Abstract
A new species of Acanthocereus, endemic from southern Jalisco, is described and illustrated. Acanthocereus atropurpureus distinguishes by the diameter of mature stems, presence of low ribs with sinuate margins, dull green stem epidermis turning purple during dry season, and the occurrence of four small central spines. We discuss the morphological differences from other Acanthocereus species and we provide information about its habitat and conservation status.
References
<p>Arias, S., Terrazas, T., Arreola-Nava, H.J., Vázquez-Sánchez, M. & Cameron, K.M. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships in <em>Peniocereus</em> (Cactaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence data. <em>Journal of Plant Research</em> 118: 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-005-0225-3</p>
<p>Anderson, E.F. (2001) <em>The cactus family</em>. Timber Press, Portland, 776 pp.</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., De La Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting red list threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Backeberg, C. (1941) Cactaceae. <em>Jahrbücher der Deutschen Kakteen-Gesellschaft </em>2: 1–80.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1844) Notes on Mimoseae, with a synopsis of species. <em>London Journal of Botany</em> 3: 195.</p>
<p>Berger, A. (1905) A systematic revision of the genus <em>Cereus </em>Mill<em>. Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report </em>16: 57–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/2400072</p>
<p>Blum, W., Lange, M., Rischer, W. & Rutow, J. (1998) <em>Echinocereus</em>, Monographie. Fa. Proost N. V., Turnhout, 496 pp.</p>
<p>Bravo-Hollis, H. (1978) <em>Las cactáceas de México</em>, vol. 1. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 740 pp.</p>
<p>Britton, N.L. & Rose, J.N. (1907) <em>Pereskiopsis </em>a new genus of Cactaceae. <em>Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections </em>50: 331–333.</p>
<p>Britton, N.L. & Rose, J.N. (1909) The genus <em>Cereus</em> and its allies in North America. <em>Contributions from the United States National Herbarium </em>12: 413–437.</p>
<p>Britton, N.L. & Rose, J.N. (1920) <em>The Cactaceae. Descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family, </em>vol. 2<em>. </em>Carnegie Institute, Washington D.C., 241 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46288</p>
<p>Candolle, A.P. de (1864) <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em>, vol. 15. Victor Masson, Paris, 522 pp.</p>
<p>Carbajal, S. (1981) Notas sobre la flora fanerogámica de Nueva Galicia, II. <em>Phytologia</em> 49: 185–196.</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C. (1844) Sieben neue Cacteen. <em>Botanische Zeitung </em>(Berlin) 2: 833–836.</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1883) Burseraceae. <em>In:</em> Candolle, A.L.P.P. de & Candolle, A.C.P. de (eds.) <em>Monographiae phanerogamarum</em> 4. pp. 1–16.</p>
<p>García, E. (2004) <em>Modificaciones al sistema de clasificación climática de Köppen</em>. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 251 pp.</p>
<p>González Ortega, J. (1926) <em>Peniocereus rosei </em>sp. n. <em>Revista Mexicana de Biología </em>6: 189–191.</p>
<p>González-Zamora, P., Carrillo-Reyes, P. & Sánchez, D. (2020) <em>Acanthocereus</em> <em>paradoxus</em> (Cactaceae), a new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa </em>470: 145–154. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.470.2.3</p>
<p>Hummelinck, P. (1938) Over <em>Cereus repandus</em>, <em>Cephalocereus lanuginosus</em>, <em>Lemaireocereus griseus </em>en <em>Acanthocereus tetragonus </em>III. <em>Succulenta (Netherlands) </em>20: 165–171.</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 14</em>. Available from: https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 11 July 2020)</p>
<p>Korotkova, N., Borsch, T. & Arias, S. (2017) A phylogenetic framework for the Hylocereeae (Cactaceae) and implications for the circumscription of the genera. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 327: 1–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.1</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Lödé, J. (2013) New combinations. <em>Cactus Adventures International. Supplement </em>98: 2–3.</p>
