Abstract
Salvia alata is reported as new record for Ecuador. This species belongs to S. sect. Macrostachyae, thus an updated identification key to species of this section is provided. The descriptions of Salvia alata and the species most morphologically similar to it (Salvia speciosa) are complemented with new information and photographs taken in the field. Salvia alata is distributed in Ecuador and Peru and can be distinguished from Salvia speciosa by its pilose vegetative organs, flowers with white stamens and styles, and mericarps with a deltoid apex. On the other hand, Salvia speciosa is endemic to Peru, and it has glabrescent vegetative organs, flowers with burgundy to deep purple stamens and styles, and mericarps with a bifurcate apex.
References
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<p>Epling, C. (1935–1937) Synopsis of the South American Labiatae. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis </em>85: 1–341.</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1939) A revision of <em>Salvia</em> subgenus <em>Calosphace</em>. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetalis</em> 110: 1–380.</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1940) Supplementary Notes on American Labiatae. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 67: 509–534. https://doi.org/10.2307/2480972</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1941) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-II. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 68: 552–568. https://doi.org/10.2307/2481456</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1944) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-III. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 71: 484–497. https://doi.org/10.2307/2481241</p>
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<p>Fragoso-Martínez, I., Martínez-Gordillo, M., Salazar, G.A., Sazatornil, F., Jenks, A.A., García Peña, M. del R., Barrera-Aveleida, G., Benitez-Vieyra, S., Magallón, S., Cornejo-Tenorio, G. & Granados Mendoza, C. (2018) Phylogeny of the Neotropical sages (<em>Salvia</em> subg. <em>Calosphace</em>; Lamiaceae) and insights into pollinator and area shifts. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 304: 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1445-4</p>
<p>González-Gallegos, J.G., Bedolla-García, B.Y., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Fernández-Alonso, J.L., Fragoso-Martínez, I., García-Peña, M.R., Harley, R.M., Klitgaard, B., Martínez-Gordillo, M.J., Wood, J.R.I., Zamudio, S., Zona, S. & Xifreda, C.C. (2020) Richness and distribution of <em>Salvia</em> subgenus <em>Calosphace</em> (Lamiaceae). <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences</em> 181 (8): 831–856. https://doi.org/10.1086/709133</p>
<p>Harley, R.M. (1999) Lamiaceae. <em>In:</em> Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (Eds.) <em>Catalogue of vascular plants of Ecuador, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the</em> <em>Missouri Botanical Garden 75, </em>Missouri Botanical Press, St. Louis, pp. 519–526.</p>
<p>Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A.L., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., de Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, R., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. & Upson, T. (2004) Labiatae. <em>In</em>: Kadereit, J.W. (Ed.) <em>The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol 7</em>. Springer, Berlin, pp. 167–275.</p>
<p>Jenks, A.A., Walker, J.B. & Kim, S.-C. (2013) Phylogeny of New World <em>Salvia</em> subgenus <em>Calosphace</em> (Lamiaceae) based on cpDNA (psbA-trnH) and nrDNA (ITS) sequence data. <em>Journal of plant research</em> 126: 483–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-012-0543-1</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1818) <em>Nova genera et species plantarum</em>. The Greek-Latin-Germanic Library, Paris, 404 pp.</p>
<p>Lagomarsino, L.P., Condamine, F.L., Antonelli, A., Mulch, A. & Davis, C.C. (2016) The abiotic and biotic drivers of rapid diversification in Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae). <em>New Phytologist</em> 210: 1430–1442. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13920</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>MacBride, J.F. (1960) Labiatae. <em>In:</em> MacBride, J.F. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Peru</em>, Vol 13, pt V, no 2<em>.</em> Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 721–829.</p>
<p>Moscoso, A., Montúfar, R. & Tye, A. (2011) Lamiaceae. <em>In</em>: León-Yánez, S., Valencia, R., Pitman, N., Endara, L., Ulloa Ulloa, C. & Navarrete, H. (Eds.) <em>Libro rojo de las plantas endémicas del Ecuador,</em> Publicaciones del Herbario QCA, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito. pp. 367–371.</p>
