Abstract
The paper presents a detailed nomenclatural study of the name Anthurium ×macrolobum, an accepted artificial hybrid between A. leuconeurum and A. pedatoradiatum, which is a popular ornamental houseplant cultivated around the world. Nomenclatural confusion was found to be associated with the valid publication of A. ×macrolobum, and a binding decision of the General Committee for Botanical Nomenclature is required. Furthermore, since A. ×macrolobum was published six years later than the name A. ×dentatum by Devansaye (1883 vs. 1877) for the same hybrid, it has to be superseded by the latter name according to the priority principle. However, the name proposed in 1877 has never been used, and its later isonym (A. ×dentatum by André, published in 1884) has been traditionally treated as a taxonomic synonym of A. ×macrolobum. Therefore, for preserving the standing application of the name A. ×macrolobum, its conservation against of A. ×dentatum by Devansaye is desirable. Neotypes for both A. ×macrolobum and A. ×dentatum by Devansaye are designated in the present paper.
References
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<p>Anonymous (1883) New plants at Mr. Bull’s. <em>The Gardeners’ Chronicle,</em> <em>New series [2<sup>nd</sup> series]</em> 19: 404–405.</p>
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<p>Bull, W. (1883c) New plants for 1883. <em>The Gardeners’ Chronicle,</em> <em>New series [2<sup>nd</sup> series]</em> 19: 497.</p>
<p>Carlsen, M.M. & Croat, T.B. (2007) Taxonomic revision of <em>Anthurium</em> section <em>Semaeophyllium </em>Schott (Araceae). <em>Harvard Papers in Botany</em> 12: 173–234. https://doi.org/10.3100/1043-4534(2007)12[173:TROASS]2.0.CO;2</p>
<p>Carlsen, M.M. & Croat, T.B. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the species-rich Neotropical genus <em>Anthurium</em> (Araceae) based on combined chloroplast and nuclear DNA. <em>Systematic Botany </em>38: 576–588. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X670287</p>
<p>Carlsen, M.M. & Croat, T.B. (2019) An analysis of the sectional classification of <em>Anthurium</em> (Araceae): comparing infrageneric groupings and their diagnostic morphology with a molecular phylogeny of the genus. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>104: 69–82. https://doi.org/10.3417/2018215</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. (1983) A revision of the genus <em>Anthurium</em> (Araceae) of Mexico and Central America. Part I: Mexico and Middle America. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 70: 211–416. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399049</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. (1999) Anthurium<em> Nomenclature & References</em>. Available from: http://www.aroid.org/genera/anthurium/anthspp.php (accessed 16 May 2021).</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & Hormell, R. (2017) New Central American species of sect. <em>Andiphilum</em> (Araceae) – The <em>Anthurium silvigaudens</em> Standl. & Steyerm. complex. <em>Aroideana</em> 40: 117–149.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & Sheffer, R.D. (1983) The sectional grouping of <em>Anthurium </em>(Araceae). <em>Aroideana</em> 6: 85–123.</p>
<p>Díaz Jiménez, P., Pérez-Farrera, M.Á., Croat, T.B., Cedeño-Fonseca, M., Gómez-Domínguez, H., Ortiz, O.O. & Aguilar-Rodríguez, P.A. (2020) Two new species of <em>Anthurium </em>sect. <em>Andiphilum </em>(Araceae) from Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa </em>454 (2): 104–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.2.2</p>
<p>Devansaye, A. de la (1877) Fécondation et hybridation des Aroïdées. <em>Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l’Europe</em> 22: 37–47.</p>
<p>Ender, E. (1864) <em>Index aroidearum: Verzeichniss sämmtlicher Aroideen, welche bereits beschrieben und in den Gärten befindlich sind, mit Aufführung ihrer Synonyme</em>. Wiegand & Hempel, Berlin, XVII + 85 pp.</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1879) Araceae. <em>In:</em> Candolle, A. de & Candolle, C. de (Eds.) <em>Monographiae Phanerogamarum</em>, vol. 2. G. Masson, Paris, pp. 1–681. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45961</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1898) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Araceae. VIII. 15. Revision der Gattung <em>Anthurium</em> Schott. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em> 25: 352–476.</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1905) <em>Anthurium</em> Schott. <em>In:</em> Engler, A. (Ed.) <em>Das Pflanzenreich: Regni vegetabilis conspectus, IV, 23B</em>, Heft 21. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 53–281.</p>
<p>Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2002) <em>Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen</em>. Ed. 17. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 990 pp.</p>
<p>Gaerdt, H. & Wittmack, L. (1882) <em>Anthurium pedato-radiatum</em> <em>× leuconeurum. Garten-Zeitung </em>1: 467.</p>
<p>GBIF (2021) <em>Global Biodiversity Information Facility</em>. Available from: https://www.gbif.org (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>Gentil, L. (1907) <em>Liste des plantes cultivées dans les serres chaudes et coloniales du Jardin botanique de l’état à Bruxelles</em>. P. Weissenbruch, Brussels, 195 pp.</p>
