Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2021-10-22
Page range: 208-228
Abstract views: 297
PDF downloaded: 2

Morphology and phylogeny of Teratoramularia rumicis—a new foliar pathogen of Rumex crispus from India and diversity of Ramularioid complex on Rumex spp.

Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India 221005
Department of Botany, Madhav Rao Sapre Government College, Pathariya, Damoh, M.P., India 470666
Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India 221005
Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India 221005
anamorph glitter fungi plant disease taxonomic novelty Teratosphaeriaceae Fungi

Abstract

Teratoramularia rumicis, a new hyaline anamorphic foliicolous hyphomycetous fungus was discovered on living leaves of medicinally important plant Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae) is described and illustrated. It is an obligate foliar pathogen that causes silvery white foliar disease. It is the first report of Teratoramularia from India. This species is compared with closely related species of Teratoramularia and species of Ramularioid complex along with dematiaceous cercosporoid forms reported on the same host genus and family. The phylogeny of this species has been inferred from combined 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS) of the nrDNA operon.

References

Ahmed, S.S., Erum, S., Khan, S.M., Nawaz, M. & Wahid, A. (2014) Exploring the medicinal plants wealth: A traditional medico-botanical knowledge of local communities in Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 20: 1772–1779.

Arnone, A., Camarda, L., Nasini, G. & Assante, G. (1986) Secondary mould metabolites Part 15, Structure elucidation of rubellins A and B, two novel anthraquinone metabolites from Mycosphaerella rubella. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1039/p19860000255

Awasthi, N., Singh, R. & Kumar, S. (2016) A new species of Pseudocercosporella on Andrographis paniculata from Central India. Sydowia 68: 27–33.

Baskan, S., Daut-Özdemir, A., Günaydin, K. & Erim, F.B. (2007) Analysis of anthraquinones in Rumex crispus by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Talanta 71: 747–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.018

Bensch, K., Braun, U., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2012) The genus Cladosporium. Studies in Mycology 72: 1–401. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0003

Braun, U. (1988) Studies on Ramularia and allied genera (II). Nova Hedwigia 47: 335–349.

Braun, U. (1990) Studies on Ramularia and allied genera (III). Nova Hedwigia 50: 499–521.

Braun, U. (1991) Taxonomic problems of the Ramularia/Cercosporella complex. Studies in Mycology 32: 65–75.

Braun, U. (1992) Studies on Ramularia and allied genera (V). Nova Hedwigia 54: 459–478.

Braun, U. (1993) Taxonomic notes on some species of the Cercospora complex (II). Cryptogamic Botany 3: 235–244.

Braun, U. (1994) Studies on Ramularia and allied genera (VII). Nova Hedwigia 58: 191–222.

Braun, U. (1995) A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and allied genera (phytopathogenic hyphomycetes). Vol. 1. Eching, Germany: IHW-Verlag.

Braun, U. & Melnik, V.A. (1997) Cercosporoid fungi from Russia and adjacent countries. Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta im. V.L. Komarova 20: 1–130.

Braun, U. (1998) A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and allied genera (phytopathogenic hyphomycetes). Vol. 2. IHW-Verlag.

Braun, U. & Hill, C.F. (2004) Some new cercosporoid and related leaf spot diseases from New Zealand and Fiji. Australasian Plant Pathology 33: 485–494. https://doi.org/10.1071/AP04052

Butura, V. (1979) Romanian ethnobotany encyclopedia [in Romanian]. Bucharest, Romania: The Scientific and Encyclopedic Publishing.

Chupp, C. (1954) A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Ithaca, New York.

Coruh, I, Gormez, A, Ercisli, S & Sengul, M (2008) Total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of Rumex crispus grown wild in Turkey. Pharmaceutical Biology 46: 634–638. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200802182240

Crous, P.W., Kang, J-C. & Braun, U. (2001) A phylogenetic redefinition of anamorph genera in Mycosphaerella based on ITS rDNA sequence and morphology. Mycologia 93: 1081–1101. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761670

Crous, P.W., Braun, U. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2007) Mycosphaerella is polyphyletic. Studies in Mycology 58: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2007.58.01

Crous, P.W., Schoch, C.L., Hyde, K.D., Wood, A.R., Gueidan, C., de Hoog, G.S. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2009a) Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales. Studies in Mycology 64: 17–47. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.02

Crous, P.W., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie, A.J., Wingfield, M.J., Hunter, G.C., Burgess, T.I., Andjic, V., Barber, P.A. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2009b) Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do you believe in genera? Persoonia 23: 99–118. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X479487

