Abstract
Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) is a genus of shrubs and subshrubs that is centered in Brazil, where 82 species are found. As part of ongoing studies with the genus, we came across two new species of Brazilian Stachytarpheta with atropurpureous to black corollas that are here described and illustrated, Stachytarpheta flavovirescens P.H.Cardoso and Stachytarpheta salimenae P.H.Cardoso & Menini. For each new species we provide photographs, illustrations, phenological information, provisional risk assessments, distribution map, and taxonomic notes. We further synonymize Stachytarpheta dawsonii Moldenke with Stachytarpheta mollis Moldenke, and provide an identification key for the Brazilian Stachytarpheta with atropurpureous to black corollas.
References
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Atkins, S. (2005) The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bulletin 60 (2): 161–272.
Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
Barbosa, A.G. (2008) As estratégias de conservação da biodiversidade na Chapada dos Veadeiros: conflitos e oportunidades. Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 128 pp.
Cardoso, P.H., Menini Neto, L., Salimena, F.R.G. & Trovó, M. (2020) Novelties in Brazilian Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae): A new species and taxonomic updates. Phytotaxa 475: 239–252. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.475.4.2
Cardoso, P.H., O’Leary, N., Olmstead, R.G., Moroni, P., Thode, V. (2021) An update of the Verbenaceae genera and species numbers. Plant Ecology and Evolution 154: 80–86. https://doi.org/10.5091/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1821
Cardoso, P.H.; Salimena, F.R.G. (2020) Stachytarpheta in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB15189 (accessed 17 May 2021)
Chamisso, L.K.A.von (1832) De plantis in expeditione Rommanzoffiana et in Herbariis Regiis, Verbenaceae. Linnaea 7: 213–272.
Dawson, E.Y. (1957) The Machris Brazilian Expedition Botany: Phanerogamæ, Various Smaller Families. Los Angeles County Museum. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.214221
Fiedler, N.C., Merlo, D.A. & Medeiros, M.B.D. (2006) Ocorrência de incêndios florestais no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás. Ciência Florestal 16: 153–161. https://doi.org/10.5902/198050981896
Gonçalves, E.G. & Lorenzi, H. (2007) Morfologia vegetal: organografia e dicionário ilustrado de morfologia das plantas vasculares. Instituto Plantarum, Nova Odessa, 416 pp.
Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2003) Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary. 2ed. Spring Lake Publ., Spring Lake, 216 pp.
IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 17 May 2021)
Klink, C.A. & Machado, R.B. (2005) Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. Conservation Biology 19: 707–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00702.x
Marx, H., O’Leary, N., Yuan, Y., Lu-Irving, P., Tank, D., Múlgura, M.E. & Olmstead, R. (2010) A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae. American journal of Botany 97:1647–1663. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000144
Moldenke, H.N. (1947) Notes on new or noteworthy plants III. Phytologia 2: 363–372.
Moldenke, H.N. (1956) Notes on new or noteworthy plants. Revista Sudamericana de Botánica 10: 229–232.
O’Leary, N., Calviño, C.I., Martínez, S., Lu-Irving, P., Olmstead, R.G. & Múlgura, M.E. (2012) Evolution of morphological traits in Verbenaceae. American Journal of Botany 99: 1778–1792. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200123
Passos, A.L.O., Rocha, S.S. & Hadlich, G.M. (2010) Evolução do uso do solo e agronegócio na região oeste do Estado da Bahia. Cadernos de Geociências 7: 31–39.
Schauer, J.C. (1851) Verbenaceae. In: Martius, C.F.P. von & Eichler, A.W. (Eds.) Flora brasiliensis. F. Fleischer, Leipzig, pp. 169?308.
Silva, M.S., Gurgel, H. Laques, A., Silveira, B.D. & Siqueira, R.V. (2018) 30 anos de dinâmica espaçotemporal (1984-2015) da região de influência do Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros Goiás. Revista franco-brasilera de geografia 35: http://journals.openedition.org/confins/14851
Souza, C.D.D. & Felfili, J.M. (2006) The utilization of medicinal plants in the region of Alto Paraíso of Goiás, GO, Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 20: 135?142. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062006000100013
Thiers, B. (2021) [continuously updated] Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih (accessed 17 May 2021)
Vahl, M.H. (1804) Enumeratio plantarum: vel ab aliis, vel ab ipso observatarum, cum earum differentiüs specificis, synonymis selectis et descriptionibus succinctis. N. Mölleri et Filii, Aulae Regiae et Universitatis Typographorum, Hauniae [Copenhagen], LX + 381 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7564
Werneck, F.P., Nogueira, C., Colli, G.R., Sites, J.W. & Costa, G.C. (2012) Climatic stability in the Brazilian Cerrado: implications for biogeographical connections of South American savannas, species richness and conservation in a biodiversity hotspot. Journal of Biogeography 39: 1695–1706. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02715.x
Atkins, S. (2005) The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bulletin 60 (2): 161–272.
Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
Barbosa, A.G. (2008) As estratégias de conservação da biodiversidade na Chapada dos Veadeiros: conflitos e oportunidades. Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 128 pp.
Cardoso, P.H., Menini Neto, L., Salimena, F.R.G. & Trovó, M. (2020) Novelties in Brazilian Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae): A new species and taxonomic updates. Phytotaxa 475: 239–252. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.475.4.2
Cardoso, P.H., O’Leary, N., Olmstead, R.G., Moroni, P., Thode, V. (2021) An update of the Verbenaceae genera and species numbers. Plant Ecology and Evolution 154: 80–86. https://doi.org/10.5091/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1821
Cardoso, P.H.; Salimena, F.R.G. (2020) Stachytarpheta in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB15189 (accessed 17 May 2021)
Chamisso, L.K.A.von (1832) De plantis in expeditione Rommanzoffiana et in Herbariis Regiis, Verbenaceae. Linnaea 7: 213–272.
Dawson, E.Y. (1957) The Machris Brazilian Expedition Botany: Phanerogamæ, Various Smaller Families. Los Angeles County Museum. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.214221
Fiedler, N.C., Merlo, D.A. & Medeiros, M.B.D. (2006) Ocorrência de incêndios florestais no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás. Ciência Florestal 16: 153–161. https://doi.org/10.5902/198050981896
Gonçalves, E.G. & Lorenzi, H. (2007) Morfologia vegetal: organografia e dicionário ilustrado de morfologia das plantas vasculares. Instituto Plantarum, Nova Odessa, 416 pp.
Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2003) Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary. 2ed. Spring Lake Publ., Spring Lake, 216 pp.
IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 17 May 2021)
Klink, C.A. & Machado, R.B. (2005) Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. Conservation Biology 19: 707–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00702.x
Marx, H., O’Leary, N., Yuan, Y., Lu-Irving, P., Tank, D., Múlgura, M.E. & Olmstead, R. (2010) A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae. American journal of Botany 97:1647–1663. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000144
Moldenke, H.N. (1947) Notes on new or noteworthy plants III. Phytologia 2: 363–372.
Moldenke, H.N. (1956) Notes on new or noteworthy plants. Revista Sudamericana de Botánica 10: 229–232.
O’Leary, N., Calviño, C.I., Martínez, S., Lu-Irving, P., Olmstead, R.G. & Múlgura, M.E. (2012) Evolution of morphological traits in Verbenaceae. American Journal of Botany 99: 1778–1792. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200123
Passos, A.L.O., Rocha, S.S. & Hadlich, G.M. (2010) Evolução do uso do solo e agronegócio na região oeste do Estado da Bahia. Cadernos de Geociências 7: 31–39.
Schauer, J.C. (1851) Verbenaceae. In: Martius, C.F.P. von & Eichler, A.W. (Eds.) Flora brasiliensis. F. Fleischer, Leipzig, pp. 169?308.
Silva, M.S., Gurgel, H. Laques, A., Silveira, B.D. & Siqueira, R.V. (2018) 30 anos de dinâmica espaçotemporal (1984-2015) da região de influência do Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros Goiás. Revista franco-brasilera de geografia 35: http://journals.openedition.org/confins/14851
Souza, C.D.D. & Felfili, J.M. (2006) The utilization of medicinal plants in the region of Alto Paraíso of Goiás, GO, Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 20: 135?142. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062006000100013
Thiers, B. (2021) [continuously updated] Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih (accessed 17 May 2021)
Vahl, M.H. (1804) Enumeratio plantarum: vel ab aliis, vel ab ipso observatarum, cum earum differentiüs specificis, synonymis selectis et descriptionibus succinctis. N. Mölleri et Filii, Aulae Regiae et Universitatis Typographorum, Hauniae [Copenhagen], LX + 381 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7564
Werneck, F.P., Nogueira, C., Colli, G.R., Sites, J.W. & Costa, G.C. (2012) Climatic stability in the Brazilian Cerrado: implications for biogeographical connections of South American savannas, species richness and conservation in a biodiversity hotspot. Journal of Biogeography 39: 1695–1706. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02715.x