Abstract
Ophrys apifera Hudson was previously considered to have been lectotypified by Künkele and Baumann in 1998 with an illustration published by Matthias Lobel in 1581. However, Hudson did not include any references to Lobel in the protologue. Therefore, the typification by Künkele and Baumann is here briefly discussed and superseded because is being contrary to Art. 9.3 of the International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). The name is lectotypified here with an illustration published by Bauhin and Cherler in 1651. Unfortunately, this illustration does not show several diagnostic characters to distinguish O. apifera from other related species. Therefore, for a precise circumscription of the name, an epitype is proposed of a complete specimen preserved at K.
References
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<p>Bauhin, C. & Cherler, J.H. (1651) <em>Historia plantarum</em>. Tomus II. Ebroduni, Yverdon, 1074 pp.</p>
<p>Baum, A., Claessens, H. & Kleynen, J. (2002) <em>Ophrys apifera</em>, eine variabele Art. <em>Jahresberichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Wuppertal</em> 55: 78–94.</p>
<p>Baumann, H. & Künkele, S. (1986) Die Gattung <em>Ophrys</em> L.- eine taxonomische Übersicht. <em>Mitteilungsblatt des Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen Baden-Württemberg </em>18: 305–688.</p>
<p>Baumann, H., Künkele, S. & Lorenz, R. (1989) Die nomenklatorischen Typen der von Linnaeus veröffentlichten Namen europäischer Orchideen. <em>Mitteilungsblatt Arbeitskreise Heimische Orchideen Baden-Württemberg</em> 21: 355–700.</p>
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<p>Camus, E.G., Bergon, P. & Camus, A. (1908) <em>Monographie des Orchidées de l’Europe, de l’Afrique septentrionale, de l’Asie Mineure et des Provinces Russes transcaspiennes</em>. Lechevalier, Paris, 484 pp. + 32 plantes.</p>
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<p>Dixon, P.S. (1959) Notes on two important algal herbaria. <em>British Phycological Bulletin</em> 7: 35–42.</p>
<p>Fabado, J. & Ferrer-Gallego, P.P. (2021) Typification of four species names published by William Hudson. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 76: 1–6.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1007/S12225-021-09932-9</p>
<p>Galán Cela, P. & Gamarra, R. (2003) Checklist of the Iberian and Balearic orchids. 2. <em>Ophrys</em> L. – <em>Spiranthes</em> Rich. <em>Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid</em> 60: 309–329.</p>
<p>Gerarde, J. (1636) <em>The herbal or generall historie of plantes</em>. Printed for Adam Islip, Joice Norton, Richard Whitakers, London, 1630 pp. [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817756/page/211/mode/2up]</p>
<p>Greuter, W. & Rechinger, K.H. (1967) Flora der Insel Kythera, gleichzeitig Beginn einer nomenklatorischen Überprüfung der griechischen Gefäßpflanzenarten. <em>Boissiera</em> 13: 1–206.</p>
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<p>IPNI (2021) International plant names index. <em>Ophrys apifera</em>. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/n/647746-1 (accessed 22 April 2021).</p>
<p>Jarvis, C. (2007) <em>Order out of chaos: Linnaean plant names and their types</em>. Linnean Society of London and the Natural History Museum, London, 1016 pp.</p>
<p>Keller, G. & Schlechter, F.R.R. (1928) <em>Monographie und Iconographie der Orchideen Europas</em>, vol. 1. Dahlem bei Berlin, 304 pp.</p>
<p>Keller, G. & Soó, R. (1930–1940) <em>Monographie und Iconographie der Orchideen Europas</em>, vol. 2. Selbstverlag, Dahlem bei Berlin, 472 pp.</p>
<p>Kullenberg, B. (1961) Studies in <em>Ophrys</em> pollination. <em>Zoologiska bidrag från Uppsala</em> 34: 340 S., 51 Taf.</p>
