Abstract
Cheilanthes qiaojiaensis, a new fern of Pteridaceae subfamily Cheilanthoideae, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, C. qiaojiaensis is similar to C. chusana and Aleuritopteris rufa in having plants hairiness and laminae elliptic-lanceolate, but the new species has plants covered with dense hairs throughout, petiole and rachis flattened to narrowly grooved, and false indusia wide and continuous. The phylogenetic analysis also shows that C. qiaojiaensis is not a close relative of either A. rufa or C. chusana.
References
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<p>PPG I (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> 54: 563–603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229</p>
<p>Prado, J., Rodrigues, C.D.N., Salatino, A. & Salatino, M.L.F. (2007) Phylogenetic relationships among Pteridaceae, including Brazilian species, inferred from <em>rbcL</em> sequences. <em>Taxon</em> 56: 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.562008</p>
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<p>Rothfels, C.J., Windham, M.D., Grusz, A.L., Gastony, G.J. & Pryer, K.M. (2008) Toward a monophyletic <em>Notholaena</em> (Pteridaceae): Resolving patterns of evolutionary convergence in xeric-adapted ferns. <em>Taxon</em> 57: 712–724. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.573005</p>
<p>Schuettpelz, E., Schneider, H., Huiet, L., Windham, M.D. & Pryer, K.M. (2007) A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 44: 1172–1185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.011</p>
<p>Schuettpelz, E., Korall, P & Pryer, K.M. (2006) Plastid <em>atpA</em> data provide improved support for deep relationships among ferns. <em>Taxon</em> 55: 897–906. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065684</p>
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<p>Shing, K.-H. (1993) A new genus, <em>Paragymnopteris</em> Shing separated from <em>Gymnopteris </em>Bernh<em>. Indian Fern Journal</em> 10: 226–231.</p>
<p>Smith, A.R. & Cranfill, R.B. (2002) Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae). <em>American Fern Journal</em> 92: 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444(2002)092[0131:IROTTF]2.0.CO;2</p>
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<p>Swartz, O. (1806) <em>Synopsis Filicum</em> 5. Impensis bibliopolii novi academici, Kiliae, pp. 126–127.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2020) <em>Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]</p>
<p>Trevisan, V.B.A. (1877) <em>Mildella</em>, nuovo genere, tipo di nuova tribu di Felci Polipodiacee. <em>Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, Rendiconti </em>9: 810.</p>
<p>Wang, W., Yang, W.-L., Dou, P. & Zhang, G.-M. (2015a) A systematic study of Cheilosoria ferns based on four chloroplast DNA sequences.<em> Chinese Bulletin of Botany</em> 50: 310–320. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1259.2015.00310</p>
<p>Wang, W., Yang, W.-L., Mao, X.-X., Zhao, R.-R., Dou, P. & Zhang, G.-M. (2015b) The phylogenetic affinities of <em>Pellaea connectens</em>, a rare endemic Chinese fern. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 220: 30–42. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.220.1.2</p>
<p>Yesilyurt, J.C., Barbara, T., Schneider, H., Russell, S., Culham, A. & Gibby, M. (2015) Identifying the generic limits of the cheilanthoid genus <em>Doryopteris</em> (Pteridaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 221: 101–122. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.221.2.1</p>
<p>Zhang, G.-M., Yatskievych, G., Hooper, E.A. & Ranker, T.A. (2013) Cheilanthoideae. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H., Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China. </em>Vol. 2 (1). Science Press, Beijing; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. pp. 216–237.</p>
<p>Zhang, G.-M., Zhang, X.-C., Chen, Z.-D., Liu, H.-M. & Yang, W.-L. (2007) First insights in the phylogeny of Asian cheilanthoid ferns based on sequences of two chloroplast markers. <em>Taxon </em>56: 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.562009</p>
<p>Brown, R. (1810) <em>Prodromus floræ Novæ Hollandiæ et Insulæ Van-Diemen: exhibens characteres plantarum quas annis</em> 1802–1805. R. Taylor & Co., London, 145 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52309</p>
<p>Ching, R.-C. (1941) The studies of Chinese ferns-XXXI. <em>Hong Kong Naturalist </em>10: 194–204.</p>
<p>Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. <em>Nature Methods</em> 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109</p>
<p>Eiserhardt, W.L., Rohwer, J.G., Russell, S.J., Yesilyurt, J.C. & Schneider, H. (2011) Evidence for radiations of cheilanthoid ferns in the Greater Cape Floristic Region. <em>Taxon</em> 60: 1269–1283. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.605004</p>
<p>Fée, A.L.A. (1852) <em>Genera Filicum. Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères</em> V. Berger-Levrault, Strassburg, pp. 148, 153–154.</p>
<p>Gastony, G.J. & Rollo, D.R. (1995) Phylogeny and generic circumscriptions of Cheilanthoid ferns (Pteridaceae: Cheilanthoideae) inferred from <em>rbcL</em> nucleotide sequences. <em>American Fern Journal</em> 85: 341–360. https://doi.org/10.2307/1547814</p>
<p>Gastony, G.J. & Rollo, D.R. (1998) Cheilanthoid ferns (Pteridaceae: Cheilanthoideae) in the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico—a molecular phylogenetic reassessment of generic lines. <em>Aliso</em> 17: 131–144. https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.19981702.04</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008</p>
<p>Hasebe, M., Omori, T., Nakazawa, M., Sano, T., Kato, M. & Iwatsuki, K. (1994) <em>rbcL</em> gene sequences provide evidence for the evolutionary lineages of leptosporangiate ferns. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA</em> 91: 5730–5734. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.12.5730</p>