<p>HUH (2013) <em>Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries: Index of botanists</em>. Available from: http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/botanist_index.html (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>IPNI (2021) <em>International Plant Names Index. </em>Available from: https://www.ipni.org (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>Kamemoto, H. & Kuehnle, A.R. (1996) <em>Breeding Anthuriums in Hawaii</em>. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 168 pp.</p>
<p>Koch, K. (1875) Hybrid Aroids. <em>The Gardeners’ Chronicle,</em> <em>New series [2<sup>nd</sup> series] </em>4: 398–399.</p>
<p>Lemaire, C. (1862) <em>Anthurium leuconeurum</em>.<em> L’Illustration Horticole </em>9: t. 314.</p>
<p>Linnaeus (1762) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. 2. Ed. 2. L. Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 785–1684 + [64]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11179</p>
<p>Nachychko, V.O., Sosnovsky, Y.V. & Prokopiv, A.I. (2021) (99) Request for a binding decision on the descriptive statement associated with <em>Anthurium</em> ×<em>macrolobum</em> (Araceae). <em>Taxon </em>70: 685–686. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12521</p>
<p>Ortiz, O.O., Croat, T.B., Hormell, R. & Cedeño-Fonseca, M. (2020) Advances towards the completion of the <em>Anthurium</em> Flora of Central America (Araceae, Pothoideae): contribution of thirty-one new species from Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 467 (1): 1–61. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.467.1.1</p>
<p>POWO (2021) <em>Plants of the World Online</em>. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1829) Für Liebhaber der Botanik. <em>Wiener Zeitschrift für Kunst, Literatur, Theater und Mode</em> [vol. of 1829]: 828.</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1859) Über <em>Anthurium podophyllum </em>Knth. <em>Bonplandia</em> 7: 337–338.</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1860) <em>Prodromus systematis Aroidearum</em>. Typis congregationis mechitharisticae, Vienna, 602 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68</p>
<p>Stafleu, A.F. & Mennega, E.A. (1992) <em>Taxonomic literature: A seletive guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Supplement I</em>. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, 453 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48631</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021 [continuously updated]) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. [Regnum Vegetabile 159]. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, XXXVIII + 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>WFO (2021) <em>World Flora Online</em>. Available from: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/ (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>Anonymous (1883) New plants at Mr. Bull’s. <em>The Gardeners’ Chronicle,</em> <em>New series [2<sup>nd</sup> series]</em> 19: 404–405.</p>
<p>Boyce, P.C. & Croat, T.B. (2020) <em>The Überlist of Araceae, totals for published and estimated number of species in aroid genera</em>. Available from: http://www.aroid.org/genera/20201008Uberlist.pdf (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>Braun, A. & Bouché, C. (Eds.) (1855) <em>Index seminum in Horto Botanico Berolinensi anno 1855 collectorum</em>. C. Feisteri, Berlin, 10 + 24 pp.</p>
<p>Bull, W. (1883a) <em>A retail list of new, beautiful & rare plants, offered by William Bull</em>. H.M. Pollett & Co, London, 178 + [4] pp.</p>
<p>Bull, W. (1883b) New plants for 1883. <em>The Gardeners’ Chronicle,</em> <em>New series [2<sup>nd</sup> series]</em> 19: 304.</p>
<p>Bull, W. (1883c) New plants for 1883. <em>The Gardeners’ Chronicle,</em> <em>New series [2<sup>nd</sup> series]</em> 19: 497.</p>
<p>Carlsen, M.M. & Croat, T.B. (2007) Taxonomic revision of <em>Anthurium</em> section <em>Semaeophyllium </em>Schott (Araceae). <em>Harvard Papers in Botany</em> 12: 173–234. https://doi.org/10.3100/1043-4534(2007)12[173:TROASS]2.0.CO;2</p>
<p>Carlsen, M.M. & Croat, T.B. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the species-rich Neotropical genus <em>Anthurium</em> (Araceae) based on combined chloroplast and nuclear DNA. <em>Systematic Botany </em>38: 576–588. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X670287</p>
<p>Carlsen, M.M. & Croat, T.B. (2019) An analysis of the sectional classification of <em>Anthurium</em> (Araceae): comparing infrageneric groupings and their diagnostic morphology with a molecular phylogeny of the genus. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>104: 69–82. https://doi.org/10.3417/2018215</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. (1983) A revision of the genus <em>Anthurium</em> (Araceae) of Mexico and Central America. Part I: Mexico and Middle America. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 70: 211–416. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399049</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. (1999) Anthurium<em> Nomenclature & References</em>. Available from: http://www.aroid.org/genera/anthurium/anthspp.php (accessed 16 May 2021).</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & Hormell, R. (2017) New Central American species of sect. <em>Andiphilum</em> (Araceae) – The <em>Anthurium silvigaudens</em> Standl. & Steyerm. complex. <em>Aroideana</em> 40: 117–149.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & Sheffer, R.D. (1983) The sectional grouping of <em>Anthurium </em>(Araceae). <em>Aroideana</em> 6: 85–123.</p>
