Abstract
Gujarat is the westernmost state of India and is known for varied climatic conditions starting from moist deciduous forest to pure desert conditions as in the Greater Rann of Kachchh. A major part of the geographical area of Gujarat is a semi-arid region with dry climatic conditions; but studies on pteridophyte diversity of Gujarat state have always been neglected by botanists. Consequently, the diversity of pteridophytes in the state was poorly represented with 12 genera and only 16 species reported in previous literature. The present investigation was carried out to document species diversity and to update the checklist of pteridophytes occurring in Gujarat state. A total of 50 naturally occurring species or subspecies representing 23 genera in 14 families were collected from different regions of the state. An additional 13 species cultivated in the University Botanical Garden or in homes and gardens have also been noted. Among the indigenous species, Aleuritopteris anceps, A. formosana, Ceratopteris thalictroides subsp. thalictroides, Ophioglossum indicum, O. lancifolium, O. lusoafricanum and O. petiolatum are reported as new distributional records for the state. The maximum diversity was observed in south Gujarat, followed by Central Gujarat and the Saurashtra region whereas less diversity was observed in the North and Kachchh regions. Results of our study are compared to findings made by earlier workers.
References
Alston, A.H.G. (1956) The Subdivision of the Polypodiaceae. Taxon 5 (2): 23–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/1216940
Anonymous (2017) State of Forest Report 2017. Forest Survey of India (Ministry of Environment & Forests) Kaulagarh Road, P.O -IPE, Dehradun - 248195. Available from: https://www.fsi.nic.in/forest-report-2017 (accessed 12 August 2021)
Beddome, R.H. (1863) The Ferns of Southern India: Being descriptions and plates of the ferns of the Madras presidency. Madras, Prints. 151. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119559
Bosman, M.T.M. (1991) A monograph of the fern genus Microsorum (Polypodiaceae). Leiden Botanical Series 14: 1–161.
Braun, A.K. (1868) Ophioglossaceae in Kuhn, Filices Africanae. Lipsiae,W. Engelmann. 179. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.163460
Brongniart, A.T. (1821) Description d’ un nouveau genra da Fougere, nomme, Cratopteris, Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique 8: 187.
Brown, R. (1810) Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae. Londini : Typis Richardi Taylor et socii, 590 pp.
Cavanilles, A.J. (1799) Tectaria, Anales de Historia Natural 1 (2): 306.
Christensen, C. (1931) Asiatic Pteridophyta Collected by Joseph F. Rock. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 26 (6): 530.
Copeland, E.B. (1907) Notes on the steere collections of Philippine ferns. Philippine Journal of Science, C Bot., 2 (6): 463.
Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12: 13–15.
Dudani, S.N. & Gavali, D.J. (2016) Thelypteris prolifera (Retz.) Copel. - A new fern record for Gujarat state and an additional distribution record for Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. in Gujarat. Indian Journal of Plant Sciences 5 (4): 7–10.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (1997) New species syndrome in Indian pteridology and the ferns of Nepal. Dehra Dun. 35 pp.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (2008) Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pteridophytes with a Revised Census-List. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 685 pp.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Gandhi, K.N. & Kholia, B.S. (2018) An Annotated checklist of Indian Pteridophytes Part - 2. (Woodsiaceae to Dryopteridaceae). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India, 573 pp.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Gandhi, K.N., Kholia, B.S. & Benniamin, A. (2016 [“2017”]) An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes Part-1 (Lycopodiaceae to Thelypteridaceae). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 562 pp.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Gandhi, K.N., Kholia, B.S. & Kandel, D.R. (2020 [“2021”]) An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes Part-3 (Lomariopsidaceae to Salviniaceae). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 450 pp.
GEC (Gujarat Ecological Commission) (1996) Biological diversity of Gujarat: Current knowledge. Technical report, GERI Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
Ghosh, S.R., Ghosh, B., Biswas, A. & Ghosh, A.K. (2004) The pteridophytic flora of eastern India Vol-1. Botanical Survey of India (Kolkata), 591 pp.
Greville, R.K. & Hooker, W.J. (1833) Botanical Miscellany 3: 510.
