Abstract
Gamochaeta (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) consists of about 60 species primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical America. Gamochaeta americana and G. coarctata are closely related species that have been mainly differentiated by its phyllary apices, plant height, width of basal leaves, and involucre height. In order to evaluate whether G. americana and G. coarctata can be differentiated on a morphological basis, we performed a morphometric analysis. A matrix of 24 morphological characters and 99 specimens was analyzed using two multivariate approaches: Cluster Analysis and Principal Coordinate Analysis. Both, the dendrogram and the Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), showed that the two species are not clearly distinguished. No discriminating morphological characters for the two species have been found. In conclusion, all available data support that G. coarctata should be considered a synonym of G. americana. Lectotype is designated for Gnaphalium purpureum var. macrophyllum, and G. americana is described and illustrated.
References
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<p>Freire, S.E. & Iharlegui, L. (1997) Sinopsis preliminar del género <em>Gamochaeta </em>(Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae). <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica </em>33: 23–35.</p>
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<p>Freire, S.E., Salomón, L., Bayón, N.D., Baeza, C.M., Muñoz Schick, M. & Migoya, M.A. (2016) Taxonomic revision of the genus <em>Gamochaeta</em> (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) in Chile. <em>Gayana Botanica</em> 73 (2): 292–345. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432016000200292</p>
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<p>Gaudichaud, C. (1825) Rapport sur la Flore des Iles Malouines. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles</em> 5: 89–110.</p>
<p>Godfrey, R.K. (1958) A synopsis of <em>Gnaphalium</em> (Compositae) in the southeastern United States. <em>Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences</em> 21: 177–184.</p>
<p>Gower, J.C. (1971) A general coefficient of similarity and some of its properties. <em>Biometrics </em>27: 857–871. https://doi.org/10.2307/2528823</p>
<p>Greenman, J.M. (1904) New and Otherwise Noteworthy Angiosperms from Mexico and Central America. <em>Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</em> 39 (5): 69–120. https://doi.org/10.2307/20021858</p>
<p>Grossi, M.A., Gutiérrez, D.G., Berrueta, P.C. & Martínez, J.J. (2011) <em>Acanthostyles</em> (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae): a revision with a multivariate analysis. <em>Australian Systematic Botany</em> 24: 87–103. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB10038</p>
<p>Hammer, Ø. & Harper, D. (2006) Paleontological Data Analysis. Blackwell Publishing Malden, Oxford, 351 pp. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470750711</p>
<p>Hieronymus, G.H. (1900) Aloysinus Sodiro, S.J.: Plantae ecuadorenses. II. Compositae. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeshichte und Pflanzengeographie</em> 29: 1–85.</p>
<p>Hind, D.J.N. (2011) <em>An annotated preliminary checklist of the Compositae of Bolivia (Version 2). </em>Available from: http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/boliviacompositae/ (accessed 5 May 2021).</p>
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<p>Klatt, F.W. (1878) Die Gnaphalien Amerikas. Eine Studie. <em>Linnaea</em> 42 (1): 111–144.</p>
<p>Lamarck, J.B. (1788) <em>Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique</em>, vol. 2. Panckoucke, Paris, 774 pp.</p>
<p>Lopez Laphitz, R.M., Ma, Y. & Semple, J.C. (2011) A Multivariate Study of <em>Solidago</em> subsect. <em>Junceae</em> and a New Species in South America (Asteraceae: Astereae). <em>Novon </em>21: 219–225. https://doi.org/10.3417/2010088</p>
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