Abstract
The brown macroalgae in the order Fucales include foundation species on rocky habitats of temperate regions. This work focused on Fucus guiryi, a recently described species segregated from F. spiralis in a molecular basis. It inhabits the upper intertidal zone from the eastern North Atlantic to the subtropical Canary Islands, where is considered its southern limit. We examined morphology and anatomy of vegetative and reproductive structures of F. guiryi from the Canary Islands. Several distinctive characteristics in habit existed between F. guiryi and other species of the genus distributed northwards, such as length and width of stipe and branches, number of branches, and morphology and number of receptacles. Anatomical features reported here for the first time exhibited subtle differences with temperate F. vesiculosus, F. spiralis and F. serratus. The morphology and arrangement of medulla, cortex and meristoderm were also distinctive for F. guiryi. Mucilage in cellular interstitial spaces constitutes good evidence that explains the presence of F. guiryi at its warmest distribution limit in the Canary Islands.
References
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<p>Hillebrand, H. (2004) On the generality of the latitudinal diversity gradient. <em>The American Naturalist</em> 163: 192–211. https://doi.org/10.1086/381004</p>
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<p>Jueterbock, A., Tyberghein, L., Verbruggen, H., Coyer, J.A., Olsen, J.L. & Hoarau, G. (2013) Climate change impact on seaweed meadow distribution in the North Atlantic rocky intertidal. <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <em>3</em>: 1356–1373. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.541</p>
<p>Jueterbock, A., Coyer, J.A., Olsen, J.L. & Hoarau, G. (2018) Decadal stability in genetic variation and structure in the intertidal seaweed <em>Fucus serratus</em> (Heterokontophyta: Fucaceae). <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology </em>18: 94. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1213-2</p>
<p>Kerswell, A.P. (2006) Global biodiversity patterns of benthic marine algae. <em>Ecology</em>, 87: 2479–2488. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2479:GBPOBM]2.0.CO;2</p>
<p>Knight, M. & Parke, M. (1950) A biological study of <em>Fucus vesiculosus</em> L. and <em>F. serratus</em> L. <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom</em> 26: 439–514. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400055454</p>
<p>Kuo, J. (2007) <em>Electron microscopy methods and protocols</em>, 2nd Edition. Humana Press Inc. Totowa, New Jersey, 608 pp.</p>
<p>Leandro, A., Pereira, L. & Gonçalves, A.M. (2019) Diverse applications of marine macroalgae. <em>Marine Drugs </em>18: 17–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18010017</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, <em>exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas</em>. Vol. 2. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, pp. 561–1200.</p>
<p>Lourenço, C.R., Zardi, G.I., McQuaid, C.D., Serrão, E.A., Pearson, G.A., Jacinto, R. & Nicastro, K.R. (2016) Upwelling areas as climate change refugia for the distribution and genetic diversity of a marine macroalga. <em>Journal of Biogeography </em>43: 1595–1607. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12744</p>
<p>Lüning, K. (1990) <em>Seaweeds: their environment, biogeography, and ecophysiology.</em> John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, U.S.A., 544 pp.</p>
<p>Mabeau, S. & Kloareg, B. (1987) Isolation and analysis of the cell walls of brown algae: <em>Fucus spiralis</em>, <em>F. ceranoides</em>, <em>F. vesiculosus</em>, <em>F. serratus</em>, <em>Bifurcaria bifurcata</em> and <em>Laminaria digitata</em>. <em>Journal of Experimental Botany </em>38: 1573–1580. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/38.9.1573</p>
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