola</em> <em>sp. nov.</em>, a new marine sporodochial fungus from <em>Spartina alterniflora</em>. <em>Botanica Marina</em> 44: 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2001.041</p>
<p>Senanayake, I., Rathnayake, A., Marasinghe, D., Calabon, M., Gentekaki, E. & Lee, H. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20</p>
<p>Species Fungorum (2021). Available online: http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp (accessed 12 August 2021)</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 57: 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642</p>
<p>Subramanian, C. (1953) <em>Koorchaloma</em>, a new genus of the Tuberculariaceae. <em>Journal of the Indian Botanical Society</em> 32: 123–126.</p>
<p>Tibpromma, S., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Bhat, D.J., Phillips, A.J., Wanasinghe, D.N., Samarakoon, M.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Dissanayake, A.J. & Tennakoon, D.S. (2018) Fungal diversity notes 840–928: micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 93: 1–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0408-6</p>
<p>Treigienë, A. (2006) New species of <em>Kananascus </em>and its anamorph from<em> Lithuania</em>. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 96: 173–180.</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications </em>18: 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
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