Abstract
The fern Rumohra ponceana sp. nov., a narrow endemic of the Austral Pampean district, Pampean biogeographic province in Argentina, is described and illustrated. The species inhabits the Tandilia and Ventania Systems, where it grows in sunny rock crevices. The new species differs from the widespread R. adiantiformis (sensu lato) by the reduced size of all parts of the sporophyte and conspicuous capitate glandular hairs at the margins of petiole and rhizome scales. Also, there are significant differences in the architecture of the laminae, the colour and size of the spores and the ornamentation of the perispore, which is folded in R. ponceana and projects in irregular tubercles throughout its surface.
References
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<p>Ballivián Justiniano, C.A., Lanfranchinia, M.E., Recio, C., de Barrio, R.E., Sato, A.M., Basei, M.A.S., Pimentel, M.M., Etcheverry, R.O. & Tassinari, C.C.G. (2017) Geology and petrogenetic considerations of the Loma Marcelo skarn, Neoproterozoic basement of the Ventania System, Argentina. <em>Precambrian Research</em> 302: 358–380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2017.09.021</p>
<p>Bauret, L., Rouhan, G., Hirai, R.Y., Perrie, L., Prado, J., Salino, A., Senterre, B., Shepherd, L., Sundue, M., Selosse, M.-A. & Gaudeul, M. (2017) Molecular data, based on an exhaustive species sampling of the fern genus <em>Rumohra</em> (Dryopteridaceae), reveal a biogeographical history mostly shaped by dispersal and several cryptic species in the widely distributed <em>Rumohra adiantiformis</em>. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 185: 463–481. https://doi.org/10.1093/BOTLINNEAN/BOX072</p>
<p>Bilenca, D. & Miñarro, F. (2004) <em>Identificación de áreas valiosas de pastizal en las pampas y campos de Argentina, Uruguay y sur de Brasil</em>. Buenos Aires: Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina.</p>
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<p>Cavanilles, A.J. (1802) <em>Descripción de las plantas que D. Antonio Josef Cavanilles demostró en las lecciones públicas del año 1801 precedida de los principios elementales de la botánica</em>. Imprenta Real, Madrid. [https://archive.org/details/descripciondelas1802cava]</p>
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<p>Ching, R.C. (1934) A revision of the compound leaved Polysticha and other related species in the continental Asia including Japan and Formosa. <em>Sinensia </em>5 (1-2): 23–91.</p>
<p>Cingolani, C.A. (2011) The Tandilia system of Argentina as a southern extension of the Río de la Plata craton: An overview. <em>International Journal of Earth Sciences</em> 100: 221–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-010-0611-5</p>
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<p>Cordani, U.G., D’Agrella-Filho, M.S., Brito Neves, B.B. & Trinidade, R.I.F. (2003) Tearing up Rodinia: the Neoproterozoic palaeogeography of South American cratonic fragments. <em>Terra Nova</em> 15: 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2003.00506.x</p>
<p>Crisci, J.V., Freire, S., Sancho, G. & Katinas, L. (2001) Historical biogeography of the Asteraceae from Tandilia and Ventania mountain ranges (Buenos Aires, Argentina). <em>Caldasia</em> 23: 21–41.</p>
<p>D´Ambroggio de Argüeso, A. (1986) <em>Manual de Técnicas en Histología Vegetal</em>. Buenos Aires: Hemisferio Sur.</p>
<p>de la Sota, E.R. (1967) Composición, origen y vinculaciones de la flora pteridológica de las sierras de Buenos Aires (Argentina). <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica</em> 11: 105–128.</p>
<p>de La Sota, E.R., Ponce, M.M., Morbelli, M.A. & Cassá De Pazos, L.A. (1998) Pteridophyta. <em>In:</em> Correa, M.N. (ed.) Flora Patagónica. <em>Colección Científica del INTA </em>8: 282–369.</p>
<p>de la Sota, E.R., Giudice, G.E., Ponce, M., Ramos Giacosa, J.P. & Arturi, M. (2004) Relaciones fitogeográficas de la flora pteridofitica serrana bonaerense. <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica </em>39: 181–194</p>
