Abstract
Galerina variibasidia, a new species in the Hymenogastraceae, was discovered in Arxan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. This species is presented with morphological description, illustrations, and supported by phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses with the internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequences.
References
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<p>Horak, E. & Miller, O.K. Jr. (1992) <em>Phaeogalera</em> and <em>Galerina</em> in arctic-subarctic Alaska (U.S.A.) and the Yukon Territory (Canada). <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 70: 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1139/b92-055</p>
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<p>Kühner, R. (1935) <em>Le genre </em>Galera<em> (Fries) Quélet</em>. Paul Chevalier, Paris, 7: 225</p>
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<p>Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817</p>
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<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
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<p>Singer, R. (1950) <em>Naucoria</em> Fries и влизкие рольі в СССР. <em>In</em>: Plantae Cryptogamae a prof. V.P. Savicz redactae.<em> Acta Instituti Botanici Nomine V.L. Komarov Academiae Scientiarum</em>, series II, 6: 413–498.</p>
<p>Smith, A.H. (1953) New species of <em>Galerina</em> from North America. <em>Mycologia</em> 45: 892–925. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1953.12024323</p>
<p>Smith, A.H. & Singer, R. (1964) <em>A monograph on the genus </em>Galerina<em> Earle</em>. Hafner Publ. Co., New York, 384 pp.</p>
<p>Smith, A.H. & Singer, R. (1955) New species of <em>Galerina</em>. <em>Mycologia </em>47: 557–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1955.12024476</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods.<em> Molecular Biology and Evolution </em>28: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121</p>
<p>Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The Clustal_X Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876</p>
<p>Wood, A.E. (2001) Studies in the genus <em>Galerina</em> (Agaricales) in Australia. <em>Australia Systematic Botany</em> 14: 615–676. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB99016</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In</em>: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications</em>- Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Earle, F.S. (1909) The genera of the North American gill fungi. <em>Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden</em> 5: 373–451.</p>
<p>Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em>, 32: 1792–1797. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340</p>
<p>Enjalbert, F., Cassanas, G., Rapior, S., Renault, C. & Chaumont, J.-P. (2004) Amatoxins in wood-rotting <em>Galerina marginata</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 96: 720–729. https://doi.org/10.2307/3762106</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1821) <em>Systema mycologicum, sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit, disposuit atque descripsit: Vol. II. Sect. 2.</em> Gryphiswaldiae, Mauritius, pp. 275–620. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5378</p>
<p>Grzesiak, B. & Wolski, G.J. (2015) Bryophilous species of the genus <em>Galerina</em> in peat bogs of central Poland.<em> Herzogia</em> 28: 607–623. https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.28.2.2015.607</p>
<p>Gulden, G. (2010) <em>Galerinas</em> in cold climates. <em>North American Fungi</em> 5: 127–157.</p>
<p>Gulden, G. (2012) <em>Galerina</em> Earle. <em>In</em>: Knudsen, H. & Vesterholt, J. (eds.) <em>Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera</em>. Botanical Museum, Copenhagen, pp. 886–905.</p>
<p>Gulden, G. & Vesterholt, J. (1999) The genera <em>Galerina</em> and <em>Phaeogalera</em> (Basidiomycetes, Agaricales) on the Faroe Islands. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 19: 685–706. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1999.tb00679.x</p>
<p>Gulden, G., Dunham, S. & Stockman, J. (2001) DNA studies in the <em>Galerina</em> <em>marginata</em> complex. <em>Mycological Research</em> 105: 432–440. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201003707</p>
<p>Gulden, G., Stensrud, O., Shalchian-Tabrizi, K. & Kauserud, H. (2005)<em> Galerina</em> Earle: a polyphyletic genus in the consortium of dark-spored agarics.<em> Mycologia</em> 97: 823–837. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832774</p>
<p>Horak, E. & Miller, O.K. Jr. (1992) <em>Phaeogalera</em> and <em>Galerina</em> in arctic-subarctic Alaska (U.S.A.) and the Yukon Territory (Canada). <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 70: 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1139/b92-055</p>
<p>Karsten, P.A. (1879), <em>Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandinaviska halföns Hattsvampar</em>. Vol. 1. Skifsvampar. – Bidrag Kännedom Finlands Natur Folk 32: p. i-xxviii, 1–571.</p>
<p>Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., David, J.C. (2001)<em> Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the Fungi. 9th ed. </em>CABI, Wallingford, 655 pp.</p>
<p>Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008) <em>Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.)</em>. CABI, Wallingford, 771 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998268.0000</p>
<p>Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) <em>Methuen handbook of colour</em>. Eyre Methuen, London, 252 pp.</p>
<p>Kühner, R. (1935) <em>Le genre </em>Galera<em> (Fries) Quélet</em>. Paul Chevalier, Paris, 7: 225</p>
<p>Matheny, P.B., Curtis, J.M. & Hofstetter, V. (2006) Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview.<em> Mycological Progress</em> 98: 982–995. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832627</p>
<p>Persoon, C.H. (1797) <em>Tentamen dispositionis methodicae fungorum in classes, ordines, genera et familias. Cum supplemento adjecto</em>. Pritzel, Lipsiae (2nd ed.), 76 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42674</p>
<p>Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2016) FigTree v1.4.3. [http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/]</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1950) <em>Naucoria</em> Fries и влизкие рольі в СССР. <em>In</em>: Plantae Cryptogamae a prof. V.P. Savicz redactae.<em> Acta Instituti Botanici Nomine V.L. Komarov Academiae Scientiarum</em>, series II, 6: 413–498.</p>
<p>Smith, A.H. (1953) New species of <em>Galerina</em> from North America. <em>Mycologia</em> 45: 892–925. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1953.12024323</p>
<p>Smith, A.H. & Singer, R. (1964) <em>A monograph on the genus </em>Galerina<em> Earle</em>. Hafner Publ. Co., New York, 384 pp.</p>
<p>Smith, A.H. & Singer, R. (1955) New species of <em>Galerina</em>. <em>Mycologia </em>47: 557–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1955.12024476</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods.<em> Molecular Biology and Evolution </em>28: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121</p>
<p>Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The Clustal_X Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876</p>
<p>Wood, A.E. (2001) Studies in the genus <em>Galerina</em> (Agaricales) in Australia. <em>Australia Systematic Botany</em> 14: 615–676. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB99016</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In</em>: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications</em>- Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>