<p>Meza Rodríguez, D., Martínez Rivera, L.M., Mercado Silva, N., García de Jalón Lastra, D., González del Tánago del Rio, M., Marchamalo Sacristán, M. & de la Mora Orozco, C. (2017) Régimen natural de caudales del río Ayuquila-Armería en el occidente de México. <em>Terra Latinoamericana</em> 35: 203–217. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v35i3.224</p>
<p>Mosco, A. (2019) Specific habitat requirements and niche conservatism for nine species of the Mexican genus <em>Thelocactus</em> (Cactaceae). <em>Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad</em> 90: e902246. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2246</p>
<p>Roxburgh, W. (1795) <em>Plants of the Coast of Coromandel</em>, vol. 1. W. Vulmer & Co., London, 167 pp.</p>
<p>Rzedowski, J. (1978) <em>La Vegetación de México</em>. Limusa, Ciudad de México, 90 pp.</p>
<p>Sánchez-Mejorada, H. (1973) Nuevas cactáceas de la Nueva Galicia. <em>Cactáceas y Suculentas Mexicanas </em>18: 87–95.</p>
<p>Sánchez-Mejorada, H. (1974) Nuevas cactáceas de la Nueva Galicia. <em>Cactáceas y Suculentas Mexicanas </em>19: 12–18.</p>
<p>Scheidweiler, M. (1837) Description d’une nouvelle espèce de <em>Cereus</em> du Mexique. <em>L’horticulteur belge, journal des jardiniers et amateurs</em> 4: 220.</p>
<p>Simpson, M.G. (2010) <em>Plant systematics</em>. Academic Press, New York, 752 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374380-0.50001-4</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. (1924) Trees and shrubs of Mexico. <em>Contributions from the United States National Herbarium</em> 23: 849–1312.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) [continuously updated] <em>Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium</em>. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 21 March 2021)</p>
<p>Weber, F.A.C. (1898) Les <em>Pereskia </em>et <em>Opuntia </em>pereskioides du Mexique. <em>Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) </em>4: 162–167.</p>
<p>Woodson, R.E. (1941) The North American Asclepiadaceae. I. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>28: 193–244. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394270</p>
<p>Zu Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck, J. (1834) <em>Hortus dyckensis: ou catalogue des plantes cultivées dans les jardins de Dyck</em>. Chez Arnz & Corp, Dusseldorf, 376 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.110204</p>
<p>Anderson, E.F. (2001) <em>The cactus family</em>. Timber Press, Portland, 776 pp.</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., De La Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting red list threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Backeberg, C. (1941) Cactaceae. <em>Jahrbücher der Deutschen Kakteen-Gesellschaft </em>2: 1–80.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1844) Notes on Mimoseae, with a synopsis of species. <em>London Journal of Botany</em> 3: 195.</p>
<p>Berger, A. (1905) A systematic revision of the genus <em>Cereus </em>Mill<em>. Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report </em>16: 57–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/2400072</p>
<p>Blum, W., Lange, M., Rischer, W. & Rutow, J. (1998) <em>Echinocereus</em>, Monographie. Fa. Proost N. V., Turnhout, 496 pp.</p>
<p>Bravo-Hollis, H. (1978) <em>Las cactáceas de México</em>, vol. 1. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 740 pp.</p>
<p>Britton, N.L. & Rose, J.N. (1907) <em>Pereskiopsis </em>a new genus of Cactaceae. <em>Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections </em>50: 331–333.</p>
<p>Britton, N.L. & Rose, J.N. (1909) The genus <em>Cereus</em> and its allies in North America. <em>Contributions from the United States National Herbarium </em>12: 413–437.</p>
<p>Britton, N.L. & Rose, J.N. (1920) <em>The Cactaceae. Descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family, </em>vol. 2<em>. </em>Carnegie Institute, Washington D.C., 241 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46288</p>
<p>Candolle, A.P. de (1864) <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em>, vol. 15. Victor Masson, Paris, 522 pp.</p>
