Abstract
Stropharia populicola sp. nov., found during autumn under Populus spp. in Shanxi Province of North China, is described and illustrated. Stropharia populicola is similar and closely related to S. jilinensis and S. scabella but can be distinguished from the latter two species by the acanthocytes commonly present in the hymenium. Phylogenetic analysis supports its taxonomic position in the genus Stropharia.
References
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<p>Bandala, V.M., Montoya, L. & Jarvio, D. (2005) <em>Agarics</em> from coffee plantations in Eastern Mexico: two new records. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 20: 17–29.</p>
<p>Bau, T. & Meng, T.X. (2008) <em>Strophariaceae</em> of China (II) <em>Stropharia</em>. <em>Journal of Fungal Research</em> 6: 7–34.</p>
<p>Chen, Z.H., Yang, Z.L., Bau, T. & Li,T.H. (2016) <em>Poisonous mushrooms: Recognition and poisoning treatment</em>. Beijing: Science Press. 308 pp.</p>
<p>Cortez, V.G. & Coelho, G. (2008) Occurrence of the rare agaric <em>Stropharia melanosperma</em> (<em>Strophariaceae</em>) in Brazil. <em>Boletiìn de la Sociedad Micologica de Madrid</em> 32: 31–37.</p>
<p>Cortez, V.G. & Silveira, R.M.B. (2007) A new species of <em>Stropharia</em> with hymenial acanthocytes. <em>Mycologia</em> 99 (1): 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2007.11832609</p>
<p>Cortez, V.G. & Silveira, R.M.B. (2008) The agaric genus <em>Stropharia</em> (<em>Strophariaceae</em>, <em>Agaricales</em>) in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 32: 31–57.</p>
<p>David, A. (1986) <em>Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (2nd ed.)</em>. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. 380 pp.</p>
<p>Desjardin, D.E. & Hemmes, D.E. (2001) <em>Agaricales</em> of the Hawaiian Islands - 7. Notes on <em>Volvariella</em>, <em>Mycena</em> sect. <em>Radiatae</em>, <em>Physalacria</em>, <em>Porpoloma</em> and <em>Stropharia</em>. <em>Harvard Papers in Botany</em> 6: 85–103.</p>
<p>Dring, D.M. (1971) Techniques for microscopic preparation. <em>In:</em> Booth, C. (Ed.) <em>Methods in microbiology</em>. Vol. 4. New York: Academic Press, pp. 95–111.</p>
<p>Farr, D.F. (1980) The acanthocyte, a unique cell type in <em>Stropharia</em> (<em>Agaricales</em>). <em>Mycotaxon</em> 11: 241–249.</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for <em>basidiomycetes </em>– application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2 (2): 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</p>
<p>He, M.Q., Zhao, R.L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D., Kemler, M., Yurkov, A., McKenzie, E., H., C., Raspé, O., Kakishima, M., Sánchez-Ramírez, S., Vellinga, E.C., Halling, R., Papp, V., Zmitrovich, I.V., Buyck, B., Ertz, D., Wijayawardene, N.N., Cui, B.K., Schoutteten, N., Liu, X.Z., Li, T.H., Yao, Y.J., Zhu, X.Y., Liu, A.Q., Li, G.J., Zhang, M.Z., Ling, Z.L., Cao, B., Antonín, V., Boekhout, T., Silva, B.D.B., Crop, D.E., Decock, C., Dima, B., Dutta, A.K., Fell, J.W., Geml, J., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., Gibertoni, T.B., Gorjón, S.P., Haelewaters, D., He, S.H., Hodkinson, B.P., Horak, E., Hoshino, T., Justo, A., Lim, T.W., Menolli Jr., N., Mešić, A., Moncalvo, J.M., Mueller, G.M., Nagy, L.G., Nilsson, R.H., Noordeloos, M., Nuytinck, J., Orihara, T., Ratchadawan, C., Rajchenberg, M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Sulzbacher, M.A., Tkalčec, Z., Valenzuela, R., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Wartchow, F., Wei, T.Z., Weiß, M., Zhao, C.L. & Kirk, P.M. (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of <em>Basidiomycota</em>. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 99: 105–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4</p>
<p>Hillis, D.M. & Bull, J.J. (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 42 (2): 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/42.2.182</p>