<p>Díaz Jiménez, P., Pérez-Farrera, M.Á., Croat, T.B., Cedeño-Fonseca, M., Gómez-Domínguez, H., Ortiz, O.O. & Aguilar-Rodríguez, P.A. (2020) Two new species of <em>Anthurium </em>sect. <em>Andiphilum </em>(Araceae) from Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa </em>454 (2): 104–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.2.2</p>
<p>Devansaye, A. de la (1877) Fécondation et hybridation des Aroïdées. <em>Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l’Europe</em> 22: 37–47.</p>
<p>Ender, E. (1864) <em>Index aroidearum: Verzeichniss sämmtlicher Aroideen, welche bereits beschrieben und in den Gärten befindlich sind, mit Aufführung ihrer Synonyme</em>. Wiegand & Hempel, Berlin, XVII + 85 pp.</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1879) Araceae. <em>In:</em> Candolle, A. de & Candolle, C. de (Eds.) <em>Monographiae Phanerogamarum</em>, vol. 2. G. Masson, Paris, pp. 1–681. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45961</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1898) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Araceae. VIII. 15. Revision der Gattung <em>Anthurium</em> Schott. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em> 25: 352–476.</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1905) <em>Anthurium</em> Schott. <em>In:</em> Engler, A. (Ed.) <em>Das Pflanzenreich: Regni vegetabilis conspectus, IV, 23B</em>, Heft 21. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 53–281.</p>
<p>Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N. & Seybold, S. (2002) <em>Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen</em>. Ed. 17. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 990 pp.</p>
<p>Gaerdt, H. & Wittmack, L. (1882) <em>Anthurium pedato-radiatum</em> <em>× leuconeurum. Garten-Zeitung </em>1: 467.</p>
<p>GBIF (2021) <em>Global Biodiversity Information Facility</em>. Available from: https://www.gbif.org (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>Gentil, L. (1907) <em>Liste des plantes cultivées dans les serres chaudes et coloniales du Jardin botanique de l’état à Bruxelles</em>. P. Weissenbruch, Brussels, 195 pp.</p>
<p>HUH (2013) <em>Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries: Index of botanists</em>. Available from: http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/botanist_index.html (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>IPNI (2021) <em>International Plant Names Index. </em>Available from: https://www.ipni.org (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>Kamemoto, H. & Kuehnle, A.R. (1996) <em>Breeding Anthuriums in Hawaii</em>. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 168 pp.</p>
<p>Koch, K. (1875) Hybrid Aroids. <em>The Gardeners’ Chronicle,</em> <em>New series [2<sup>nd</sup> series] </em>4: 398–399.</p>
<p>Lemaire, C. (1862) <em>Anthurium leuconeurum</em>.<em> L’Illustration Horticole </em>9: t. 314.</p>
<p>Linnaeus (1762) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. 2. Ed. 2. L. Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 785–1684 + [64]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11179</p>
<p>Nachychko, V.O., Sosnovsky, Y.V. & Prokopiv, A.I. (2021) (99) Request for a binding decision on the descriptive statement associated with <em>Anthurium</em> ×<em>macrolobum</em> (Araceae). <em>Taxon </em>70: 685–686. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12521</p>
<p>Ortiz, O.O., Croat, T.B., Hormell, R. & Cedeño-Fonseca, M. (2020) Advances towards the completion of the <em>Anthurium</em> Flora of Central America (Araceae, Pothoideae): contribution of thirty-one new species from Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 467 (1): 1–61. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.467.1.1</p>
<p>POWO (2021) <em>Plants of the World Online</em>. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1829) Für Liebhaber der Botanik. <em>Wiener Zeitschrift für Kunst, Literatur, Theater und Mode</em> [vol. of 1829]: 828.</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1859) Über <em>Anthurium podophyllum </em>Knth. <em>Bonplandia</em> 7: 337–338.</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1860) <em>Prodromus systematis Aroidearum</em>. Typis congregationis mechitharisticae, Vienna, 602 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68</p>
<p>Stafleu, A.F. & Mennega, E.A. (1992) <em>Taxonomic literature: A seletive guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Supplement I</em>. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, 453 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48631</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021 [continuously updated]) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. [Regnum Vegetabile 159]. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, XXXVIII + 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>WFO (2021) <em>World Flora Online</em>. Available from: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/ (accessed 16 May 2021)</p>