<p>De Queiroz, K. (2007) Species Concepts and Species delimitation. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 56: 879–886.</p>
<p>Desvaux, É.-É. (1854) Gramíneas. <em>Flora Chilena</em> 6: 233–469.</p>
<p>Duek, J.J. & Rodríguez Rios, R. (1972) Lista preliminar de las especies de Pteridophyta de Chile continental e insular. <em>Boletín de la Sociedad de Biología de Concepción</em> 45: 129–174.</p>
<p>Fée, A.L.A. (1873) <em>Cryptogames vasculaires du Brésil</em>. Vol. 2. Paris: Veuve Berger-Levraut & Fils Libraries.</p>
<p>Forster, J.G.A. (1786) <em>Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus</em>. Gottingen: Joann. Christian Dieterich.</p>
<p>IUCN (2012) <em>IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 3.1. Second Edition. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge. [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/RL-2001-001-2nd.pdf]</p>
<p>Kacoliris, F.P., Berkunsky, I., Velasco, M.A. & Cortelezzi, A. (2013) <em>Pastizales Serranos del Sistema de Tandilia</em>. Tandil: Neotropical Grasslands Conservancy.</p>
<p>Korall, P. & Taylor, W.A. (2006) Megaspore morphology in the Selaginellaceae in a phylogenetic context: a study of the megaspore surface and wall structure using scanning electron microscopy. <em>Grana</em> 45: 22–60.</p>
<p>Kristensen, M. & Frangi, J.L. (1995) La Sierra de la Ventana: una isla de biodiversidad. <em>Ciencia Hoy</em> 5 (30): 25–34.</p>
<p>Kristensen, M.J. & Frangi, J.L. (2015) Chasmophytic vegetation and mesoclimates of rock outcrops in Ventania (Buenos Aires, Argentina).<em> Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica</em> 50: 35–46. https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v50.n1.11018</p>
<p>Lellinger, D.B. (2002) A Modern Multilingual Glossary for Taxonomic Pteridology. <em>Pteridologia</em> 3: 1–263. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124209</p>
<p>Mallet, J. (1995) A species definition for the modern synthesis. <em>Trends in Ecology & Evolution </em>10 (7): 294–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(95)90031-4</p>
<p>Márquez, M.I., Kristensen, M.J., Lavornia, J.M. & Linares, S. (2019) Evaluation of factors that affect the spatial distribution of alien shrubs to monitor their invasion in a Pampa protected landscape in Tandil, Argentina. <em>Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade </em>6 (13): 427–444. https://doi.org/10.21438/rbgas.061312</p>
<p>Moran, R.C., Garrison Hanks, J. & Rouhan, G. (2007) Spore morphology in relation to phylogeny in the fern genus <em>Elaphoglossum</em> (Dryopteridaceae). <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences</em> 168: 905–929. [2007]</p>
<p>Morrone, J.J. (2017) <em>Neotropical biogeography: Regionalization and evolution. </em>Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1201/b21824</p>
<p>Morrone, J.J. (2018) <em>Evolutionary biogeography of the Andean region</em>. Boca Raton, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429486081</p>
<p>Passarelli, L.M., Gabriel y Galán, J.M., Prada, C. & Rolleri, C.H. (2010) Spore morphology and ornamentation in the genus <em>Blechnum</em> (Blechnaceae). <em>Grana, iFirst</em>: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2010.524245</p>
<p>Ponce, M.M. (1996) Pteridophyta. <em>In:</em> Zuloaga, F.O. & Morrone, O. (eds.) Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina I: Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledoneae). <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany<br>from the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 60: 1–79.</p>
<p>Ponce, M., Mehltreter, K. & de la Sota, E.R. (2002) Análisis biogeográfico de la diversidad pteridofítica en Argentina y Chile continental. <em>Revista Chilena de Historia Natural</em> 75: 703–717.</p>
<p>Ponce, M.M. & Arana, M.D. (2016) <em>Rumohra</em> Raddi (Dryopteridaceae). <em>In:</em> Ponce, M.M. & Arana, M.D. (coord.) <em>Flora vascular de la República Argentina. Licofitas. Helechos. Gymnospermae.</em> Vol. 2. pp. 165–166.</p>
<p>PPG I. (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution </em>54: 563–603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229</p>