Crous, P.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Summerell, B.A., Wingfield, B.D. & Wingfield, M.J. (2009c) Co-occurring species of Teratosphaeria on Eucalyptus. Persoonia 22: 38–48. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X424333

Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Guarro, J., Cheewangkoon, R., van der Bank, M., Swart, W.J., Stchigel, A.M., Cano-Lira, J.F., Roux, J., Madrid, H., Damm, U., Wood, A.R., Shuttleworth, L.A., Hodges, C.S., Munster, M., de Jesús Yáñez-Morales, M., Zúñiga-Estrada, L., Cruywagen, E.M., de Hoog, G.S., Silvera, C., Najafzadeh, J., Davison, E.M., Davison, P.J., Barrett, M.D., Barrett, R.L., Manamgoda, D.S., Minnis, A.M., Kleczewski, N.M., Flory, S.L., Castlebury, L.A., Clay, K., Hyde, K.D., Maússe-Sitoe, S.N., Chen, S., Lechat, C., Hairaud, M., Lesage-Meessen, L., Paw?owska, J., Wilk, M., Sliwi?ska-Wyrzychowska, A., M?trak, M., Wrzosek, M., Pavlic-Zupanc, D., Maleme, H.M., Slippers, B., Mac Cormack, W.P., Archuby, D.I., Grünwald, N.J., Tellería, M.T., Dueñas, M., Martín, M.P., Marincowitz, S., de Beer, Z.W., Perez, C.A., Gené, J., Marin-Felix, Y. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2013) Fungal Planet description sheets: 154–213. Persoonia 31: 188–296. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158513X675925

Crous, P.W., Shivas, R.G., Quaedvlieg, W., van der Bank, M., Zhang, Y., Summerell, B.A., Guarro, J., Wingfield, M.J., Wood, A.R., Alfenas, A.C., Braun, U., Cano-Lira, J.F., García, D., Marin-Felix, Y., Alvarado, P., Andrade, J.P., Armengol, J., Assefa, A., den Breeÿen, A., Camele, I., Cheewangkoon, R., De Souza, J.T., Duong, T.A., Esteve-Raventós, F., Fournier, J., Frisullo, S., García-Jiménez, J., Gardiennet, A., Gené, J., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Hirooka, Y., Hospenthal, D.R., King, A., Lechat, C., Lombard, L., Mang, S.M., Marbach, P.A., Marincowitz, S., Marin-Felix, Y., Montaño-Mata, N.J., Moreno, G., Perez, C.A., Pérez Sierra, A.M., Robertson, J.L., Roux, J., Rubio, E., Schumacher, R.K., Stchigel, A.M., Sutton, D.A., Tan, Y.P., Thompson, E.H., van der Linde, E., Walker, A.K., Walker, D.M., Wickes, B.L., Wong, P.T. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2014) Fungal Planet description sheets: 214–280. Persoonia 32: 184–306. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X682395

Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Burgess, T.I., Hardy, G.E.St.J., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Baseia, I.G., García, D., Gusmão, L.F.P., Souza-Motta, C.M., Thangavel, R., Adam?ík, S., Barili, A., Barnes, C.W., Bezerra, J.D.P., Bordallo, J.J., Cano-Lira, J.F., de Oliveira, R.J.V., Ercole, E., Hubka, V., Iturrieta-González, I., Kubátová, A., Martín, M.P., Moreau, P-A., Morte, A., Ordoñez, M.E., Rodríguez, A., Stchigel, A.M., Vizzini, A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abreu, V.P., Adam?íková, K., Albuquerque, G.M.R., Alexandrova, A.V., Álvarez, D.E., Armstrong-Cho, C., Banniza, S., Barbosa, R.N., Bellanger, J-M., Bezerra, J.L., Cabral, T.S., Cabo?, M., Caicedo, E., Cantillo, T., Carnegie, A.J., Carmo, L.T., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Clement, C.R., ?moková, A., Conceição, L.B., Cruz, R.H.S.F., Damm, U., da Silva, B.D.B., da Silva, G.A., da Silva, R.M.F., Santiago, A.L.C.M. de A., de Oliveira, L.F., de Souza, C.A.F., Déniel, F., Dima, B., Dong, G., Edwards, J., Félix, C.R., Fournier, J., Gibertoni, T.B., Hosaka, K., Iturriaga, T., Jadan, M., Jany, J-L., Jurjevi?, Ž., Kola?ík, M., Kušan, I., Landell, M.F., Leite Cordeiro, T.R., Lima, D.X., Loizides, M., Luo, S., Machado, A.R., Madrid, H., Magalhães, O.M.C., Marinho, P., Mato?ec, N., Meši?, A., Miller, A.N., Morozova, O.V., Neves, R.P., Nonaka, K., Nováková, A., Oberlies, N.H., Oliveira-Filho, J.R.C., Oliveira, T.G.L., Papp, V., Pereira, O.L., Perrone, G., Peterson, S.W., Pham, T.H.G., Raja, H.A., Raudabaugh, D.B., i?ehulka, J., Rodrìguez-Andrade, E., Saba, M., Schauflerov, Ã.A., Shivas, R.G., Simonini, G., Siqueira, J.P.Z., Sousa, J.O., Stajsic, V., Svetasheva, T., Tan, Y.P., Tkal?ec, Z., Ullah, S., Valente, P., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., Abrinbana, M., Viana Mrques, D.A., Wong, P.T.W., Xavier de Lima, V. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2018) Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784. Persoonia 40: 239–392. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.10

Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Cheewangkoon, R., Carnegie, A.J., Burgess, T.I., Summerell, B.A., Edwards, J., Taylor, P.W.J. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2019) Foliar pathogens of eucalypts. Studies in Mycology 94: 125–298 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.001

Deighton, F.C. (1973) Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. IV. Cercosporella Sacc., Pseudocercosporella gen. nov. and Pseudocercosporidium gen. nov. Mycological Papers 133: 1–62.

Denes, A., Papp, N., Babai, D., Czúcz, B. & Molnár, Z. (2013) Ehetö, vadon termö?növények és felhasználásuk a Kárpát-medencében élö magyarok körében néprajzi és etnobotanikai kutatások alapján. In: Andrea, D. (ed.) Ehetö vadnövények a Kárpát-medencében. Janus Pannonius Múzeum, Pécs 13: 35–76.

Ellis, J.B. (1881) New species of North American fungi. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 8: 64–66. https://doi.org/10.2307/2476745

Ellis, J.B. & Everhart, B.M. (1885) On Ramularia obovata, Fckl. The Journal of Mycology 1: 69–70. https://doi.org/10.2307/3752757

Ellis, J.B. & Kellerman, W.A. (1887) New Kansas Fungi. The Journal of Mycology 3: 102–105. https://doi.org/10.2307/3752340

Hall, T. (2007) Bioedit, Version 7.0.9. [Online]. Ibis Biosciences, Carlsbad 1997–2007.

Heiser, I., Sachs, E. & Liebermann, B. (2003) Photodynamic oxygen activation by rubellin D, a phytotoxin produced by Ramularia collo-cygni (Sutton et Waller). Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 62: 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-5765(03)00007-9

Hunter, G.C., Wingfield, B.D., Crous, P.W. & Wingfield, M.J. (2006) A multi-gene phylogeny for species of Mycosphaerella occurring on Eucalyptus leaves. Studies in Mycology 55: 147–61. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.55.1.147

Idris, O.A., Wintola, A.O. & Afolayan, A.J. (2017) Phytochemical and antioxidant activities of Rumex crispus L. in treatment of gastrointestinal helminths in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 7: 1071–1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.10.008

Idris, O.A., Wintola, A.O. & Afolayan, A.J. (2019a) Evaluation of the bioactivities of Rumex crispus L. leaves and root extracts using toxicity, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic assays. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 5: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6825297

Idris, O.A., Wintola, A.O. & Afolayan, A.J. (2019b) Comparison of the proximate composition, vitamins (ascorbic acid, ?-tocopherol and retinol), anti-nutrients (phytate and oxalate) and the GCMS analysis of the essential oil of the root and leaf of Rumex crispus L. Plants 8: 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8030051

Intorasoot, A., Chornchoem, P., Sookkhee, S. & Intorasoot, S. (2017) Bactericidal activity of herbal volatile oil extracts against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology 6: 218–222. https://doi.org/10.5455/jice.20170411091159

Kalchbrenner, K., Cooke, M.C. (1880) South African fungi. Grevillea 9: 17–34.

Kamal (2010) Cercosporoid fungi of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Deharadun, India, 351 pp.

Kirschner, R. (2009) Cercosporella and Ramularia. Mycologia 101: 110–119. https://doi.org/10.3852/07-038

Katoh, K. & Toh, H. (2010) Parallelization of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Bioinformatics 26: 1899–1900. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq224

Khodaparast, A. & Braun, U. (2005) Ramularia uredinicola–a new species from Iran. Mycotaxon 91: 357–359.

Kumar, S. & Singh, R. (2015a) Passalora musicola sp. nov. a new Indian hyphomycete. Sydowia 67: 21–23.

