Abstract
Two new species, one in the genus Incendia, and one in Seiria, are illustrated and described here from mesophotic peyssonnelioid specimens collected in the Hawaiian Islands based on molecular and morphological analyses. Both genera are reported from Hawai‘i for the first time. Incendia lisianskiensis sp. nov. differs from the other nine described members of the genus by its lack of hair cells, by the perithallial filaments arising at a more or less 90º angle from the hypothallus, while Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. is distinguished from the only other described species, S. magnifusa, by its lack of obvious and well-developed perithallial cell fusions. With the description of these two species the total number of recognized Hawaiian members of the Peyssonneliales rises to nine. Previously recorded species included Peyssonnelia conchicola, P. inamoena, P. japonica, P. rubra, Ramicrusta hawaiiensis, R. lehuensis, and Sonderophycus copusii.
References
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<p>Zhang, D.R. & Zhou, J.H. (1981) <em>Ramicrusta</em>, a new genus of Peyssonneliaceae. <em>Oceanologia Limnologia Sinica</em> 12: 538–544.</p>
<p>DeSalle, R. & Goldstein, P. (2019) Review and interpretation of trends in DNA barcoding. <em>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</em> 10: https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00302</p>
<p>Dixon, K.R. (2018) Peyssonneliales. <em>In:</em> Huisman, J.M. (Ed.)<em> Algae of Australia. Marine benthic algae of north-western Australia. 2. Red algae.</em> Canberra & Melbourne: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 208–244.</p>
<p>Dixon, K.R. & Saunders, G.W. (2013) DNA barcoding and phylogenetics of <em>Ramicrusta</em> and <em>Incendia</em> gen. nov., two early diverging lineages of the Peyssonneliaceae (Rhodophyta). <em>Phycologia</em> 52: 82–108. https://doi.org/10.2216/12-62.1</p>
<p>Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity. <em>BMC Bioinformatics</em> 5: 113.</p>
<p>Freshwater, D.W. & Rueness, J. (1994) Phylogenetic relationships of some European <em>Gelidium</em> (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) species, based on <em>rbcL</em> nucleotide sequence analysis. <em>Phycologia</em> 33: 187–194. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-33-3-187.1</p>
<p>Gavio, B. & Fredericq, S. (2002) <em>Grateloupia turuturu</em> (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) is the correct name of the non-native species in the Atlantic known as <em>Grateloupia doryphora</em>. <em>European Journal of Phycology</em> 37: 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967026202003839</p>
<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P., Ronquist, F. & Hall, B. (2003) MrBayes: a program for the Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Version 3.0 b4</p>
<p>Kang, J.C. & Kim, M.S. (2013) A novel species <em>Symphyocladia glabra sp. nov.</em> (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Korea based on morphological and molecular analyses. <em>ALGAE</em> 28: 149–160. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2013.28.2.149</p>
<p>Kato, A., Baba, M., Kawai, H. & Masuda, M. (2006) Reassessment of the little-known crustose red algal genus <em>Polystrata</em> (Gigartinales), based on morphology and SSU rDNA sequences. <em>Journal of Phycology</em> 42: 922–933. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00238.x</p>
<p>Kim, M.S., Kim, S.Y. & Nelson, W. (2010) <em>Symphyocladia lithophila sp. nov.</em> (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales), a new Korean red algal species based on morphology and <em>rbc</em>L sequences. <em>Botanica Marina</em> 53: 233–241. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2010.031</p>
<p>Krayesky, D.M., Norris, J.N., Gabrielson, P.W., Gabriel, D. & Fredericq, S. (2009) A new order of red algae based on the Peyssonneliaceae, with an evaluation of the ordinal classification of the Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta). <em>Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington</em> 122: 364–391. https://doi.org/10.2988/08-43.1</p>
<p>Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2017) PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 34: 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260</p>
<p>Le Gall, L. & Saunders, G.W. (2010) DNA barcoding is a powerful tool to uncover algal diversity: a case study of the Phyllophoraceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in the Canadian flora. <em>Journal of Phycology</em> 46: 374–389. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00807.x</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>In: 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). </em>IEEE, New Orleans, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Pestana, E.M.S., Lyra, G.M., Santos, G.N., Santos, C.C., Cassano, V. & Nunes, J.M.C. (2020) Integrative approach reveals underestimated Peyssonneliales diversity in Brazil: registering the first occurrence of <em>Ramicrusta</em> and <em>Incendia</em>, with the description of three new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 439: 39–55. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.1.2</p>
<p>Pueschel, C.M. & Saunders, G.W. (2009) <em>Ramicrusta textilis</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Peyssonneliaceae, Rhodophyta), an anatomically complex Caribbean alga that overgrows corals. <em>Phycologia</em> 48: 480–491. https://doi.org/10.2216/09-04.1</p>
<p>Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Posterior summarisation in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 67: 901–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032</p>
<p>Saunders, G.W. & Moore, T.E. (2013) Refinements for the amplification and sequencing of red algal DNA barcode and RedToL phylogenetic markers: a summary of current primers, profiles and strategies. <em>ALGAE</em> 28: 31–43. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2013.28.1.031</p>
<p>Sherwood, A.R., Paiano, M.O., Spalding, H.L. & Kosaki, R.K. (2020) Biodiversity of Hawaiian Peyssonneliales (Rhodophyta). 2. <em>Sonderophycus copusii</em>, a new species from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. <em>ALGAE</em> 35: 145–155. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2020.35.5.20</p>
<p>Sherwood, A.R., Paiano, M.O., Wade, R.M., Cabrera, F.P., Spalding, H.L. & Kosaki, R.K. (2021a). Biodiversity of Hawaiian Peyssonneliales (Rhodophyta). 1. Two new species in the genus <em>Ramicrusta</em> from Lehua Island. <em>Pacific Science</em> 75: 185–195. https://doi.org/10.2984/75.2.2</p>
<p>Sherwood, A.R., Paiano, M.O., Cabrera, F.P., Spalding, H.L., Hauk, B.B. & Kosaki, R.K. (2021b). <em>Ethelia hawaiiensis</em> (Etheliaceae, Rhodophyta), a new mesophotic marine alga from Manawai (Pearl and Hermes Atoll), Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Hawaiʻi. <em>Pacific Science</em> 75: 237–246. https://doi.org/10.2984/75.2.6</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Stecher, G., Tamura, K. & Kumar, S. (2020) Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) for macOS. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 37: 1237–1239. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz312</p>
<p>Zhang, D.R. & Zhou, J.H. (1981) <em>Ramicrusta</em>, a new genus of Peyssonneliaceae. <em>Oceanologia Limnologia Sinica</em> 12: 538–544.</p>