<p>Khan, M.B., Ishaq, M., Kiran, M., Fiaz, M. & Khalid, A.N. (2019) <em>Stropharia</em> <em>atroferruginea</em> (<em>Agaricales</em>, <em>Strophariaceae</em>), a new species from Battagram district, Pakistan. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 409 (2): 83–92.</p>
<p>Kuo, M. (2017) <em>Stropharia kauffmanii</em>. Retrieved from the Mushroom Expert. Com Website: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/stropharia_kauffmanii.html (accessed 9 September 2021)</p>
<p>Liu, B. (1991) <em>The edible macrofungi in Shanxi</em>. Taiyuan: United Press of Shanxi Universities. 132 pp.</p>
<p>Noordeloos, M.E. (1995) Norulae ad Floram Agaricinam Neerlandicam-XXIII, <em>Psilocybe</em> and <em>Pholiota</em>. <em>Persoonia</em> 16 (1): 127–129.</p>
<p>Noordeloos, M.E. (1999) <em>Strophariaceae</em>. <em>Flora Agaricina Neerlandica</em> 4: 27–107.</p>
<p>Norvell, L.L. & Redhead, S.A. (2000) <em>Stropharia albivelata</em> and its basionym <em>Pholiota albivelata</em>. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 76: 315–320.</p>
<p>Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest 2.2. Computer software distributed by the University of Uppsala. Sweden: Evolutionary Biology Centre.</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2000) Estimating the rate of molecular evolution: incorporating non-contemporaneous sequences into maximum likelihood phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 16 (4): 395–399. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/16.4.395</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree v1. 4.0. University of Oxford.</p>
<p>Redhead, S.A. (1984) Mycological observations 4-12: on <em>Kueheneromyces</em>, <em>Stropharia</em>, <em>Marasmius</em>, <em>Mycena</em>, <em>Geopetalum</em>, <em>Omphalopsis</em>, <em>Phaeomarasmius</em>, <em>Naucoria</em> and <em>Prunulus</em>. <em>Sydowia</em> 37: 246–270.</p>
<p>Roger, P. (2010) <em>Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America</em>. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. 228 pp.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19 (12): 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Seger, C., Sulzbacher, M.A. & Cortez, V.G. (2016) <em>Stropharia Coelhoi</em> (<em>Basidiomycota</em>): a new species from Brazil. <em>Darwiniana, </em>nueva serie 4 (1): 132–137. https://doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2016.41.689</p>
<p>Senthilarasu, G. & Singh, S.K. (2013) A new species of <em>Stropharia</em> from Western Ghats, India. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 123: 213–220. https://doi.org/10.5248/123.213</p>
<p>Silva, P.S., Cortez, V.G. & Silveira, R.M.B. (2009) New species of <em>Stropharia</em> from Araucaria angustifolia forests of southern Brazil. <em>Mycologia</em> 101 (4): 539–544. https://doi.org/10.3852/08-097</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-vI-HPC: maximum-likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics </em>22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A., Ludwig, T. & Meier, H. (2005) RAxML-III: a fast program for maximum likelihood-based inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 21 (4): 456–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti191</p>
<p>Tian, E.J. & Bau, T. (2014) <em>Stropharia jilinensis</em>, a new species (<em>Strophariaceae</em>, <em>Agaricales</em>) from China. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 99 (1–2): 271–276. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0141</p>
<p>Tian, E.J. & Matheny, P.B. (2021) A phylogenetic assessment of <em>Pholiota</em> and the new genus <em>Pyrrhulomyces</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 113 (1): 146–167.</p>