Kumar, S. & Singh, R. (2015b) Pseudocercospora bischofigena, a new cercosporoid fungus from northeastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Czech Mycology 67: 39–44. https://doi.org/10.33585/cmy.67105

Kumar, S. & Singh, R. (2016) Passalora caesalpiniicola sp. nov. from India on Caesalpinia bonduc. Mycotaxon 131: 25–30. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.25

Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35: 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096

Lee, K.H. & Rhee, K-H. (2013) Antimalarial activity of nepodin isolated from Rumex crispus. Archives of Pharmacal Research 36: 430–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-013-0055-0

Liu, L., Wang, C.L., Pengl, W.Y., Yang, J., Lan, M.Q., Zhang, B., Li, J.B., Zhu, J.J. & Li, C.Y. (2015) Direct DNA extraction method of an obligate parasitic fungus from infected plant tissue. Genetics and Molecular Research 14: 18546–18551. https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.December.28.1

Lundell, S. & Nannfeldt, J.A. (1950) Fungi Exsiccati Suecici. Fasc 39–40. pp. 1901–2000.

Maryam, M.S., Parvin, S. & Mahboobeh, M. (2013) Evaluation of antibacterial activity of extract of Rumex alveollatus leaf against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 15: 58–61.

Miethbauer, S., Haase, S., Schmidtke, K.U., Günther, W., Heiser, I. & Liebermann, B. (2006) Biosynthesis of photodynamically active rubellins and structure of new anthraquinone derivatives produced by Ramularia collo-cygni. Phytochemistry 67: 1206–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.05.003

Miethbauer, S., Heiser, I. & Liebermann, B. (2003) The phytopathogenic fungus Ramularia collo-cygni produces biologically active rubellins on infected barley leaves. Journal of Phytopathology 151: 665–668. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.2003.00783.x

Moerman, D. (2003) Native American ethnobotany. Timber Press, 927 pp.

Mostafa, H.A.M., Elbakry, A.A. & Eman, A.A. (2011) Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of different plant parts of Rumex vesicarius L. (polygonaceae) International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3: 109–118.

Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2000) Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, New York, 348 pp.

Orbán-Gyapai, O., Liktor-Busa, E. & Kúsz, N. (2017) Antibacterial screening of Rumex species native to the Carpathian Basin and bioactivity-guided isolation of compounds from Rumex aquaticus. Fitoterapia 118: 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2017.03.009

Pandotra, V.R. & Ganguly, D. (1964) Fungi on medicinal and aromatic plants in the North West Himalayas III. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 24: 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02049436

Pareek, A. & Kumar, A. (2014) Rumex crispus L.–a plant of traditional value. Drug Discovery 9: 20–23.

Pavgi, M.S. & Singh, U.P. (1964) Parasitic fungi from north India. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 23: 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02068454

Peterson, L.A. (1999) Peterson Field Guides: Edible Wild Plants: Eastern and Central North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, 352 pp.

Picbauer, R. (1937) Fungi bulgarici a Dre Fr. Bubák lecti. Annales Mycologici 35: 138–148.

Quaedvlieg, W., Binder, M., Groenewald, J.Z., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie, A.J., Burgess, T.I. & Crous, P.W. (2014) Introducing the Consolidated Species Concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae. Persoonia 33: 1–40. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X681981

Rannala, B. & Yang, Z. (1996) Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. Journal of Molecular Evolution 43: 304–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02338839

Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D., Darling, A., Ohna, S.H., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Effcient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systmatic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029

Saccardo, P.A. (1880) Conspectus generum fungorum Italiae inferiorum nempe ad Sphaeropsideas, Melanconieas et Hyphomyceteas pertinentium systemate sporologico dispositorum. Michelia 2: 1–38.

Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033

Sabo, V.A., Svircev, E., Mimica-Dukic, N., Orcic, D., Narancic, J. & Knezevic, P. (2020) Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii activity of Rumex crispus L. and Rumex sanguineus L. Extracts. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 10: 172–182. https://doi.org/10.4103/2221-1691.280294

Shiwani, S., Singh, N.K. & Wang, M.H. (2012) Carbohydrase inhibition and anti-cancerous and free radical scavenging properties along with DNA and protein protection ability of methanolic root extracts of Rumex crispus. Nutrition Research and Practice 6: 389–395. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2012.6.5.389

Singh, M. & Purohit, M.C. (2018) Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of roots of Rumex obtusifolius. International journal of Pharmaceutical sciences and research 9: 3519–3522.