<p>Künkele, S. & Baumann, H. (1998) <em>Orchidaceae</em>. <em>In:</em> Sebald, O., Seybold, S., Philippi, G. & Wörz, A. (eds.) <em>Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs. Band 8: Spezieller Teil (Spermatophyta, Unterklassen Commelinidae Teil 2, Arecidae, Liliidae Teil 2) Juncaceae bis Orchidaceae</em>. Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp. 286–462.</p>
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<p>Lewis, L. & Kreutz, C.A.J. (2012) <em>Ophrys apifera</em> Huds. var. <em>badensis</em> var. nov. <em>Journal Europäischer</em> <em>Orchideen</em> 44: 403–412.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. 2. Salvius, Stockholm, 561–1200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</p>
<p>Lobel, M. (1581a) <em>Plantarum seu Stirpium icones.</em> Apud Viduam et Ioannem Moretum, Antwerp, 252 pp. [http://www.plantgenera.org/volume.php?id_publication=2710&mobile=0&size=0&id_volume=7623&uhd=0&id_publication=2710]</p>
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<p>Marschall von Bieberstein, F. (1808) <em>Flora taurico-caucasica</em>, vol. 2. Typis Academicis, Kharkov, 478 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10825</p>
<p>Miller, P. (1768) <em>The gardeners dictionary, eighth edition</em>. Rivington, London, 1300 pp.</p>
<p>Moench, C. (1802) <em>Supplementum ad methodum plantas a staminum situ describendi</em>. In Officina Nova Libraria Academiae, Marburgi Cattorum: In Officina Nova Libraria Academiae, 328 pp.</p>
<p>Nelson, E. (1962) <em>Gestaltwandel und Artbildung erörtert am Beispiel der Orchidaceen Europas und der Mittelmeerländer, insbesondere der Gattung Ophrys</em>. Chernex-Monterux, 250 pp</p>
<p>Quentin, P. (1993) Synopsis des Orchidées Européennes. <em>Cahiers de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie</em> 1: 1–128.</p>
<p>Quentin, P. (1995) Synopsis des orchidées européennes. Edition No. 2 revue et corrigee. <em>Cahiers de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie</em> 2: 1–141.</p>
<p>Parkinson, J. (1640) <em>Theatrum Botanicum</em>. Tho. Cotes, London, 1755 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/256142#page/1374/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Pérez-Chiscano, J.L., Gil, J.R. & Durán, F. (1990) Nueva variedad de <em>Ophrys apifera</em> Hudson. <em>Studia Botanica</em> 9: 113–118.</p>
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<p>Ray, J. (1724) <em>Synopsis methodica stirpium Britannicarum</em>, ed. 3. Innys, London, 696 pp.</p>
<p>Romolini, R. (1998) Alcune varieta di <em>Ophrys apifera</em> Hudson. <em>Giros Notizie</em> 9: 6–7</p>
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<p>Anonymous (1805) <em>Acts and votes of Parliament relating to the British Museum with the Statutes and rules thereof, and the succession of trustees and officers</em>. London, 129 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/159849#page/7/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Bauhin, C. (1623) <em>Pinax theatri botanici</em>. Regis, Basil, 522 pp</p>
<p>Bauhin, C. & Cherler, J.H. (1651) <em>Historia plantarum</em>. Tomus II. Ebroduni, Yverdon, 1074 pp.</p>
<p>Baum, A., Claessens, H. & Kleynen, J. (2002) <em>Ophrys apifera</em>, eine variabele Art. <em>Jahresberichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Wuppertal</em> 55: 78–94.</p>
<p>Baumann, H. & Künkele, S. (1986) Die Gattung <em>Ophrys</em> L.- eine taxonomische Übersicht. <em>Mitteilungsblatt des Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen Baden-Württemberg </em>18: 305–688.</p>
<p>Baumann, H., Künkele, S. & Lorenz, R. (1989) Die nomenklatorischen Typen der von Linnaeus veröffentlichten Namen europäischer Orchideen. <em>Mitteilungsblatt Arbeitskreise Heimische Orchideen Baden-Württemberg</em> 21: 355–700.</p>
<p>Benito Ayuso, J. (2017) <em>Estudio de las orquídeas silvestres del Sistema Ibérico</em>. University of Valencia, Valencia. Doctoral thesis.</p>