<p>Rodriguez, M. (2006) Lamiaceae endémicas del Perú. <em>Revista Peruana de Biología</em> 13: 371s–379s.</p>
<p>Tank, D.C., Eastman, J.M., Pennell, M.W., Soltis, P.S., Soltis, D.E., Hinchliff, C.E., Brown, J.W., Sessa, E.B. & Harmon, L.J. (2015) Nested radiations and the pulse of angiosperm diversification: increased diversification rates often follow whole genome duplications. <em>New Phytologist</em> 207: 454–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13491</p>
<p>Ulloa-Ulloa, C., Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., Beck, S., Belgrano, M.J., Bernal, R., Berry, P.E., Brako, L., Celis, M., Davidse, G., Forzza, R.C., Robbert Gradstein, S., Hokche, O., León, B., León-Yánez, S., Magill, R.E., Neill, D.A., Nee, M., Raven, P.H., Stimmel, H., Strong, M.T., Villaseñor, J.L., Zarucchi, J.L., Zuloaga, F.O. & Jørgensen, P.M. (2017) An integrated assessment of the vascular plant species of the Americas. <em>Science</em> 358: 1614–1617. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao0398</p>
<p>Wester, P. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2011) Pollination syndromes of New World <em>Salvia </em>species with special reference to bird pollination. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 98: 101–155. https://doi.org/10.3417/2007035</p>
<p>Wood, J. & Harley, R. (1989) The genus <em>Salvia</em> (Labiatae) in Colombia. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 44: 211–278.</p>
<p>Zona, S. (2017) Fruit and seed dispersal of <em>Salvia</em> L. (Lamiaceae): a review of the evidence. <em>The Botanical Review</em> 83: 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-017-9189-y</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1832–1836) <em>Labiatarum Genera et Species</em>. James Ridgway and Sons, London, 745 pp.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1848) Labiatae. <em>In:</em> de Candolle, A. (Ed.) <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em>. Victor Masson, Paris, pp. 27–603.</p>
<p>Bouman, F. & Meeuse, A.D.J. (1992) Dispersal in Labiatae. <em>In: </em>Harley, R.M. & Reynolds, T. (Eds.) <em>Advances in Labiate Science.</em> Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond. pp. 193–202.</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1935–1937) Synopsis of the South American Labiatae. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis </em>85: 1–341.</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1939) A revision of <em>Salvia</em> subgenus <em>Calosphace</em>. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetalis</em> 110: 1–380.</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1940) Supplementary Notes on American Labiatae. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 67: 509–534. https://doi.org/10.2307/2480972</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1941) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-II. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 68: 552–568. https://doi.org/10.2307/2481456</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1944) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-III. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 71: 484–497. https://doi.org/10.2307/2481241</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1947) Supplementary Notes on American Labiatae-IV. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 74: 512–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2481876</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1951) Supplementary Notes on American Labiatae-V. <em>Brittonia</em> 7: 129–142. https://doi.org/10.2307/2804702</p>
<p>Epling, C. (1960) Supplementary Notes on American Labiatae-VII. <em>Brittonia</em> 12: 140–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2805214</p>
<p>Epling, C. & Játiva, C. (1963) Supplementary Notes on American Labiatae-VIII. <em>Brittonia</em> 15: 366–376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2805381</p>
<p>Epling, C. & Játiva, C. (1966) Supplementary Notes on American Labiatae-IX. <em>Brittonia</em> 18: 255–265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2805366</p>
<p>Epling, C. & Játiva, C. (1968) Supplementary Notes on American Labiatae-X. <em>Brittonia</em> 20: 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2805687</p>
<p>Epling, C. & Mathias, M. (1957) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-VI. <em>Brittonia</em> 8: 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2804980</p>
<p>Fernández-Alonso, J.F. (2003) Estudios en Labiatae de Colombia IV. Novedades en <em>Salvia </em>y sinopsis de las secciones <em>Angulatae</em> y <em>Purpureae</em>. <em>Caldasia</em> 25: 235–281.</p>
