Abstract
Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) is a genus of shrubs and subshrubs that is centered in Brazil, where 82 species are found. As part of ongoing studies with the genus, we came across two new species of Brazilian Stachytarpheta with atropurpureous to black corollas that are here described and illustrated, Stachytarpheta flavovirescens P.H.Cardoso and Stachytarpheta salimenae P.H.Cardoso & Menini. For each new species we provide photographs, illustrations, phenological information, provisional risk assessments, distribution map, and taxonomic notes. We further synonymize Stachytarpheta dawsonii Moldenke with Stachytarpheta mollis Moldenke, and provide an identification key for the Brazilian Stachytarpheta with atropurpureous to black corollas.
References
<p>Atkins, S. (1991) <em>Stachytarpheta sericea</em> Atkins (Verbenaceae) and its hybrid with <em>S. chamissonis</em> Walp. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 46: 281–289. https://doi.org/10.2307/4110597</p>
<p>Atkins, S. (2005) The genus <em>Stachytarpheta</em> (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 60 (2): 161–272.</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Barbosa, A.G. (2008) As estratégias de conservação da biodiversidade na Chapada dos Veadeiros: conflitos e oportunidades. Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 128 pp.</p>
<p>Cardoso, P.H., Menini Neto, L., Salimena, F.R.G. & Trovó, M. (2020) Novelties in Brazilian <em>Stachytarpheta</em> (Verbenaceae): A new species and taxonomic updates. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 475: 239–252. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.475.4.2</p>
<p>Cardoso, P.H., O’Leary, N., Olmstead, R.G., Moroni, P., Thode, V. (2021) An update of the Verbenaceae genera and species numbers. <em>Plant Ecology and Evolution</em> 154: 80–86. https://doi.org/10.5091/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1821</p>
<p>Cardoso, P.H.; Salimena, F.R.G. (2020) <em>Stachytarpheta</em> in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB15189 (accessed 17 May 2021)</p>
<p>Chamisso, L.K.A.von (1832) De plantis in expeditione Rommanzoffiana et in Herbariis Regiis, Verbenaceae. <em>Linnaea</em> 7: 213–272.</p>
<p>Dawson, E.Y. (1957) <em>The Machris Brazilian Expedition Botany: Phanerogamæ, Various Smaller Families</em>. Los Angeles County Museum. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.214221</p>
<p>Fiedler, N.C., Merlo, D.A. & Medeiros, M.B.D. (2006) Ocorrência de incêndios florestais no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás. <em>Ciência Florestal</em> 16: 153–161. https://doi.org/10.5902/198050981896</p>
<p>Gonçalves, E.G. & Lorenzi, H. (2007) <em>Morfologia vegetal: organografia e dicionário ilustrado de morfologia das plantas vasculares</em>. Instituto Plantarum, Nova Odessa, 416 pp.</p>
<p>Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2003) <em>Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary</em>. 2ed. Spring Lake Publ., Spring Lake, 216 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 17 May 2021)</p>
<p>Klink, C.A. & Machado, R.B. (2005) Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. <em>Conservation Biology </em>19: 707–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00702.x</p>
<p>Marx, H., O’Leary, N., Yuan, Y., Lu-Irving, P., Tank, D., Múlgura, M.E. & Olmstead, R. (2010) A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae. <em>American journal of Botany</em> 97:1647–1663. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000144</p>
<p>Moldenke, H.N. (1947) Notes on new or noteworthy plants III. <em>Phytologia </em>2: 363–372.</p>
<p>Moldenke, H.N. (1956) Notes on new or noteworthy plants. Revista Sudamericana de Botánica 10: 229–232.</p>
<p>O’Leary, N., Calviño, C.I., Martínez, S., Lu-Irving, P., Olmstead, R.G. & Múlgura, M.E. (2012) Evolution of morphological traits in Verbenaceae. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 99: 1778–1792. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200123</p>
<p>Passos, A.L.O., Rocha, S.S. & Hadlich, G.M. (2010) Evolução do uso do solo e agronegócio na região oeste do Estado da Bahia. <em>Cadernos de Geociências</em> 7: 31–39.</p>
<p>Schauer, J.C. (1851) Verbenaceae. <em>In:</em> Martius, C.F.P. von & Eichler, A.W. (Eds.) <em>Flora brasiliensis</em>. F. Fleischer, Leipzig, pp. 169−308.</p>
<p>Silva, M.S., Gurgel, H. Laques, A., Silveira, B.D. & Siqueira, R.V. (2018) 30 anos de dinâmica espaçotemporal (1984-2015) da região de influência do Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros Goiás. Revista franco-brasilera de geografia 35: http://journals.openedition.org/confins/14851</p>
<p>Souza, C.D.D. & Felfili, J.M. (2006) The utilization of medicinal plants in the region of Alto Paraíso of Goiás, GO, Brazil. <em>Acta Botanica Brasilica</em> 20: 135−142. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062006000100013</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) [continuously updated] <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih (accessed 17 May 2021)</p>
<p>Vahl, M.H. (1804) <em>Enumeratio plantarum: vel ab aliis, vel ab ipso observatarum, cum earum differentiüs specificis, synonymis selectis et descriptionibus succinctis</em>. N. Mölleri et Filii, Aulae Regiae et Universitatis Typographorum, Hauniae [Copenhagen], LX + 381 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7564</p>