<p>Tian, E.J., Gao, C.H., Xie, X.M. & Zheng, Y. (2021) <em>Stropharia lignicola</em> (<em>Strophariaceae</em>, <em>Agaricales</em>), a new species with acanthocytes in the hymenium from China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 505 (3): 286–296 https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.505.3.4</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. <em>Journal of bacteriology</em> 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In</em>: Innis, M., Gelfand, D., Sninsky, J. & White, T. (Eds.) <em>PCR Protocols: A guide to Methods and Applications </em>18 (1). Academic Press, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Bandala, V.M., Montoya, L. & Jarvio, D. (2005) <em>Agarics</em> from coffee plantations in Eastern Mexico: two new records. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 20: 17–29.</p>
<p>Bau, T. & Meng, T.X. (2008) <em>Strophariaceae</em> of China (II) <em>Stropharia</em>. <em>Journal of Fungal Research</em> 6: 7–34.</p>
<p>Chen, Z.H., Yang, Z.L., Bau, T. & Li,T.H. (2016) <em>Poisonous mushrooms: Recognition and poisoning treatment</em>. Beijing: Science Press. 308 pp.</p>
<p>Cortez, V.G. & Coelho, G. (2008) Occurrence of the rare agaric <em>Stropharia melanosperma</em> (<em>Strophariaceae</em>) in Brazil. <em>Boletiìn de la Sociedad Micologica de Madrid</em> 32: 31–37.</p>
<p>Cortez, V.G. & Silveira, R.M.B. (2007) A new species of <em>Stropharia</em> with hymenial acanthocytes. <em>Mycologia</em> 99 (1): 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2007.11832609</p>
<p>Cortez, V.G. & Silveira, R.M.B. (2008) The agaric genus <em>Stropharia</em> (<em>Strophariaceae</em>, <em>Agaricales</em>) in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 32: 31–57.</p>
<p>David, A. (1986) <em>Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (2nd ed.)</em>. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. 380 pp.</p>
<p>Desjardin, D.E. & Hemmes, D.E. (2001) <em>Agaricales</em> of the Hawaiian Islands - 7. Notes on <em>Volvariella</em>, <em>Mycena</em> sect. <em>Radiatae</em>, <em>Physalacria</em>, <em>Porpoloma</em> and <em>Stropharia</em>. <em>Harvard Papers in Botany</em> 6: 85–103.</p>
<p>Dring, D.M. (1971) Techniques for microscopic preparation. <em>In:</em> Booth, C. (Ed.) <em>Methods in microbiology</em>. Vol. 4. New York: Academic Press, pp. 95–111.</p>
<p>Farr, D.F. (1980) The acanthocyte, a unique cell type in <em>Stropharia</em> (<em>Agaricales</em>). <em>Mycotaxon</em> 11: 241–249.</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for <em>basidiomycetes </em>– application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2 (2): 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</p>
<p>He, M.Q., Zhao, R.L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D., Kemler, M., Yurkov, A., McKenzie, E., H., C., Raspé, O., Kakishima, M., Sánchez-Ramírez, S., Vellinga, E.C., Halling, R., Papp, V., Zmitrovich, I.V., Buyck, B., Ertz, D., Wijayawardene, N.N., Cui, B.K., Schoutteten, N., Liu, X.Z., Li, T.H., Yao, Y.J., Zhu, X.Y., Liu, A.Q., Li, G.J., Zhang, M.Z., Ling, Z.L., Cao, B., Antonín, V., Boekhout, T., Silva, B.D.B., Crop, D.E., Decock, C., Dima, B., Dutta, A.K., Fell, J.W., Geml, J., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., Gibertoni, T.B., Gorjón, S.P., Haelewaters, D., He, S.H., Hodkinson, B.P., Horak, E., Hoshino, T., Justo, A., Lim, T.W., Menolli Jr., N., Mešić, A., Moncalvo, J.M., Mueller, G.M., Nagy, L.G., Nilsson, R.H., Noordeloos, M., Nuytinck, J., Orihara, T., Ratchadawan, C., Rajchenberg, M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Sulzbacher, M.A., Tkalčec, Z., Valenzuela, R., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Wartchow, F., Wei, T.Z., Weiß, M., Zhao, C.L. & Kirk, P.M. (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of <em>Basidiomycota</em>. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 99: 105–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4</p>
<p>Hillis, D.M. & Bull, J.J. (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 42 (2): 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/42.2.182</p>
<p>Khan, M.B., Ishaq, M., Kiran, M., Fiaz, M. & Khalid, A.N. (2019) <em>Stropharia</em> <em>atroferruginea</em> (<em>Agaricales</em>, <em>Strophariaceae</em>), a new species from Battagram district, Pakistan. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 409 (2): 83–92.</p>
