Abstract
Panus is a genus of the order Polyporales with a gilled hymenium. Although Panus was earlier considered as a sub genus of the genus Lentinus, molecular phylogenetic studies support the independent status of the genus. As a result, many species were transferred from Lentinus to Panus. Many more species of Lentinus that are more related to Panus, still await critical taxonomic studies and formal transfers. Morphological and molecular data obtained from L. bambusinus and L. roseus reveal that these are Panus species. Two new combinations in the genus Panus are proposed here.
References
<p>Binder, M., Justo, A., Riley, R., Salamov, A., Giraldez, F.L., Sjökvist, E., Copeland, A., Foster, B., Sun, H., Larsson, E., Larsson, K.H., Townsend, J., Grigoriev, I.V. & Hibbett, D.S. (2013) Phylogenetic and phylogenomic overview of the Polyporales. <em>Mycologia</em> 105: 1350–1373. https://doi.org/10.3852/13-003</p>
<p>Corner, E.J.H. (1981) The agaric genera <em>Lentinus</em>, <em>Panus</em> and <em>Pleurotus</em>. <em>Beiheftezur Nova Hedwigia</em> 69: 1‒169.</p>
<p>Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Wartchow, F., Coimbra, V.R.M., Gibertoni, T.B. & Cavalcanti, M.A.Q. (2012) Studies on lentinoid fungi (<em>Lentinus </em>and <em>Panus</em>) from the semi-arid region of Brazil. <em>Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society</em> 139: 437‒446. https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-12-00019.1</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1838) <em>Epicrisis systematis Mycologici</em>. E TypographiaAcademica, Uppsala, 610 pp.</p>
<p>García-Sandoval, R., Wang, Z., Binder, M. & Hibbett, D.S. (2011) Molecular phylogenetics of the Gloeophyllales and relative ages of clades of Agaricomycotina producing a brown rot. <em>Mycologia</em> 103: 510–524. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-209</p>
<p>Grand, E.A. (2004) <em>Systematics and species concepts in the genera Lentinus Fr. and Panus Fr., with emphasis on the Lentinus tigrinus, L. crinitus and Panus lecomtei complexes.</em> PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee, 127 pp. [https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4544]</p>
<p>Hibbett, D.S. & Vilgalys, R. (1991) Evolutionary relationships of <em>Lentinus</em> to the Polyporaceae: evidence from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. <em>Mycologia</em> 83: 425–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1991.12026032</p>
<p>Hibbett, D.S. & Vilgalys, R. (1993) Phylogenetic relationships of <em>Lentinus</em> (Basidiomycotina) inferred from molecular and morphological characters. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 18: 409–433. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419417</p>
<p>Hussein, J.M., Tibuhwa, D.D., Mshandete, A.M. & Kivaisi, A.K. (2014) Molecular phylogeny of saprophytic wild edible mushroom species from Tanzania based on ITS and nLSU rDNA sequences. <em>Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology</em> 4: 250–260. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/4/2/12</p>
<p>Justo, A., Miettinen, O., Floudas, D., Ortiz-Santana, B., Sjokvist, E., Lindner, D., Nakasone, K., Niemelä, T., Larsson, K.H., Ryvarden, L. & Hibbett, D.S. (2017) A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota). <em>Fungal Biology</em> 121: 798–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010</p>
<p>Karunarathna, S.C., Yang, Z.L., Zhao, R.L., Vellinga, E.C., Bahkali, A.H., Chukeatirote, E. & Hyde, K.D. (2011) Three new species of <em>Lentinus</em> from northern Thailand. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 10: 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0701-6</p>
<p>Kühner, R. (1980) <em>Les Hyménomycètes agaricoides</em>. <em>Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon</em> 49: 1‒1027. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1980.10422</p>
<p>Kumar, T.K.A. & Manimohan, P. (2005) A new species of <em>Lentinus </em>from India. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 92: 119‒123.</p>
<p>Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 35: 1547‒1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096</p>
<p>Macherey-Nagel (2014) NucleoSpin® Plant II: Genomic DNA from Plant User manual, June 2014/Rev.03. Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co. KG. Düren.</p>
<p>Miettinen, O., Larsson, E., Sjökvist, E. & Larsson, K.H. (2012) Comprehensive taxon sampling reveals unaccounted diversity and morphological plasticity in a group of dimitic polypores (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). <em>Cladistics</em> 28: 251–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00380.x</p>
<p>Moreno, G., Blanco, M.N., Checa, J., Platas, G. & Peláez, F. (2011) Taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of three rare irpicoid species within the Meruliaceae. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 10: 481–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0717-y</p>