<p>Camus, E.G., Bergon, P. & Camus, A. (1908) <em>Monographie des Orchidées de l’Europe, de l’Afrique septentrionale, de l’Asie Mineure et des Provinces Russes transcaspiennes</em>. Lechevalier, Paris, 484 pp. + 32 plantes.</p>
<p>Camus, E.G. & Camus, A. (1921–1929) <em>Iconographie des Orchidées d’Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen</em>. Lechevalier, Paris, 559 pp.</p>
<p>Cavanilles, A.J. (1793) <em>Icones et descriptiones plantarum, quae aut sponte in Hispania crescunt, aut in hortis hospitantur</em>, vol. II. Regia Typographia, Madrid, 79 pp.</p>
<p>Claessens, J. & Kleynen, J. (2002) Investigations on the autogamy in <em>Ophrys apifera</em> Hudson. <em>Jber</em> <em>naturwiss Ver Wuppertal</em> 55: 62–77.</p>
<p>Curtis, W. (1777) <em>Flora Londinensis</em>, vol. 1. Printed for the author. London, 330 pp. [https://archive.org/details/FloraLondinensi1Curt/page/66/mode/2up]</p>
<p>Dandy, J.E. (ed.) (1958) <em>The Sloane herbarium: an annotated list of the </em>horti sicci<em> composing it; with biographical accounts of the principal contributors</em>. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 246 pp.</p>
<p>Darwin, C. (1877) <em>The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilized by insects</em>, 2d edition. Murray, London, 332 pp.</p>
<p>Delforge, P. (2006) <em>Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.</em> Black, London, 640 pp.</p>
<p>Devey, D.S., Bateman, R.M., Fay, M.F., Hawkins, J.A. (2008) Friends or relatives? Phylogenetics and species delimitation in the controversial European orchid genus <em>Ophrys</em>. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 101: 285–402.</p>
<p>Devillers, P. & Devillers-Terschuren, J. (1994) Essai d’analyse systématique du genre <em>Ophrys</em>. <em>Les</em> <em>Naturalistes belges</em> 75 (hors-série –spécial «Orchidées» nº 7, supplément): 273–400.</p>
<p>Dieuzeide, R. (1921) <em>L’autofécondation chez les orchidées. L’Ophrys apifera</em>. Proces Verbaux Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux.</p>
<p>Dixon, P.S. (1959) Notes on two important algal herbaria. <em>British Phycological Bulletin</em> 7: 35–42.</p>
<p>Fabado, J. & Ferrer-Gallego, P.P. (2021) Typification of four species names published by William Hudson. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 76: 1–6.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1007/S12225-021-09932-9</p>
<p>Galán Cela, P. & Gamarra, R. (2003) Checklist of the Iberian and Balearic orchids. 2. <em>Ophrys</em> L. – <em>Spiranthes</em> Rich. <em>Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid</em> 60: 309–329.</p>
<p>Gerarde, J. (1636) <em>The herbal or generall historie of plantes</em>. Printed for Adam Islip, Joice Norton, Richard Whitakers, London, 1630 pp. [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817756/page/211/mode/2up]</p>
<p>Greuter, W. & Rechinger, K.H. (1967) Flora der Insel Kythera, gleichzeitig Beginn einer nomenklatorischen Überprüfung der griechischen Gefäßpflanzenarten. <em>Boissiera</em> 13: 1–206.</p>
<p>Hudson, W. (1762) <em>Flora Anglica, exhibens plantas per regnum angliae sponte crescentes, distributas secundum systema sexuale</em>. Nourse & Moran, London, 506 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/217308#page/254/mode/1up]</p>
<p>IPNI (2021) International plant names index. <em>Ophrys apifera</em>. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/n/647746-1 (accessed 22 April 2021).</p>
<p>Jarvis, C. (2007) <em>Order out of chaos: Linnaean plant names and their types</em>. Linnean Society of London and the Natural History Museum, London, 1016 pp.</p>
<p>Keller, G. & Schlechter, F.R.R. (1928) <em>Monographie und Iconographie der Orchideen Europas</em>, vol. 1. Dahlem bei Berlin, 304 pp.</p>
<p>Keller, G. & Soó, R. (1930–1940) <em>Monographie und Iconographie der Orchideen Europas</em>, vol. 2. Selbstverlag, Dahlem bei Berlin, 472 pp.</p>