Hooker, J.D. (1823) Exotic Flora. Vol. 1. Edinburgh, Printed for W. Blackwood. 56 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51264
IUCN (2020) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-2. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (accessed 9 July 2020)
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patel, S.K. & Rajput, K.S. (2016) Reporting Adiantum capillus-veneris L. and Thelypteris prolifera (Retz.) C.F. Reed as new record for Gujarat state together with their molecular identity. Indian Fern Journal 33: 69–80.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patil, S.M. & Rajput, K.S. (2018a) Hypodematium crenatum subsp. crenatum (Hypodematiaceae): A new distributional record for Gujarat state. Fern Gazette 20 (7): 301–303.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patil, S.M., Patel, S.K. & Rajput, K.S. (2018b) Genus Ophioglossum L., from Western Part of India with Special Reference to Gujarat State. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10 (3): 373–378. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb10310243
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patil, S.M., Patel, S.K. & Rajput, K.S. (2018c) Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.P. St. John (Thelypteridaceae): New distribution record for Gujarat state. Indian Fern Journal 35: 29–36.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patil, S.M., Raole, V.M. & Rajput, K.S. (2019) Genus Athyrium Roth (Athyriaceae: Pteridophyta) from Gujarat State. Plant Science Today 6 (1): 54–62. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.1.471
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patil, S.M., Vasava, A.M., Raole, V.M., Patel, S.K. & Rajput, K.S. (2020) Silver Fern Genus Aleuritopteris Fee (Pteridaceae: Pteridophyta) from Gujarat State. Proceedings of Indian Fern Journal. [In press]
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Rajput, K.S. & Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (2018) Anogramma reichsteinii Fraser-Jenk.: An extended distribution in to Gujarat state. Proceedings of the Symposium held at BSI, WRC, Pune, pp. 215–218.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Rajput, K.S. & Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (2017) Some observations on Anogramma reichsteinii (Pteridaceae) from Peninsular India. Indian Fern Journal 34: 73–84.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Raole, V.M. & Rajput, K.S. (2017) Addition of Lepisorus nudus (Hook.) Ching and Microsorum membranaceum (D. Don) Ching (Polypodiaceae) as a new record for pteridophyte flora of Gujarat state. Phytomorphology 67 (1 & 2): 47–54.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Singh, A.P., Raole, V.M. & Rajput, K.S. (2015) Distribution and occurrence of some pteridophytes in Gujarat: A new record for the state. Journal of The Indian Botanical Society 94 (3 & 4): 236–244.
Kholia, B.S. (2014) Ferns and Fern-allies of Sikkim, A pictorial hand book part-2. Botanical Survey of India (Kolkata), 291 pp.
Khullar, S.P. (1994) An Illustrated Fern Flora of West Himalaya Volume – I. International Book Distributors. 334 pp.
Khullar, S.P. (2000) An Illustrated Fern Flora of West Himalaya Volume – II. International Book Distributors. 544 pp.
Kirchner, E.D.M. (1831) Schul-Botanik, oder, Kurze Naturgeschichte der Pflanzen überhaupt. Stuttgart und Esslingen, 680 pp.
Kress, J. & Erickson, D.L. (2007) A two-locus global DNA barcode for land plants: the coding rbcL gene complements the non-coding trnHpsbA spacer region. PLoS One 6: 1–10. [modified from Fofana B et al. (1997). Belgian J. Bot. 129: 118–122.] https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000508
Kuhn, M. (1879) Reisen in Ost Afrika in 1859-61. Band III: Abteilung 3 Botani in Cl. von Decken, Bot. 3 (3): 37. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.112426
Levin, R.A., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Nepokroeff, M., Pires, J.C., Zimmer, E.A. & Sytsma, K.J. (2003) Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast rbcL and ndhF data. American Journal of Botany 90 (1): 107–115. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.1.107
Link, H.F. (1833) Hortus Regius Botanicus Berolinensis. Vol. 2. Berolini Aupdg Reimer. 376 pp.
Link, J.H.F. (1841) Filicum Species in Horto Regio Botanico Berolinensi cultae. Berolini Aupdg Reimer, 147 pp.
