Abstract
Laccaria macrocystidiata, a marasmioid species, originally described as Laccaria affinis f. macrocystidiata from Central Italy, was synonymised with the North American taxon Laccaria laccata var. pallidifolia, but only on a morphological basis. In this paper, the independent position of L. macrocystidiata from L. laccata var. pallidifolia and other species of Laccaria is pointed out on the basis of ITS-LSU phylogenetic analyses. According to our results, Laccaria macrocystidiata var. longispinosa is considered a synonym of Laccaria macrocystidiata. Laccaria macrocystidiata holotype consists of only one basidioma in poor condition; thus, a new epitype from an Italian collection was designated.
References
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<p>Pázmány, D. (1994) Zur Systematik der Gattung <em>Laccaria</em> Bk. et Br.<em> Zeitschrift für Mykologie</em> 60 (1): 5–12.</p>
<p>Peck, C.H. (1890) Report of the State Botanist (1889). <em>Annual Report on the New York State Museum of Natural History </em>43: 51–97.</p>
<p>Peck, C.H. (1912) Report of the State Botanist 1911. <em>Bulletin of the New York State Museum</em> 157: 1–139.</p>
<p>Popa, F., Rexer, K.H., Donges, K., Yang, Z.L. & Kost, G. (2014) Three new <em>Laccaria</em> species from Southwest China (Yunnan) <em>Mycological Progress</em> 13: 1105–1117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-014-0998-7</p>
<p>Popa, F., Jimenéz, S.Y.C., Weisenborn, J., Donges, K., Rexer, K.H. & Piepenbring, M. (2016) A new <em>Laccaria</em> species from cloud forest of Fortuna, Panama. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 15: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1139-7</p>
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<p>Singer, R. (1967) Notes sur le genre <em>Laccaria. Bulletin de la Société Mycologiquesde la France</em> 83 (1): 104–123.</p>
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<p>Bon, M. (1983) Tricholomataceae de France et d’Europe occidentale (6éme partie: Tribu Clitocybeae Fay.).<em> Documents Mycologiques</em> 13 (51): 1–53.</p>
<p>Bon, M. & Contu, M. (1985).Taxons nouveaux. <em>Documents Mycologiques</em> 15 (59): 53.</p>
<p>Cho, H.J., Park, M.S., Lee, H., Oh, S.Y., Wilson, A.W., Mueller, G.M. & Lim, Y.W. (2018) A systematic revision of the ectomycorrhizal genus <em>Laccaria</em> from Korea. <em>Mycologia </em>110 (5): 948–961. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1507542</p>
<p>Contu, M. (1992)<em> Taxa nova Agaricalium</em>. <em>Boletín de la Sociedade Broteriana</em>, Sér. 2, 65: 79–82.</p>
<p>Contu, M. (2003) Il genere <em>Laccaria</em> (Basidiomycotina, Agaricales) in Italia, con note sulle rimanenti specie in Europa. <em>Bollettino del Gruppo Micologico “G. Bresadola”</em> 46 (1): 5–58.</p>
<p>Cooke, M.C. (1884) New British fungi. <em>Grevillea </em>12 (63): 65–70.</p>
<p>Dovana, F., Contu, M., Angeli, P., Brandi, A. & Mucciarelli, M. (2017) <em>Leucoagaricus ariminensis sp. nov.</em>, a lilac species from Italy. <em>Mycotaxon </em>132 (1): 205–216. https://doi.org/10.5248/132.205</p>
<p>Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf material. <em>Phytochem Bull </em>19: 11–15.</p>
<p>Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. <em>Evolution </em>39: 783–791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology </em>2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</p>
<p>Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. <em>Nucleic Acids Research </em>30: 3059–3066. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436</p>
<p>Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organisation and analysis of sequence data. <em>Bioinformatics </em>28: 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199</p>
<p>Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008) <em>Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi. 10th Edition</em>. CABI, Europe, UK, 492 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998268.0000</p>
<p>Kjøller, R. (2006) Disproportionate abundance between ectomycorrhizal root tips and their associated mycelia. <em>FEMS Microbiology Ecology</em> 58 (2): 214–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00166.x</p>
<p>Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution </em>35: 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096</p>
<p>Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2017) PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution </em>34: 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260</p>
<p>Luo, X., Ye, L., Chen, J., Karunarathna, S.C., Xu, J., Hyde, K.D. & Mortimer, P.E. (2016) <em>Laccaria rubroalba</em> sp.nov. (Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales) from Southwestern China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 284 (1): 41–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.1.4</p>