<p>Kullenberg, B. (1961) Studies in <em>Ophrys</em> pollination. <em>Zoologiska bidrag från Uppsala</em> 34: 340 S., 51 Taf.</p>
<p>Künkele, S. & Baumann, H. (1998) <em>Orchidaceae</em>. <em>In:</em> Sebald, O., Seybold, S., Philippi, G. & Wörz, A. (eds.) <em>Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs. Band 8: Spezieller Teil (Spermatophyta, Unterklassen Commelinidae Teil 2, Arecidae, Liliidae Teil 2) Juncaceae bis Orchidaceae</em>. Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp. 286–462.</p>
<p>Künkele, S. & Lorenz, R. (1990) Die Orchideen in dem Bilderwerk des Carolus Clusius (Libri picturati A16–31). Beiträge zur Geschichte der europäischen Orchideen im 16. Jahrhundert. <em>Mitteilungsblatt des Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen Baden-Württemberg</em> 22: 541–691.</p>
<p>Lang, D.C. (1991) A new variant of <em>Ophrys apifera</em> Hudson in Britain. <em>Watsonia</em> 18: 408–409.</p>
<p>Lewis, L. & Kreutz, C.A.J. (2012) <em>Ophrys apifera</em> Huds. var. <em>badensis</em> var. nov. <em>Journal Europäischer</em> <em>Orchideen</em> 44: 403–412.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. 2. Salvius, Stockholm, 561–1200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</p>
<p>Lobel, M. (1581a) <em>Plantarum seu Stirpium icones.</em> Apud Viduam et Ioannem Moretum, Antwerp, 252 pp. [http://www.plantgenera.org/volume.php?id_publication=2710&mobile=0&size=0&id_volume=7623&uhd=0&id_publication=2710]</p>
<p>Lobel, M. (1581b) <em>Kruydtboeck.</em> Plantin, Antwerp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30651#page/231/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Lobel, M. (1591) <em>Icones stirpium</em>. Ex officina Plantiniana. Apud Viduam et Ioannem Moretum, Antwerp, 816 pp. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/en/records/item/13266-icones-stirpium-tomus-primus]</p>
<p>Marschall von Bieberstein, F. (1808) <em>Flora taurico-caucasica</em>, vol. 2. Typis Academicis, Kharkov, 478 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10825</p>
<p>Miller, P. (1768) <em>The gardeners dictionary, eighth edition</em>. Rivington, London, 1300 pp.</p>
<p>Moench, C. (1802) <em>Supplementum ad methodum plantas a staminum situ describendi</em>. In Officina Nova Libraria Academiae, Marburgi Cattorum: In Officina Nova Libraria Academiae, 328 pp.</p>
<p>Nelson, E. (1962) <em>Gestaltwandel und Artbildung erörtert am Beispiel der Orchidaceen Europas und der Mittelmeerländer, insbesondere der Gattung Ophrys</em>. Chernex-Monterux, 250 pp</p>
<p>Quentin, P. (1993) Synopsis des Orchidées Européennes. <em>Cahiers de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie</em> 1: 1–128.</p>
<p>Quentin, P. (1995) Synopsis des orchidées européennes. Edition No. 2 revue et corrigee. <em>Cahiers de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie</em> 2: 1–141.</p>
<p>Parkinson, J. (1640) <em>Theatrum Botanicum</em>. Tho. Cotes, London, 1755 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/256142#page/1374/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Pérez-Chiscano, J.L., Gil, J.R. & Durán, F. (1990) Nueva variedad de <em>Ophrys apifera</em> Hudson. <em>Studia Botanica</em> 9: 113–118.</p>
<p>POWO. (2021) <em>Ophrys apifera. In: Plants of the World</em> <em>Online</em>. http://powo.science.kew.org/?q=ophrys%20apifer (last accessed 22 April 2021).</p>
<p>Ray, J. (1724) <em>Synopsis methodica stirpium Britannicarum</em>, ed. 3. Innys, London, 696 pp.</p>
<p>Romolini, R. (1998) Alcune varieta di <em>Ophrys apifera</em> Hudson. <em>Giros Notizie</em> 9: 6–7</p>
<p>Schremmer, F. (1959) Blütenbiologische Beobachtungen in Istrien (Jugoslawien) I. Beobachtungen zur Autogamie von <em>Ophrys apifera</em> Huds. <em>Österreichische Botanische Zeitung</em> 106 (3/4): 177–187.</p>
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