<p>Werneck, F.P., Nogueira, C., Colli, G.R., Sites, J.W. & Costa, G.C. (2012) Climatic stability in the Brazilian Cerrado: implications for biogeographical connections of South American savannas, species richness and conservation in a biodiversity hotspot. <em>Journal of Biogeography</em> 39: 1695–1706. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02715.x</p>
<p>Atkins, S. (2005) The genus <em>Stachytarpheta</em> (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 60 (2): 161–272.</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Barbosa, A.G. (2008) As estratégias de conservação da biodiversidade na Chapada dos Veadeiros: conflitos e oportunidades. Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 128 pp.</p>
<p>Cardoso, P.H., Menini Neto, L., Salimena, F.R.G. & Trovó, M. (2020) Novelties in Brazilian <em>Stachytarpheta</em> (Verbenaceae): A new species and taxonomic updates. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 475: 239–252. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.475.4.2</p>
<p>Cardoso, P.H., O’Leary, N., Olmstead, R.G., Moroni, P., Thode, V. (2021) An update of the Verbenaceae genera and species numbers. <em>Plant Ecology and Evolution</em> 154: 80–86. https://doi.org/10.5091/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1821</p>
<p>Cardoso, P.H.; Salimena, F.R.G. (2020) <em>Stachytarpheta</em> in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB15189 (accessed 17 May 2021)</p>
<p>Chamisso, L.K.A.von (1832) De plantis in expeditione Rommanzoffiana et in Herbariis Regiis, Verbenaceae. <em>Linnaea</em> 7: 213–272.</p>
<p>Dawson, E.Y. (1957) <em>The Machris Brazilian Expedition Botany: Phanerogamæ, Various Smaller Families</em>. Los Angeles County Museum. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.214221</p>
<p>Fiedler, N.C., Merlo, D.A. & Medeiros, M.B.D. (2006) Ocorrência de incêndios florestais no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás. <em>Ciência Florestal</em> 16: 153–161. https://doi.org/10.5902/198050981896</p>
<p>Gonçalves, E.G. & Lorenzi, H. (2007) <em>Morfologia vegetal: organografia e dicionário ilustrado de morfologia das plantas vasculares</em>. Instituto Plantarum, Nova Odessa, 416 pp.</p>
<p>Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2003) <em>Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary</em>. 2ed. Spring Lake Publ., Spring Lake, 216 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 17 May 2021)</p>
<p>Klink, C.A. & Machado, R.B. (2005) Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. <em>Conservation Biology </em>19: 707–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00702.x</p>
<p>Marx, H., O’Leary, N., Yuan, Y., Lu-Irving, P., Tank, D., Múlgura, M.E. & Olmstead, R. (2010) A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae. <em>American journal of Botany</em> 97:1647–1663. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000144</p>
<p>Moldenke, H.N. (1947) Notes on new or noteworthy plants III. <em>Phytologia </em>2: 363–372.</p>
<p>Moldenke, H.N. (1956) Notes on new or noteworthy plants. Revista Sudamericana de Botánica 10: 229–232.</p>
<p>O’Leary, N., Calviño, C.I., Martínez, S., Lu-Irving, P., Olmstead, R.G. & Múlgura, M.E. (2012) Evolution of morphological traits in Verbenaceae. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 99: 1778–1792. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200123</p>
<p>Passos, A.L.O., Rocha, S.S. & Hadlich, G.M. (2010) Evolução do uso do solo e agronegócio na região oeste do Estado da Bahia. <em>Cadernos de Geociências</em> 7: 31–39.</p>
<p>Schauer, J.C. (1851) Verbenaceae. <em>In:</em> Martius, C.F.P. von & Eichler, A.W. (Eds.) <em>Flora brasiliensis</em>. F. Fleischer, Leipzig, pp. 169−308.</p>
<p>Silva, M.S., Gurgel, H. Laques, A., Silveira, B.D. & Siqueira, R.V. (2018) 30 anos de dinâmica espaçotemporal (1984-2015) da região de influência do Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros Goiás. Revista franco-brasilera de geografia 35: http://journals.openedition.org/confins/14851</p>
<p>Souza, C.D.D. & Felfili, J.M. (2006) The utilization of medicinal plants in the region of Alto Paraíso of Goiás, GO, Brazil. <em>Acta Botanica Brasilica</em> 20: 135−142. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062006000100013</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) [continuously updated] <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih (accessed 17 May 2021)</p>
<p>Vahl, M.H. (1804) <em>Enumeratio plantarum: vel ab aliis, vel ab ipso observatarum, cum earum differentiüs specificis, synonymis selectis et descriptionibus succinctis</em>. N. Mölleri et Filii, Aulae Regiae et Universitatis Typographorum, Hauniae [Copenhagen], LX + 381 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7564</p>
<p>Werneck, F.P., Nogueira, C., Colli, G.R., Sites, J.W. & Costa, G.C. (2012) Climatic stability in the Brazilian Cerrado: implications for biogeographical connections of South American savannas, species richness and conservation in a biodiversity hotspot. <em>Journal of Biogeography</em> 39: 1695–1706. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02715.x</p>