<p>Migliozzi, V. & Lavorato, C. (1988) Appunti di micoflora mediterranea. 6. <em>Laccaria affinis</em> fo. <em>macrocystidiata</em> fo. nov. <em>Micologia Italiana</em> 17 (2): 3–6.</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE)</em>. 14 Nov. 2010, New Orleans, LA, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Moreno, G., Castillo, A. & Thüs, H. (2018) Critical revision of type material of <em>Stemonitales </em>(<em>Myxogastria</em>) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 344: 149–159. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3</p>
<p>Mueller, G.M. (1992) Systematics of <em>Laccaria</em> (Agaricales) in the continental United States and Canada, with discussion on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types. <em>Fieldiana Botany New Series</em> 30: 1–158. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2598</p>
<p>Pázmány, D. (1994) Zur Systematik der Gattung <em>Laccaria</em> Bk. et Br.<em> Zeitschrift für Mykologie</em> 60 (1): 5–12.</p>
<p>Peck, C.H. (1890) Report of the State Botanist (1889). <em>Annual Report on the New York State Museum of Natural History </em>43: 51–97.</p>
<p>Peck, C.H. (1912) Report of the State Botanist 1911. <em>Bulletin of the New York State Museum</em> 157: 1–139.</p>
<p>Popa, F., Rexer, K.H., Donges, K., Yang, Z.L. & Kost, G. (2014) Three new <em>Laccaria</em> species from Southwest China (Yunnan) <em>Mycological Progress</em> 13: 1105–1117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-014-0998-7</p>
<p>Popa, F., Jimenéz, S.Y.C., Weisenborn, J., Donges, K., Rexer, K.H. & Piepenbring, M. (2016) A new <em>Laccaria</em> species from cloud forest of Fortuna, Panama. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 15: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1139-7</p>
<p>Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Posterior summarisation in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 67 (5): 901–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032</p>
<p>Ramos, A., Bandala, V.M. & Montoya, L. (2017) A new species and a new record of <em>Laccaria</em> (Fungi, Basidiomycota) found in a relict forest of the endangered <em>Fagus grandifolia</em> var. <em>mexicana</em>. <em>MycoKeys</em> 27: 77–94. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.27.21326</p>
<p>Redhead, S.A. & Smith, A.H. (1986) Two new genera of agarics based on <em>Psilocybe corneipes</em> and <em>Phaeocollybia perplexa</em>. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 64 (3): 643–647. https://doi.org/10.1139/b86-082</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology </em>61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Sesli, E., Contu, M. & Helfer, S. (2012) A new record for the Turkish Mycota from Trabzon:<em> Laccaria macrocystidiata </em>(Migl. & Lavorato) Pázmány. <em>Mantar Dergisi/The Journal of Fungus</em> 3 (1–2): 1–3.</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1967) Notes sur le genre <em>Laccaria. Bulletin de la Société Mycologiquesde la France</em> 83 (1): 104–123.</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML Version 8: A tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics </em>30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (1988) Glossary. <em>In</em>: Bas, C., Kuyper, T.W., Noordeloos, M.E. & Vellinga, E.C. (Eds.) <em>Flora Agaricina Neerlandica</em>. <em>Critical monographs on families of agarics and boleti occurring in the Netherlands</em>, vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 54–64.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. & Mueller, G.M. (1987) Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on <em>Laccaria</em> B. & Br. II. <em>Laccaria bicolor</em>, <em>L. fraterna</em>, and <em>L. laccata</em> var. <em>pallidifolia</em>. <em>Persoonia</em> 13: 383–385.</p>
<p>Vincenot, L., Popa, F., Laso, F., Donges, K., Rexer, K.H., Kost, G., Yang, Z.L., Nara, K. & Selosse, M.A. (2017) Out of Asia: bio-geography of fungal populations reveals Asian origin of diversification of the <em>Laccaria amethystine</em> complex, and two new species of violet <em>Laccaria</em>. <em>Fungal Biology</em> 121 (11): 939–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.08.001</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus </em>species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Vizzini, A., Contu, M., Kalamees, K., Ercole, E., Musumeci, E., Moreno, G., Manjón, J.L. & Alvarado, P. (2011) On the variability of spore ornamentation in <em>Laccaria tortilis</em> (Basidiomycota, Agaricales). <em>Mycotaxon</em> 116: 217–225. https://doi.org/10.5248/116.217</p>
<p>Ważny, R. & Kowalski, S. (2017) Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of silver-fir seedlings regenerating in fir stands and larch forecrops. <em>Trees</em> 31: 929–939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1518-y</p>
<p>Wang, X.H., Das, K., Bera, I., Chen, Y.H., Bhatt, R.P., Ghosh, A., Hembrom, M.E., Hofstetter, V., Parihar, A., Vizzini, A., Xu, T.M., Zhao, C.L. & Buyck, B. (2019) Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81–90. <em>Cryptogamie Mycologie</em> 40: 57–95. https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5</p>
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