Linnaeus, C.V. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 2. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 1200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Manickam, V.S., Irudayaraj, V. (1992) Pteridophyte flora of south India. Today & Tomorrow’s Publications, New Delhi, 653 pp.
Martinov, I.I. (1820) Tekhno-Botanicheskî? Slovar’: na latinskom i rossî?skom iazykakh. Sanktpeterburgie. 566 pp.
Masuyama, S. & Watano, Y. (2002) Cryptic Species in the Fern Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. (Parkeriaceae). IV taxonomic revision. Acta Phytotax.Geobot 61 (2): 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s102650200013
Mehra, P.N. & Bir, S.S. (1964) Pteridophytic flora of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas. Research Bulletin of the Panjab University, Science 15: 69–182. [141]
Mehra, P.N. & Bir, S.S. (1964) Pteridophytic flora of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas, Research bulletin of the Panjab University, Science 15 (1–2): 69–181 [138–146].
Misra, R. (1968) Ecology Work Book. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India, 242 pp.
Moore, T. (1857) Index Filicum. Williams & Norgate, London. 204 pp.
Muller, D. & Ellenberg, H. (1974) Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 547 pp.
Nayar, B.K. & Devi, S. (1964) Spore morphology of Indian ferns I. Aspidiaceae. Grana 5 (1): 80–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173136409429131
Negi, S., Tewari, L.M., Pangtey, Y.P.S., Kumar, S., Martolia, A., Jalal, J. & Upreti, K. (2009) Taxonomic studies on the family Polypodiaceae (Pteridophyta) of Nainital Uttarakhand. New York Science Journal 2 (5): 47–83.
Nooteboom, H.P. (1997) The Microsoroid ferns. Blumea 42: 261–395.
Panigrahi, G. (1961) A note of Aleuritopteris grisea (Blanford) Panigrahi comb. nov., and A. anceps (Blanford) Panigrahi comb. nov. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 2: 321–322.
Patel, M. & Reddy, M.N. (2018a) Discovery of the world’s smallest terrestrial pteridophyte. Scientific Reports 8: 5911. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24135–2
Patel, M., Reddy, M.N. & Goswami, H.K. (2018b) A terrestrial large-sized Ophioglossum aletum: new species from Gujarat, India. Indian Fern Journal 35: 318–331.
Patel, M. & Reddy, M.N. (2019) Revealing a new species of Ophioglossum (Ophioglossaceae-Pteridophyta) from India with palynological and phylogenetic implications. Botany Letters 166: 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2019.1636405
Patel, S.K., Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Singh, A.P. & Rajput, K.S. (2015) Status of Isoetes coromandeliana L. f. and Equisetum debile Roxb. ex Vaucher in Gujarat State, Western India. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 7 (4): 441–443. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb749696
Patil, S.M., Patel, S.K. & Rajput, K.S. (2021) Note on the occurrence of Ophioglossum rubellum (Ophioglossaceae) in India. Indian Forester Journal. [In Press]
Patil, S.M., Patel, S.K. Vasava, A. & Rajput, K.S. (2021) New addition to the Pteridophytic flora of Gujarat. Indian Fern Journal. (In Press).
Patil, S.M., Patel, S.K., Raole, V.M. & Rajput, K.S. (2020) Ophioglossum jaykrishnae (Ophioglossaceae): A species novo from Gujarat state. Indian Fern Journal 37: 237–243.
Patil, S.M. (2014) Systematic studies on the pteridophytes of Satara district (Maharashtra) India. A thesis submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur.
Patil, S.M., Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patel, R.S. & Rajput, K.S. (2018) Ophioglossum gujaratense, a new species from Gujarat State, India. Phytotaxa 351 (4): 273–280. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.3
PPG-I. (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 (6): 563–603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229
Prantal, K.C.R. (1883) Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntræger 1: 351. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.82188
Presl, C.B. (1845) Supplementum Tentaminis Pteridographiae. Pragae, Haase. 50 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.82188
Presl, J. & Presl, C. (1822) Deliciae Pragenses. Pragae: Sumtibus Calve, 244 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46467
Rajput, K.S., Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patel, S.K. & Raole, V.M. (2016a) Assessment of pteridophyte diversity and their status in Gujarat state, Western India. Plant Science Today 3 (4): 337–348. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2016.3.4.235
Rajput, K.S., Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Raole, V.M. & Singh, A.P. (2016b) Relocation of Ophioglossum gramineum Willd (Ophioglossaceae). Current Science 111 (2): 243.