<p>Carbajal, S. (1981) Notas sobre la flora fanerogámica de Nueva Galicia, II. <em>Phytologia</em> 49: 185–196.</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C. (1844) Sieben neue Cacteen. <em>Botanische Zeitung </em>(Berlin) 2: 833–836.</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1883) Burseraceae. <em>In:</em> Candolle, A.L.P.P. de & Candolle, A.C.P. de (eds.) <em>Monographiae phanerogamarum</em> 4. pp. 1–16.</p>
<p>García, E. (2004) <em>Modificaciones al sistema de clasificación climática de Köppen</em>. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 251 pp.</p>
<p>González Ortega, J. (1926) <em>Peniocereus rosei </em>sp. n. <em>Revista Mexicana de Biología </em>6: 189–191.</p>
<p>González-Zamora, P., Carrillo-Reyes, P. & Sánchez, D. (2020) <em>Acanthocereus</em> <em>paradoxus</em> (Cactaceae), a new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa </em>470: 145–154. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.470.2.3</p>
<p>Hummelinck, P. (1938) Over <em>Cereus repandus</em>, <em>Cephalocereus lanuginosus</em>, <em>Lemaireocereus griseus </em>en <em>Acanthocereus tetragonus </em>III. <em>Succulenta (Netherlands) </em>20: 165–171.</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 14</em>. Available from: https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 11 July 2020)</p>
<p>Korotkova, N., Borsch, T. & Arias, S. (2017) A phylogenetic framework for the Hylocereeae (Cactaceae) and implications for the circumscription of the genera. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 327: 1–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.1</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Lödé, J. (2013) New combinations. <em>Cactus Adventures International. Supplement </em>98: 2–3.</p>
<p>Meza Rodríguez, D., Martínez Rivera, L.M., Mercado Silva, N., García de Jalón Lastra, D., González del Tánago del Rio, M., Marchamalo Sacristán, M. & de la Mora Orozco, C. (2017) Régimen natural de caudales del río Ayuquila-Armería en el occidente de México. <em>Terra Latinoamericana</em> 35: 203–217. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v35i3.224</p>
<p>Mosco, A. (2019) Specific habitat requirements and niche conservatism for nine species of the Mexican genus <em>Thelocactus</em> (Cactaceae). <em>Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad</em> 90: e902246. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2246</p>
<p>Roxburgh, W. (1795) <em>Plants of the Coast of Coromandel</em>, vol. 1. W. Vulmer & Co., London, 167 pp.</p>
<p>Rzedowski, J. (1978) <em>La Vegetación de México</em>. Limusa, Ciudad de México, 90 pp.</p>
<p>Sánchez-Mejorada, H. (1973) Nuevas cactáceas de la Nueva Galicia. <em>Cactáceas y Suculentas Mexicanas </em>18: 87–95.</p>
<p>Sánchez-Mejorada, H. (1974) Nuevas cactáceas de la Nueva Galicia. <em>Cactáceas y Suculentas Mexicanas </em>19: 12–18.</p>
<p>Scheidweiler, M. (1837) Description d’une nouvelle espèce de <em>Cereus</em> du Mexique. <em>L’horticulteur belge, journal des jardiniers et amateurs</em> 4: 220.</p>
<p>Simpson, M.G. (2010) <em>Plant systematics</em>. Academic Press, New York, 752 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374380-0.50001-4</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. (1924) Trees and shrubs of Mexico. <em>Contributions from the United States National Herbarium</em> 23: 849–1312.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) [continuously updated] <em>Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium</em>. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 21 March 2021)</p>
<p>Weber, F.A.C. (1898) Les <em>Pereskia </em>et <em>Opuntia </em>pereskioides du Mexique. <em>Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) </em>4: 162–167.</p>
<p>Woodson, R.E. (1941) The North American Asclepiadaceae. I. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>28: 193–244. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394270</p>
<p>Zu Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck, J. (1834) <em>Hortus dyckensis: ou catalogue des plantes cultivées dans les jardins de Dyck</em>. Chez Arnz & Corp, Dusseldorf, 376 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.110204</p>