<p>Fernández-Alonso, J.F. & Rivera-Díaz, O. (2006) Las labiadas (Familia Labiatae). <em>In</em>: García-Castro, N.J. & Galeano, G. (Eds.) <em>Libro Rojo de Plantas de Colombia. Volumen 3. Las bromelias, las labiadas y las pasifloras</em>. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Bogota. pp. 385–582.</p>
<p>Fragoso-Martínez, I., Martínez-Gordillo, M., Salazar, G.A., Sazatornil, F., Jenks, A.A., García Peña, M. del R., Barrera-Aveleida, G., Benitez-Vieyra, S., Magallón, S., Cornejo-Tenorio, G. & Granados Mendoza, C. (2018) Phylogeny of the Neotropical sages (<em>Salvia</em> subg. <em>Calosphace</em>; Lamiaceae) and insights into pollinator and area shifts. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 304: 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1445-4</p>
<p>González-Gallegos, J.G., Bedolla-García, B.Y., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Fernández-Alonso, J.L., Fragoso-Martínez, I., García-Peña, M.R., Harley, R.M., Klitgaard, B., Martínez-Gordillo, M.J., Wood, J.R.I., Zamudio, S., Zona, S. & Xifreda, C.C. (2020) Richness and distribution of <em>Salvia</em> subgenus <em>Calosphace</em> (Lamiaceae). <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences</em> 181 (8): 831–856. https://doi.org/10.1086/709133</p>
<p>Harley, R.M. (1999) Lamiaceae. <em>In:</em> Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (Eds.) <em>Catalogue of vascular plants of Ecuador, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the</em> <em>Missouri Botanical Garden 75, </em>Missouri Botanical Press, St. Louis, pp. 519–526.</p>
<p>Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A.L., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., de Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, R., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. & Upson, T. (2004) Labiatae. <em>In</em>: Kadereit, J.W. (Ed.) <em>The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol 7</em>. Springer, Berlin, pp. 167–275.</p>
<p>Jenks, A.A., Walker, J.B. & Kim, S.-C. (2013) Phylogeny of New World <em>Salvia</em> subgenus <em>Calosphace</em> (Lamiaceae) based on cpDNA (psbA-trnH) and nrDNA (ITS) sequence data. <em>Journal of plant research</em> 126: 483–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-012-0543-1</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1818) <em>Nova genera et species plantarum</em>. The Greek-Latin-Germanic Library, Paris, 404 pp.</p>
<p>Lagomarsino, L.P., Condamine, F.L., Antonelli, A., Mulch, A. & Davis, C.C. (2016) The abiotic and biotic drivers of rapid diversification in Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae). <em>New Phytologist</em> 210: 1430–1442. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13920</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>MacBride, J.F. (1960) Labiatae. <em>In:</em> MacBride, J.F. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Peru</em>, Vol 13, pt V, no 2<em>.</em> Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 721–829.</p>
<p>Moscoso, A., Montúfar, R. & Tye, A. (2011) Lamiaceae. <em>In</em>: León-Yánez, S., Valencia, R., Pitman, N., Endara, L., Ulloa Ulloa, C. & Navarrete, H. (Eds.) <em>Libro rojo de las plantas endémicas del Ecuador,</em> Publicaciones del Herbario QCA, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito. pp. 367–371.</p>
<p>Rodriguez, M. (2006) Lamiaceae endémicas del Perú. <em>Revista Peruana de Biología</em> 13: 371s–379s.</p>
<p>Tank, D.C., Eastman, J.M., Pennell, M.W., Soltis, P.S., Soltis, D.E., Hinchliff, C.E., Brown, J.W., Sessa, E.B. & Harmon, L.J. (2015) Nested radiations and the pulse of angiosperm diversification: increased diversification rates often follow whole genome duplications. <em>New Phytologist</em> 207: 454–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13491</p>
<p>Ulloa-Ulloa, C., Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., Beck, S., Belgrano, M.J., Bernal, R., Berry, P.E., Brako, L., Celis, M., Davidse, G., Forzza, R.C., Robbert Gradstein, S., Hokche, O., León, B., León-Yánez, S., Magill, R.E., Neill, D.A., Nee, M., Raven, P.H., Stimmel, H., Strong, M.T., Villaseñor, J.L., Zarucchi, J.L., Zuloaga, F.O. & Jørgensen, P.M. (2017) An integrated assessment of the vascular plant species of the Americas. <em>Science</em> 358: 1614–1617. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao0398</p>
<p>Wester, P. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2011) Pollination syndromes of New World <em>Salvia </em>species with special reference to bird pollination. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 98: 101–155. https://doi.org/10.3417/2007035</p>
<p>Wood, J. & Harley, R. (1989) The genus <em>Salvia</em> (Labiatae) in Colombia. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 44: 211–278.</p>
<p>Zona, S. (2017) Fruit and seed dispersal of <em>Salvia</em> L. (Lamiaceae): a review of the evidence. <em>The Botanical Review</em> 83: 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-017-9189-y</p>