<p>Raddi, G. (1819) Synopsis filicum brasiliensium. <em>Opuscoli Scientifici d’una Società di Professori della Pontifical Università di Bologna</em> 3: 279–297.</p>
<p>Rakotondrainibe, F. (2010) Le genre <em>Rumohra</em> Raddi (Pteridophyta, Dryopteridaceae) à Madagascar: une espèce et deux combinaisons nouvelles. <em>Adansonia</em> 32: 217–228.</p>
<p>Shah, S.N., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Hadi, F., Khan, M.N., Noor, A., Malik, K., Rashid, N., Kamal, A., Iqbal, M. & Hussain, M. (2021) Application of spore morphology to solve identification problems in certain species of family Dryopteridaceae from Malakand Division, Pakistan. <em>Microscopic Research & Techniques</em> 84: 1897—1910. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23746</p>
<p>Sundue, M.A., Hirai, R.Y. & Prado, J. (2013) <em>Rumohra glandulosissima</em> (Dryopteridaceae) a new species from the Atlantic Rainforest, and revision of the species occurring in Brazil. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 38: 915–924.</p>
<p>Tryon, A.F. & Lugardon, B. (1991) <em>Spores of the Pteridophyta</em>. New York: Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8991-0</p>
<p>von Trinius, C.B. (1830) <em>Stipa</em> subgenus <em>Nassella</em>. <em>Mémoires de l’Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. Sixième Série. Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles</em> 1: 73.</p>
<p>Wagner, W.H. & Beitel, J.M. (1992) Generic classification of modern North American Lycopodiaceae. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 79: 676—686.</p>
<p>Zalba, S.M. & Villamil, C.B. (2002) Woody plant invasion in relictual grasslands. <em>Biological Invasions </em>4: 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020532609792</p>
<p>Arana, M.D., Morrone, J.J., Ponce, M. & Oggero, A.J. (2013) Patrones biogeográficos de los helechos de las sierras de Córdoba (Argentina) y sus implicancias en la conservación. <em>Gayana Botánica</em> 70: 357–376. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432013000200013</p>
<p>Arana, M.D., Martínez, G.A., Oggero, A.J., Natale, E.S. &. Morrone, J.J. (2017) Map and shapefile of the biogeographic provinces of Argentina. <em>Zootaxa </em>4341: 420–422. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4341.3.6.</p>
<p>Arana, M.D., Natale, E., Oggero, A., Ferreti, N., Romano, G., Martínez, G., Posadas, P. & Morrone, J.J. (2021) <em>Esquema biogeográfico de la República Argentina. Opera lilloana 56</em>. Tucumán: Fundación Miguel Lillo. [http://www.lillo.org.ar/editorial/index.php/publicaciones/catalog/book/253]</p>
<p>Ballivián Justiniano, C.A., Lanfranchinia, M.E., Recio, C., de Barrio, R.E., Sato, A.M., Basei, M.A.S., Pimentel, M.M., Etcheverry, R.O. & Tassinari, C.C.G. (2017) Geology and petrogenetic considerations of the Loma Marcelo skarn, Neoproterozoic basement of the Ventania System, Argentina. <em>Precambrian Research</em> 302: 358–380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2017.09.021</p>
<p>Bauret, L., Rouhan, G., Hirai, R.Y., Perrie, L., Prado, J., Salino, A., Senterre, B., Shepherd, L., Sundue, M., Selosse, M.-A. & Gaudeul, M. (2017) Molecular data, based on an exhaustive species sampling of the fern genus <em>Rumohra</em> (Dryopteridaceae), reveal a biogeographical history mostly shaped by dispersal and several cryptic species in the widely distributed <em>Rumohra adiantiformis</em>. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 185: 463–481. https://doi.org/10.1093/BOTLINNEAN/BOX072</p>
<p>Bilenca, D. & Miñarro, F. (2004) <em>Identificación de áreas valiosas de pastizal en las pampas y campos de Argentina, Uruguay y sur de Brasil</em>. Buenos Aires: Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina.</p>
<p>Brade, A.C. (1972) O gênero <em>Dryopteris</em> (Pteridophyta) no Brasil e sua divisão taxonômica. <em>Bradea</em> 1: 191–267.</p>