<p>Kuo, M. (2017) <em>Stropharia kauffmanii</em>. Retrieved from the Mushroom Expert. Com Website: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/stropharia_kauffmanii.html (accessed 9 September 2021)</p>
<p>Liu, B. (1991) <em>The edible macrofungi in Shanxi</em>. Taiyuan: United Press of Shanxi Universities. 132 pp.</p>
<p>Noordeloos, M.E. (1995) Norulae ad Floram Agaricinam Neerlandicam-XXIII, <em>Psilocybe</em> and <em>Pholiota</em>. <em>Persoonia</em> 16 (1): 127–129.</p>
<p>Noordeloos, M.E. (1999) <em>Strophariaceae</em>. <em>Flora Agaricina Neerlandica</em> 4: 27–107.</p>
<p>Norvell, L.L. & Redhead, S.A. (2000) <em>Stropharia albivelata</em> and its basionym <em>Pholiota albivelata</em>. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 76: 315–320.</p>
<p>Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest 2.2. Computer software distributed by the University of Uppsala. Sweden: Evolutionary Biology Centre.</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2000) Estimating the rate of molecular evolution: incorporating non-contemporaneous sequences into maximum likelihood phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 16 (4): 395–399. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/16.4.395</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree v1. 4.0. University of Oxford.</p>
<p>Redhead, S.A. (1984) Mycological observations 4-12: on <em>Kueheneromyces</em>, <em>Stropharia</em>, <em>Marasmius</em>, <em>Mycena</em>, <em>Geopetalum</em>, <em>Omphalopsis</em>, <em>Phaeomarasmius</em>, <em>Naucoria</em> and <em>Prunulus</em>. <em>Sydowia</em> 37: 246–270.</p>
<p>Roger, P. (2010) <em>Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America</em>. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. 228 pp.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19 (12): 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Seger, C., Sulzbacher, M.A. & Cortez, V.G. (2016) <em>Stropharia Coelhoi</em> (<em>Basidiomycota</em>): a new species from Brazil. <em>Darwiniana, </em>nueva serie 4 (1): 132–137. https://doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2016.41.689</p>
<p>Senthilarasu, G. & Singh, S.K. (2013) A new species of <em>Stropharia</em> from Western Ghats, India. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 123: 213–220. https://doi.org/10.5248/123.213</p>
<p>Silva, P.S., Cortez, V.G. & Silveira, R.M.B. (2009) New species of <em>Stropharia</em> from Araucaria angustifolia forests of southern Brazil. <em>Mycologia</em> 101 (4): 539–544. https://doi.org/10.3852/08-097</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-vI-HPC: maximum-likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics </em>22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A., Ludwig, T. & Meier, H. (2005) RAxML-III: a fast program for maximum likelihood-based inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 21 (4): 456–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti191</p>
<p>Tian, E.J. & Bau, T. (2014) <em>Stropharia jilinensis</em>, a new species (<em>Strophariaceae</em>, <em>Agaricales</em>) from China. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 99 (1–2): 271–276. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0141</p>
<p>Tian, E.J. & Matheny, P.B. (2021) A phylogenetic assessment of <em>Pholiota</em> and the new genus <em>Pyrrhulomyces</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 113 (1): 146–167.</p>
<p>Tian, E.J., Gao, C.H., Xie, X.M. & Zheng, Y. (2021) <em>Stropharia lignicola</em> (<em>Strophariaceae</em>, <em>Agaricales</em>), a new species with acanthocytes in the hymenium from China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 505 (3): 286–296 https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.505.3.4</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. <em>Journal of bacteriology</em> 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In</em>: Innis, M., Gelfand, D., Sninsky, J. & White, T. (Eds.) <em>PCR Protocols: A guide to Methods and Applications </em>18 (1). Academic Press, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>