Abstract
Galerina variibasidia, a new species in the Hymenogastraceae, was discovered in Arxan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. This species is presented with morphological description, illustrations, and supported by phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses with the internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequences.
References
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Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0
Singer, R. (1950) Naucoria Fries ? ??????? ????? ? ????. In: Plantae Cryptogamae a prof. V.P. Savicz redactae. Acta Instituti Botanici Nomine V.L. Komarov Academiae Scientiarum, series II, 6: 413–498.
Smith, A.H. (1953) New species of Galerina from North America. Mycologia 45: 892–925. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1953.12024323
Smith, A.H. & Singer, R. (1964) A monograph on the genus Galerina Earle. Hafner Publ. Co., New York, 384 pp.
Smith, A.H. & Singer, R. (1955) New species of Galerina. Mycologia 47: 557–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1955.12024476
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The Clustal_X Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
Wood, A.E. (2001) Studies in the genus Galerina (Agaricales) in Australia. Australia Systematic Botany 14: 615–676. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB99016
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications- Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Earle, F.S. (1909) The genera of the North American gill fungi. Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden 5: 373–451.
Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32: 1792–1797. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
Enjalbert, F., Cassanas, G., Rapior, S., Renault, C. & Chaumont, J.-P. (2004) Amatoxins in wood-rotting Galerina marginata. Mycologia 96: 720–729. https://doi.org/10.2307/3762106
Fries, E.M. (1821) Systema mycologicum, sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit, disposuit atque descripsit: Vol. II. Sect. 2. Gryphiswaldiae, Mauritius, pp. 275–620. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5378
Grzesiak, B. & Wolski, G.J. (2015) Bryophilous species of the genus Galerina in peat bogs of central Poland. Herzogia 28: 607–623. https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.28.2.2015.607
Gulden, G. (2010) Galerinas in cold climates. North American Fungi 5: 127–157.
Gulden, G. (2012) Galerina Earle. In: Knudsen, H. & Vesterholt, J. (eds.) Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera. Botanical Museum, Copenhagen, pp. 886–905.
Gulden, G. & Vesterholt, J. (1999) The genera Galerina and Phaeogalera (Basidiomycetes, Agaricales) on the Faroe Islands. Nordic Journal of Botany 19: 685–706. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1999.tb00679.x
Gulden, G., Dunham, S. & Stockman, J. (2001) DNA studies in the Galerina marginata complex. Mycological Research 105: 432–440. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201003707
Gulden, G., Stensrud, O., Shalchian-Tabrizi, K. & Kauserud, H. (2005) Galerina Earle: a polyphyletic genus in the consortium of dark-spored agarics. Mycologia 97: 823–837. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832774
Horak, E. & Miller, O.K. Jr. (1992) Phaeogalera and Galerina in arctic-subarctic Alaska (U.S.A.) and the Yukon Territory (Canada). Canadian Journal of Botany 70: 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1139/b92-055
Karsten, P.A. (1879), Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandinaviska halföns Hattsvampar. Vol. 1. Skifsvampar. – Bidrag Kännedom Finlands Natur Folk 32: p. i-xxviii, 1–571.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., David, J.C. (2001) Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the Fungi. 9th ed. CABI, Wallingford, 655 pp.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008) Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). CABI, Wallingford, 771 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998268.0000
Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen handbook of colour. Eyre Methuen, London, 252 pp.
Kühner, R. (1935) Le genre Galera (Fries) Quélet. Paul Chevalier, Paris, 7: 225
Matheny, P.B., Curtis, J.M. & Hofstetter, V. (2006) Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview. Mycological Progress 98: 982–995. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832627
Persoon, C.H. (1797) Tentamen dispositionis methodicae fungorum in classes, ordines, genera et familias. Cum supplemento adjecto. Pritzel, Lipsiae (2nd ed.), 76 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42674
Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817
Rambaut, A. (2016) FigTree v1.4.3. [http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/]
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0
Singer, R. (1950) Naucoria Fries ? ??????? ????? ? ????. In: Plantae Cryptogamae a prof. V.P. Savicz redactae. Acta Instituti Botanici Nomine V.L. Komarov Academiae Scientiarum, series II, 6: 413–498.
Smith, A.H. (1953) New species of Galerina from North America. Mycologia 45: 892–925. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1953.12024323
Smith, A.H. & Singer, R. (1964) A monograph on the genus Galerina Earle. Hafner Publ. Co., New York, 384 pp.
Smith, A.H. & Singer, R. (1955) New species of Galerina. Mycologia 47: 557–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1955.12024476
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The Clustal_X Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
Wood, A.E. (2001) Studies in the genus Galerina (Agaricales) in Australia. Australia Systematic Botany 14: 615–676. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB99016
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications- Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1