<p>Cavanilles, A.J. (1802) <em>Descripción de las plantas que D. Antonio Josef Cavanilles demostró en las lecciones públicas del año 1801 precedida de los principios elementales de la botánica</em>. Imprenta Real, Madrid. [https://archive.org/details/descripciondelas1802cava]</p>
<p>Crane, F.W. (1960) A key to American <em>Dryopteris</em> species based on characters of the perispore. <em>American Fern Journal</em> 50: 270—275.</p>
<p>Ching, R.C. (1934) A revision of the compound leaved Polysticha and other related species in the continental Asia including Japan and Formosa. <em>Sinensia </em>5 (1-2): 23–91.</p>
<p>Cingolani, C.A. (2011) The Tandilia system of Argentina as a southern extension of the Río de la Plata craton: An overview. <em>International Journal of Earth Sciences</em> 100: 221–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-010-0611-5</p>
<p>Colla, L. (1836) Plantae rariores in regionibus Chilensibus a Clar. M. D. Bertero nuper detectae, et ab A. Colla in lucem editae, Fascic. VII. <em>Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino</em> 39: 1–56.</p>
<p>Cordani, U.G., D’Agrella-Filho, M.S., Brito Neves, B.B. & Trinidade, R.I.F. (2003) Tearing up Rodinia: the Neoproterozoic palaeogeography of South American cratonic fragments. <em>Terra Nova</em> 15: 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2003.00506.x</p>
<p>Crisci, J.V., Freire, S., Sancho, G. & Katinas, L. (2001) Historical biogeography of the Asteraceae from Tandilia and Ventania mountain ranges (Buenos Aires, Argentina). <em>Caldasia</em> 23: 21–41.</p>
<p>D´Ambroggio de Argüeso, A. (1986) <em>Manual de Técnicas en Histología Vegetal</em>. Buenos Aires: Hemisferio Sur.</p>
<p>de la Sota, E.R. (1967) Composición, origen y vinculaciones de la flora pteridológica de las sierras de Buenos Aires (Argentina). <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica</em> 11: 105–128.</p>
<p>de La Sota, E.R., Ponce, M.M., Morbelli, M.A. & Cassá De Pazos, L.A. (1998) Pteridophyta. <em>In:</em> Correa, M.N. (ed.) Flora Patagónica. <em>Colección Científica del INTA </em>8: 282–369.</p>
<p>de la Sota, E.R., Giudice, G.E., Ponce, M., Ramos Giacosa, J.P. & Arturi, M. (2004) Relaciones fitogeográficas de la flora pteridofitica serrana bonaerense. <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica </em>39: 181–194</p>
<p>De Queiroz, K. (2007) Species Concepts and Species delimitation. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 56: 879–886.</p>
<p>Desvaux, É.-É. (1854) Gramíneas. <em>Flora Chilena</em> 6: 233–469.</p>
<p>Duek, J.J. & Rodríguez Rios, R. (1972) Lista preliminar de las especies de Pteridophyta de Chile continental e insular. <em>Boletín de la Sociedad de Biología de Concepción</em> 45: 129–174.</p>
<p>Fée, A.L.A. (1873) <em>Cryptogames vasculaires du Brésil</em>. Vol. 2. Paris: Veuve Berger-Levraut & Fils Libraries.</p>
<p>Forster, J.G.A. (1786) <em>Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus</em>. Gottingen: Joann. Christian Dieterich.</p>
<p>IUCN (2012) <em>IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 3.1. Second Edition. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge. [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/RL-2001-001-2nd.pdf]</p>
<p>Kacoliris, F.P., Berkunsky, I., Velasco, M.A. & Cortelezzi, A. (2013) <em>Pastizales Serranos del Sistema de Tandilia</em>. Tandil: Neotropical Grasslands Conservancy.</p>
<p>Korall, P. & Taylor, W.A. (2006) Megaspore morphology in the Selaginellaceae in a phylogenetic context: a study of the megaspore surface and wall structure using scanning electron microscopy. <em>Grana</em> 45: 22–60.</p>
<p>Kristensen, M. & Frangi, J.L. (1995) La Sierra de la Ventana: una isla de biodiversidad. <em>Ciencia Hoy</em> 5 (30): 25–34.</p>
<p>Kristensen, M.J. & Frangi, J.L. (2015) Chasmophytic vegetation and mesoclimates of rock outcrops in Ventania (Buenos Aires, Argentina).<em> Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica</em> 50: 35–46. https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v50.n1.11018</p>
<p>Lellinger, D.B. (2002) A Modern Multilingual Glossary for Taxonomic Pteridology. <em>Pteridologia</em> 3: 1–263. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124209</p>