<p>Njouonkou, A., Mossebo, D.C. & Akoa, A. (2013) The genera <em>Lentinus</em> and <em>Panus </em>in the Dja Biosphere Reserve and its periphery, Cameroon. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 68: 517–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-013-9461-1</p>
<p>Njouonkou, A., Watling, R. & Degreef, J. (2013a) <em>Lentinus cystidiatus sp. nov</em>. (Polyporaceae): an African lentinoid fungus with an unusual combination of both skeleto-ligative hyphae and pleurocystidia. <em>Plant Ecology and Evolution</em> 146: 240–245. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2013.792</p>
<p>Pegler, D.N. (1983) <em>The genus Lentinus: a world monograph. </em>Kew Bull Add Ser 10, 281 pp.</p>
<p>Redhead, S.A. & Ginns, J. (1985) A reappraisal of agaric genera associated with brown rots of wood. <em>Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan</em> 26: 349‒381.</p>
<p>Rune, F. (1994) <em>Neolentinus</em>-a well-founded genus in Pleurotaceae that includes <em>Heliocybe</em>. <em>Mycological Research</em> 98: 542‒544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80476-0</p>
<p>Seelan, J.S.S., Justo, A., Nagy, L.G., Grand, E.A., Readhead, H.A. & Hibbett, D. (2015) Phylogenetic relationships and morphological evolution in <em>Lentinus</em>, <em>Polyporellus</em> and <em>Neofavolus</em>, emphasizing southeastern Asian taxa. <em>Mycologia</em> 107: 460–474. https://doi.org/10.3852/14-084</p>
<p>Senthilarasu, G. (2015) The lentinoid fungi (<em>Lentinus </em>and <em>Panus</em>) from Western Ghats, India. <em>IMA Fungus</em> 6: 119–128. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.06</p>
<p>Senthilarasu, G. & Singh, S.K. (2012) A new species of <em>Lentinus</em> from India. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 121: 69–74. https://doi.org/10.5248/121.69</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1951) The Agaricales (Mushrooms) in modern taxonomy. <em>Lilloa</em> 22: 1–832.</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1975) <em>The Agaricales in modern taxonomy.</em> 2<sup>nd</sup> Ed. A. R. Gantner Verlag KG., Germany, 912 pp.</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1986) <em>The Agaricales in modern taxonomy</em>, 4<sup>th</sup> ed. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books, 981 pp.</p>
<p>Tamura, K. & Nei, M. (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 10: 512‒526.</p>
<p>Thorn, R.G., Moncalvo, J.M., Reddy, C.A. & Vilgalys, R. (2000) Phylogenetic analyses and the distribution of nematophagy support a monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid‒lentinoid fungi. <em>Mycologia</em> 92: 241–252. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761557</p>
<p>Zmitrovich, I.V. (2018) <em>Conspectus systematis Polyporacearum</em> v. 1.0. <em>Folia Cryptogamica Petropolitana</em> 6: 3‒145.</p>
<p>Zmitrovich, I.V. & Kovalenko, A.E. (2016) Lentinoid and polyporoid fungi, two generic conglomerates containing important medicinal mushrooms in molecular perspective. <em>International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms</em> 18: 23‒38. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v18.i1.40</p>
<p>Corner, E.J.H. (1981) The agaric genera <em>Lentinus</em>, <em>Panus</em> and <em>Pleurotus</em>. <em>Beiheftezur Nova Hedwigia</em> 69: 1‒169.</p>
<p>Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Wartchow, F., Coimbra, V.R.M., Gibertoni, T.B. & Cavalcanti, M.A.Q. (2012) Studies on lentinoid fungi (<em>Lentinus </em>and <em>Panus</em>) from the semi-arid region of Brazil. <em>Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society</em> 139: 437‒446. https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-12-00019.1</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1838) <em>Epicrisis systematis Mycologici</em>. E TypographiaAcademica, Uppsala, 610 pp.</p>
<p>García-Sandoval, R., Wang, Z., Binder, M. & Hibbett, D.S. (2011) Molecular phylogenetics of the Gloeophyllales and relative ages of clades of Agaricomycotina producing a brown rot. <em>Mycologia</em> 103: 510–524. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-209</p>
<p>Grand, E.A. (2004) <em>Systematics and species concepts in the genera Lentinus Fr. and Panus Fr., with emphasis on the Lentinus tigrinus, L. crinitus and Panus lecomtei complexes.</em> PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee, 127 pp. [https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4544]</p>
<p>Hibbett, D.S. & Vilgalys, R. (1991) Evolutionary relationships of <em>Lentinus</em> to the Polyporaceae: evidence from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. <em>Mycologia</em> 83: 425–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1991.12026032</p>
<p>Hibbett, D.S. & Vilgalys, R. (1993) Phylogenetic relationships of <em>Lentinus</em> (Basidiomycotina) inferred from molecular and morphological characters. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 18: 409–433. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419417</p>
<p>Hussein, J.M., Tibuhwa, D.D., Mshandete, A.M. & Kivaisi, A.K. (2014) Molecular phylogeny of saprophytic wild edible mushroom species from Tanzania based on ITS and nLSU rDNA sequences. <em>Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology</em> 4: 250–260. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/4/2/12</p>