<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 17: 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee.</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability.<em> Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kirkpatrick, R.E.B. (2007) Investigating the monophyly of <em>Pellaea</em> (Pteridaceae) in the context of a phylogenetic analysis of cheilanthoid ferns. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 32: 504–518. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407782250616</p>
<p>Kao, T.T., Rothfels, C.J., Melgoza-Castillo, A., Pryer, K.M. & Windham, M.D. (2020) Infraspecific diversification of the star cloak fern (<em>Notholaena standleyi</em>) in the deserts of the United States and Mexico.<em> American Journal of Botany</em> 107: 658–675. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1461</p>
<p>Li, F.-W., Kuo, L.-Y., Huang, Y.-M., Chiou, W.-L. & Wang, C.-N. (2010) Tissue-direct PCR, a rapid and extraction-free method for barcoding of ferns. <em>Molecular Ecology Resources</em> 10: 92–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02745.x</p>
<p>Link, J.H.F. (1841) <em>Filicum species in horto regio Berolinensi cultae</em>. Veit & Co., Berlin, pp. 59–60.</p>
<p>Mickel, J.T. (1979) The fern genus <em>Cheilanthes</em> in the continental United States. <em>Phytologia</em> 41: 431–437. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20791</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 14 November 2010</em>. New Orleans, LA, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Nagalingum, N.S., Schneider, H. & Pryer, K.M. (2007) Molecular phylogenetic relationships and morphological evolution in the heterosporous fern genus Marsilea. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 32: 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407780360256</p>
<p>Nadot, S., Bajon, R. & Lejeune, B. (1994) The chloroplast gene <em>rps4</em> as a tool for the study of Poaceae phylogeny. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 191: 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00985340</p>
<p>PPG I (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> 54: 563–603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229</p>
<p>Prado, J., Rodrigues, C.D.N., Salatino, A. & Salatino, M.L.F. (2007) Phylogenetic relationships among Pteridaceae, including Brazilian species, inferred from <em>rbcL</em> sequences. <em>Taxon</em> 56: 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.562008</p>
<p>Pryer, K.M., Smith, A.R., Hunt, J.S. & Dubuisson, J.Y. (2001) <em>rbcL</em> data reveal two monophyletic groups of filmy ferns (Filicopsida: Hymenophyllaceae). <em>American Journal of Botany </em>88: 1118–1130. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657095</p>
<p>Rothfels, C.J., Windham, M.D., Grusz, A.L., Gastony, G.J. & Pryer, K.M. (2008) Toward a monophyletic <em>Notholaena</em> (Pteridaceae): Resolving patterns of evolutionary convergence in xeric-adapted ferns. <em>Taxon</em> 57: 712–724. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.573005</p>
<p>Schuettpelz, E., Schneider, H., Huiet, L., Windham, M.D. & Pryer, K.M. (2007) A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 44: 1172–1185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.011</p>
<p>Schuettpelz, E., Korall, P & Pryer, K.M. (2006) Plastid <em>atpA</em> data provide improved support for deep relationships among ferns. <em>Taxon</em> 55: 897–906. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065684</p>
<p>Shing, K.-H. & Wu, S.-K. (1990) Sinopteridaceae. <em>In</em>: Ching, R.-C. & Shing, K.-H. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em>, vol. 3 (1). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 97–173.</p>
<p>Shing, K.-H. (1993) A new genus, <em>Paragymnopteris</em> Shing separated from <em>Gymnopteris </em>Bernh<em>. Indian Fern Journal</em> 10: 226–231.</p>
<p>Smith, A.R. & Cranfill, R.B. (2002) Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae). <em>American Fern Journal</em> 92: 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444(2002)092[0131:IROTTF]2.0.CO;2</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 57: 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642</p>
<p>Swartz, O. (1806) <em>Synopsis Filicum</em> 5. Impensis bibliopolii novi academici, Kiliae, pp. 126–127.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2020) <em>Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]</p>
<p>Trevisan, V.B.A. (1877) <em>Mildella</em>, nuovo genere, tipo di nuova tribu di Felci Polipodiacee. <em>Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, Rendiconti </em>9: 810.</p>
<p>Wang, W., Yang, W.-L., Dou, P. & Zhang, G.-M. (2015a) A systematic study of Cheilosoria ferns based on four chloroplast DNA sequences.<em> Chinese Bulletin of Botany</em> 50: 310–320. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1259.2015.00310</p>
<p>Wang, W., Yang, W.-L., Mao, X.-X., Zhao, R.-R., Dou, P. & Zhang, G.-M. (2015b) The phylogenetic affinities of <em>Pellaea connectens</em>, a rare endemic Chinese fern. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 220: 30–42. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.220.1.2</p>
<p>Yesilyurt, J.C., Barbara, T., Schneider, H., Russell, S., Culham, A. & Gibby, M. (2015) Identifying the generic limits of the cheilanthoid genus <em>Doryopteris</em> (Pteridaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 221: 101–122. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.221.2.1</p>
<p>Zhang, G.-M., Yatskievych, G., Hooper, E.A. & Ranker, T.A. (2013) Cheilanthoideae. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H., Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China. </em>Vol. 2 (1). Science Press, Beijing; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. pp. 216–237.</p>
<p>Zhang, G.-M., Zhang, X.-C., Chen, Z.-D., Liu, H.-M. & Yang, W.-L. (2007) First insights in the phylogeny of Asian cheilanthoid ferns based on sequences of two chloroplast markers. <em>Taxon </em>56: 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.562009</p>