<p>Mallet, J. (1995) A species definition for the modern synthesis. <em>Trends in Ecology & Evolution </em>10 (7): 294–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(95)90031-4</p>
<p>Márquez, M.I., Kristensen, M.J., Lavornia, J.M. & Linares, S. (2019) Evaluation of factors that affect the spatial distribution of alien shrubs to monitor their invasion in a Pampa protected landscape in Tandil, Argentina. <em>Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade </em>6 (13): 427–444. https://doi.org/10.21438/rbgas.061312</p>
<p>Moran, R.C., Garrison Hanks, J. & Rouhan, G. (2007) Spore morphology in relation to phylogeny in the fern genus <em>Elaphoglossum</em> (Dryopteridaceae). <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences</em> 168: 905–929. [2007]</p>
<p>Morrone, J.J. (2017) <em>Neotropical biogeography: Regionalization and evolution. </em>Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1201/b21824</p>
<p>Morrone, J.J. (2018) <em>Evolutionary biogeography of the Andean region</em>. Boca Raton, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429486081</p>
<p>Passarelli, L.M., Gabriel y Galán, J.M., Prada, C. & Rolleri, C.H. (2010) Spore morphology and ornamentation in the genus <em>Blechnum</em> (Blechnaceae). <em>Grana, iFirst</em>: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2010.524245</p>
<p>Ponce, M.M. (1996) Pteridophyta. <em>In:</em> Zuloaga, F.O. & Morrone, O. (eds.) Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina I: Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledoneae). <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany<br>from the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 60: 1–79.</p>
<p>Ponce, M., Mehltreter, K. & de la Sota, E.R. (2002) Análisis biogeográfico de la diversidad pteridofítica en Argentina y Chile continental. <em>Revista Chilena de Historia Natural</em> 75: 703–717.</p>
<p>Ponce, M.M. & Arana, M.D. (2016) <em>Rumohra</em> Raddi (Dryopteridaceae). <em>In:</em> Ponce, M.M. & Arana, M.D. (coord.) <em>Flora vascular de la República Argentina. Licofitas. Helechos. Gymnospermae.</em> Vol. 2. pp. 165–166.</p>
<p>PPG I. (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution </em>54: 563–603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229</p>
<p>Raddi, G. (1819) Synopsis filicum brasiliensium. <em>Opuscoli Scientifici d’una Società di Professori della Pontifical Università di Bologna</em> 3: 279–297.</p>
<p>Rakotondrainibe, F. (2010) Le genre <em>Rumohra</em> Raddi (Pteridophyta, Dryopteridaceae) à Madagascar: une espèce et deux combinaisons nouvelles. <em>Adansonia</em> 32: 217–228.</p>
<p>Shah, S.N., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Hadi, F., Khan, M.N., Noor, A., Malik, K., Rashid, N., Kamal, A., Iqbal, M. & Hussain, M. (2021) Application of spore morphology to solve identification problems in certain species of family Dryopteridaceae from Malakand Division, Pakistan. <em>Microscopic Research & Techniques</em> 84: 1897—1910. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23746</p>
<p>Sundue, M.A., Hirai, R.Y. & Prado, J. (2013) <em>Rumohra glandulosissima</em> (Dryopteridaceae) a new species from the Atlantic Rainforest, and revision of the species occurring in Brazil. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 38: 915–924.</p>
<p>Tryon, A.F. & Lugardon, B. (1991) <em>Spores of the Pteridophyta</em>. New York: Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8991-0</p>
<p>von Trinius, C.B. (1830) <em>Stipa</em> subgenus <em>Nassella</em>. <em>Mémoires de l’Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. Sixième Série. Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles</em> 1: 73.</p>
<p>Wagner, W.H. & Beitel, J.M. (1992) Generic classification of modern North American Lycopodiaceae. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 79: 676—686.</p>
<p>Zalba, S.M. & Villamil, C.B. (2002) Woody plant invasion in relictual grasslands. <em>Biological Invasions </em>4: 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020532609792</p>