Abstract
During a survey of entomopathogenetic fungi from Southwest China, a new species, Paracremonium lepidopterorum was isolated from a pupa. It differs from other Paracremonium species by its shorter cylindrical phialides and absence of slimy head of conidia and chlamydospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined datasets of ITS+LSU+TUB confirmed that P. lepidopterorum is distinct from other species. The new species is formally described and illustrated, and compared to similar species.
References
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<p>Swofford, D.L. (2002) <em>PAUP* 4.0b10: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). </em>Sunderland, MA, Sinauer.</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution </em>30: 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197</p>
<p>Vaidya, G., Lohman, D.J. & Meier, R. (2011) SequenceMatrix: concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi-gene datasets with character set and codon information. <em>Cladistics </em>27 (2): 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197</p>
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<p>Chen, W.H., Liu, C., Han, Y.F., Liang, J.D., Tian, W.Y. & Liang, Z.Q. (2019) Three novel insect-associated species of <em>Simplicillium</em> (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from Southwest China. <em>MycoKeys </em>58: 83. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.58.37176</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Burgess, T.I., Carnegie, A.J., Hardy, G.S.J., Smith, D., Summerell, B.A., Cano-Lira, J.F., Guarro, J., Houbraken, J., Lombard, L., Martín, M.P., Sandoval-Denis, M., Alexandrova, A.V., Barnes, C.W., Baseia, I.G., Bezerra, J.D.P., Guarnaccia, V., May, T.W., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Stchigel, A.M., Miller, A.N., Ordoñez, M.E., Abreu, V.P., Accioly, T., Agnello, C., Agustin Colmán, A., Albuquerque, C.C., Alfredo, D.S., Alvarado, P., Araújo-Magalhães, G.R., Arauzo, S., Atkinson, T., Barili, A., Barreto, R.W., Bezerra, J.L., Cabral, T.S., Rodríguez, F.C., Cruz, R.H.S.F., Daniëls, P.P., da Silva, B.D.B., de Almeida, D.A.C., de Carvalho Júnior, A.A., Decock, C.A., Delgat, L., Denman, S., Dimitrov, R.A., Edwards, J., Fedosova, A.G., Ferreira, R.J., Firmino, A.L., Flores, J.A., García, D., Gené, J., Giraldo, A., Góis, J.S., Gomes, A.A.M., Gonçalves, C.M., Gouliamova, D.E., Groenewald, M., Guéorguiev, B.V., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gusmão, L.F.P., Hosaka, K., Hubka, V., Huhndorf, S.M., Jadan, M., Jurjević, Ž., Kraak, B., Kučera, V., Kumar, T.K.A., Kušan, I., Lacerda, S.R., Lamlertthon, S., Lisboa, W.S., Loizides, M., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lysková, P., Mac Cormack, W.P., Macedo, D.M., Machado, A.R., Malysheva, E.F., Marinho, P., Matočec, N., Meijer, M., Mešić, A., Mongkolsamrit, S., Moreira, K.A., Morozova, O.V., Nair, K.U., Nakamura, N., Noisripoom, W., Olariaga, I., Oliveira, R.J.V., Paiva, L.M., Pawar, P., Pereira, O.L., Peterson, S.W., Prieto, M., Rodríguez-Andrade, E., Rojo De Blas, C., Roy, M., Santos, E.S., Sharma, R., Silva, G.A., Souza-Motta, C.M., Takeuchi-Kaneko, Y., Tanaka, C., Thakur, A., Smith, M.T., Tkalčec, Z., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., van der Kleij, P., Verbeken, A., Viana, M.G., Wang, X.W., Groenewald, J.Z. & Lombard, L. (2017) Fungal Planet description sheets: 625–715. <em>Persoonia</em> 39: 270. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.11</p>
<p>Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. <em>Nature Methods</em> 9 (8): 772–772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109</p>
<p>Drummond, A. & Rambaut, A. (2007) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology </em>7: 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-214</p>
<p>Glass, N.L. & Donaldson, G.C. (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. <em>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</em> 61 (4): 1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Liang, J.D., Han, Y.F., Zhang, J.W., Du, W., Liang, Z.Q. & Li, Z.Z. (2011) Optimal culture conditions for keratinase production by a novel thermophilic <em>Myceliophthora thermophila</em> strain GZUIFR-H49-1. <em>Journal of Applied Microbiology</em> 110: 871–880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04949.x</p>
<p>Lombard, L., Van der Merwe, N.A., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2015) Generic concepts in Nectriaceae. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 80: 189–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.12.002</p>
<p>Lynch, S.C., Twizeyimana, M., Mayorquin, J.S., Wang, D.H., Na, F., Kayim, M., Kasson, M.T., Thu, P.Q., Bateman, C., Rugman-Jones, P., Hulcr, J., Stouthamer, R. & Hulcr, J. (2016) Identification, pathogenicity and abundance of <em>Paracremonium pembeum</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> and <em>Graphium euwallaceae</em> <em>sp. nov.</em>—two newly discovered mycangial associates of the polyphagous shot hole borer (<em>Euwallacea</em> sp.) in California. <em>Mycologia</em> 108 (2): 313–329. https://doi.org/10.3852/15-063</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. <em>Organisms Diversity & Evolution</em> 12 (4): 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2002) <em>PAUP* 4.0b10: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). </em>Sunderland, MA, Sinauer.</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution </em>30: 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197</p>
<p>Vaidya, G., Lohman, D.J. & Meier, R. (2011) SequenceMatrix: concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi-gene datasets with character set and codon information. <em>Cladistics </em>27 (2): 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.<em> In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications</em>. Academic Press, New York. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Zhang, Z.F., Liu, F., Zhou, X., Liu, X.Z., Liu, S.J. & Cai, L. (2017) Culturable mycobiota from Karst caves in China, with descriptions of 20 new species. <em>Persoonia</em> 39: 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.01</p>
<p>Zhang, Z.F., Zhou, S.Y., Eurwilaichitr, L., Ingsriswang, S., Raza, M., Chen, Q., Zhao, P., Liu, F. & Cai, L. (2020) Culturable mycobiota from Karst caves in China II, with descriptions of 33 new species. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 106: 29–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00453-7</p>
<p>Zou, X., Liu, A.Y., Liang, Z.Q., Han, Y.F. & Yang, M. (2010) <em>Hirsutella liboensis</em>, a new entomopathogenic species affecting Cossidae (Lepidoptera) in China.<em> Mycotaxon</em> 111 (1): 39–44. https://doi.org/10.5248/111.39</p>