Singh, R., Kumar, S. & Kamal (2011) Two new species of Passalora and Pseudocercospora from northeastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Mycotaxon 117: 137–143. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.137

Singh, R., Chaurasia, B., Shukla, K. & Upadhyaya, P.P. (2012) Passalora aseptata, a new cercosporoid fungus from northeastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Mycotaxon 120: 461–463. https://doi.org/10.5248/120.461

Singh, R., Kumar, S., Saini, D.C., Upadhyaya, P.P., Kamal & Braun, U. (2013a) Diversity of Passalora on Ficus. Mycological Progress 12: 637–643. http://dx.doi. 10.1007/s11557-012-0870-6

Singh, R., Kumar, S. Singh, A. & Shukla, K. (2013b) A new species of Parapyricularia from India and a key to all species. Sydowia 65: 337–342.

Singh, R. Singh, A., Kumar, S., Upadhyaya, P.P & Castañeda-Ruíz, R.F. (2014a) Two new species of Zasmidium from northeastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Nova Hedwigia 98: 257–263. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0137

Singh, A., Kharwar, R.N., Singh, R. & Kumar, S. (2014b) A new species of Zasmidium (Mycosphaerellaceae) from India. Sydowia 66: 309–312.

Singh, R., Verma, S.K., Yadav, S., Bhojak, P & Kumar, S. (2020) Morphology and phylogeny of Pseudocercospora hamiltoniani—A new species comparable to Sirosporium from Uttarakhand, India. Phytotaxa 458: 281–293. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.458.4.4

Suh, H.J., Lee, K.S., Kim, S.R., Shin, M.H., Park, S. & Park, S. (2010) Determination of singlet oxygen quenching and protection of biological systems by various extracts from seed of Rumex crispus L. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 102: 102–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.09.008

Summerell, B.A., Groenewald, J.Z., Carnegie, A., Summerbell, R.C. & Crous, P.W. (2006) Eucalyptus microfungi known from culture. 2. Alysidiella, Fusculina and Phlogicylindrium genera nova, with notes on some other poorly known taxa. Fungal Diversity 23: 323–350.

Trail, J.W.H. (1887) Enumeration of Fungi collected in Hardanger in 1887. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 17: 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/03746608909468376

Unger, F. (1833) Die Exantheme der Pflanzen. C. Gerold Verlag, Wien.

Vasas, A., Orbán-Gyapai, O. & Hohmann, J. (2015) The genus Rumex: Review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 175: 198–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.001

Verkley, G.J.M., Crous, P.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Braun, U. & Aptroot, A. (2004) Mycosphaerella punctiformis revisited: morphology, phylogeny, and epitypification of the type species of the genus Mycosphaerella (Dothideales, Ascomycota). Mycological Research 108: 1271–1282. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204001054

Videira, S.I.R., Groenewald, J.Z., Braun, U., Shin, H.D. & Crous, P.W. (2016) All that glitters is not Ramularia. Studies in Mycology 83: 49–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2016.06.001

Videira, S.I.R., Groenewald, J.Z., Nakashima, C., Braun, U., Barreto, R.W., de Wit, P.J.G.M. & Crous, P.W. (2017) Mycosphaerellaceae - Chaos or clarity? Studies in Mycology 87: 257–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.09.003

Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990

Vu, D., Groenewald, M., de Vries, M., Gehrmann, T., Stielow, B., Eberhardt, U., Al-Hatmi, A., Groenewald, J.Z., Cardinali, G., Houbraken, J., Boekhout, T., Crous, P.W., Robert, V. & Verkley, G.J.M. (2019) Large-scale generation and analysis of filamentous fungal DNA barcodes boosts coverage for kingdom fungi and reveals thresholds for fungal species and higher taxon delimitation. Studies in Mycology 92: 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.05.001

Wegiera, M., Kosikowska, U., Malm, A. & Smolarz, H. (2011) Antimicrobial activity of the extracts from fruits of Rumex L. species. Central European Journal of Biology 6: 1036–1043. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0066-0

White, T.J., Bruns, T. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, J.W. (eds.) A guide to molecular methods and applications. Academic Press, New York pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1

Yadav, S., Verma, S.K., Singh, V.K., Singh, R., Singh, A. & Kumar, S. (2021) Morphology and phylogeny of a new species, Pseudocercospora haldinae (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Haldina cordifolia from India. Phytotaxa 501: 281–292. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.2.3

Yildirim, A., Mavi, A. & Kara, A.A. (2001) Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49: 4083–4089. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0103572

How to Cite

Verma, S.K., Kushwaha, P., Yadav, S. & Singh, R. (2021)

Morphology and phylogeny of Teratoramularia rumicis—a new foliar pathogen of Rumex crispus from India and diversity of Ramularioid complex on Rumex spp.

. Phytotaxa 523 (3): 208–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.523.3.2