<p>Justo, A., Miettinen, O., Floudas, D., Ortiz-Santana, B., Sjokvist, E., Lindner, D., Nakasone, K., Niemelä, T., Larsson, K.H., Ryvarden, L. & Hibbett, D.S. (2017) A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota). <em>Fungal Biology</em> 121: 798–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010</p>
<p>Karunarathna, S.C., Yang, Z.L., Zhao, R.L., Vellinga, E.C., Bahkali, A.H., Chukeatirote, E. & Hyde, K.D. (2011) Three new species of <em>Lentinus</em> from northern Thailand. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 10: 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0701-6</p>
<p>Kühner, R. (1980) <em>Les Hyménomycètes agaricoides</em>. <em>Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon</em> 49: 1‒1027. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1980.10422</p>
<p>Kumar, T.K.A. & Manimohan, P. (2005) A new species of <em>Lentinus </em>from India. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 92: 119‒123.</p>
<p>Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 35: 1547‒1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096</p>
<p>Macherey-Nagel (2014) NucleoSpin® Plant II: Genomic DNA from Plant User manual, June 2014/Rev.03. Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co. KG. Düren.</p>
<p>Miettinen, O., Larsson, E., Sjökvist, E. & Larsson, K.H. (2012) Comprehensive taxon sampling reveals unaccounted diversity and morphological plasticity in a group of dimitic polypores (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). <em>Cladistics</em> 28: 251–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00380.x</p>
<p>Moreno, G., Blanco, M.N., Checa, J., Platas, G. & Peláez, F. (2011) Taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of three rare irpicoid species within the Meruliaceae. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 10: 481–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0717-y</p>
<p>Njouonkou, A., Mossebo, D.C. & Akoa, A. (2013) The genera <em>Lentinus</em> and <em>Panus </em>in the Dja Biosphere Reserve and its periphery, Cameroon. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 68: 517–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-013-9461-1</p>
<p>Njouonkou, A., Watling, R. & Degreef, J. (2013a) <em>Lentinus cystidiatus sp. nov</em>. (Polyporaceae): an African lentinoid fungus with an unusual combination of both skeleto-ligative hyphae and pleurocystidia. <em>Plant Ecology and Evolution</em> 146: 240–245. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2013.792</p>
<p>Pegler, D.N. (1983) <em>The genus Lentinus: a world monograph. </em>Kew Bull Add Ser 10, 281 pp.</p>
<p>Redhead, S.A. & Ginns, J. (1985) A reappraisal of agaric genera associated with brown rots of wood. <em>Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan</em> 26: 349‒381.</p>
<p>Rune, F. (1994) <em>Neolentinus</em>-a well-founded genus in Pleurotaceae that includes <em>Heliocybe</em>. <em>Mycological Research</em> 98: 542‒544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80476-0</p>
<p>Seelan, J.S.S., Justo, A., Nagy, L.G., Grand, E.A., Readhead, H.A. & Hibbett, D. (2015) Phylogenetic relationships and morphological evolution in <em>Lentinus</em>, <em>Polyporellus</em> and <em>Neofavolus</em>, emphasizing southeastern Asian taxa. <em>Mycologia</em> 107: 460–474. https://doi.org/10.3852/14-084</p>
<p>Senthilarasu, G. (2015) The lentinoid fungi (<em>Lentinus </em>and <em>Panus</em>) from Western Ghats, India. <em>IMA Fungus</em> 6: 119–128. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.06</p>
<p>Senthilarasu, G. & Singh, S.K. (2012) A new species of <em>Lentinus</em> from India. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 121: 69–74. https://doi.org/10.5248/121.69</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1951) The Agaricales (Mushrooms) in modern taxonomy. <em>Lilloa</em> 22: 1–832.</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1975) <em>The Agaricales in modern taxonomy.</em> 2<sup>nd</sup> Ed. A. R. Gantner Verlag KG., Germany, 912 pp.</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1986) <em>The Agaricales in modern taxonomy</em>, 4<sup>th</sup> ed. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books, 981 pp.</p>
<p>Tamura, K. & Nei, M. (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 10: 512‒526.</p>
<p>Thorn, R.G., Moncalvo, J.M., Reddy, C.A. & Vilgalys, R. (2000) Phylogenetic analyses and the distribution of nematophagy support a monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid‒lentinoid fungi. <em>Mycologia</em> 92: 241–252. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761557</p>
<p>Zmitrovich, I.V. (2018) <em>Conspectus systematis Polyporacearum</em> v. 1.0. <em>Folia Cryptogamica Petropolitana</em> 6: 3‒145.</p>
<p>Zmitrovich, I.V. & Kovalenko, A.E. (2016) Lentinoid and polyporoid fungi, two generic conglomerates containing important medicinal mushrooms in molecular perspective. <em>International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms</em> 18: 23‒38. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v18.i1.40</p>