Raunkiaer, C. (1934) The Life forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 632 pp.
Reed, C.F. (1968) Index Thelypteridis, Phytologia 17 (4): 512.
Rothfels, C.J., Fay-Wei, L., Sigel, E.M., Huiet, L., Larsson, A., Burge, D.O., Ruhsam, M., Deyholos, M., Soltis, D.E., Stewart, C.N., Shaw, S.W., Pokorny, L., Chen, T., Pamphilis, C., DeGironimo, L., Li, C., Wei, X., Sun, X., Korall, P., Stevenson, D.W., Graham, S.W., Wang, G.K.S. & Pryer, K.M. (2015) The evolutionary history of ferns inferred from 25 low-copy nuclear genes. American Journal of Botany 102 (7): 1089–1107. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1500089
Seshagirirao, K., Harikrishnanaik, L., Venumadhav, K., Nanibabu, B., Jamir, K., Ratnamma, B.K., Jena, R. & Babarao, D.K. (2016) Preparation of herbarium specimen for plant identification and voucher number. Roxburghia 6 (1–4): 111–119.
Swartz, O. (1803) Species Filicum, in Scharder, J. Journal fur die Botanik 1801 (2): 460.
Tagawa, M. (1952) Occasional notes on Asiatic Pteridophytes 3. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 14 (6): 191. https://doi.org/10.18942/bunruichiri.KJ00002992130
Thiers, B. (2016) Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium.
Vasudeva, S.M. & Bir, S.S. (1993) Pteridophytic flora of Pachmarhi hills, Central India-III (Fern families: Gleicheniaceae-Athyriaceae). Indian Fern Journal 10: 113–138.
WCSP (2020) World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; Available from: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (Retrieved 2 August 2020)
Yadav, B.L. & Goswami, H.K. (2010) A new, pink-brown Ophioglossum (Ophioglossaceae) from India. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B 36 (4): 155–159.
Anonymous (2017) State of Forest Report 2017. Forest Survey of India (Ministry of Environment & Forests) Kaulagarh Road, P.O -IPE, Dehradun - 248195. Available from: https://www.fsi.nic.in/forest-report-2017 (accessed 12 August 2021)
Beddome, R.H. (1863) The Ferns of Southern India: Being descriptions and plates of the ferns of the Madras presidency. Madras, Prints. 151. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119559
Bosman, M.T.M. (1991) A monograph of the fern genus Microsorum (Polypodiaceae). Leiden Botanical Series 14: 1–161.
Braun, A.K. (1868) Ophioglossaceae in Kuhn, Filices Africanae. Lipsiae,W. Engelmann. 179. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.163460
Brongniart, A.T. (1821) Description d’ un nouveau genra da Fougere, nomme, Cratopteris, Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique 8: 187.
Brown, R. (1810) Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae. Londini : Typis Richardi Taylor et socii, 590 pp.
Cavanilles, A.J. (1799) Tectaria, Anales de Historia Natural 1 (2): 306.
Christensen, C. (1931) Asiatic Pteridophyta Collected by Joseph F. Rock. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 26 (6): 530.
Copeland, E.B. (1907) Notes on the steere collections of Philippine ferns. Philippine Journal of Science, C Bot., 2 (6): 463.
Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12: 13–15.
Dudani, S.N. & Gavali, D.J. (2016) Thelypteris prolifera (Retz.) Copel. - A new fern record for Gujarat state and an additional distribution record for Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. in Gujarat. Indian Journal of Plant Sciences 5 (4): 7–10.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (1997) New species syndrome in Indian pteridology and the ferns of Nepal. Dehra Dun. 35 pp.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (2008) Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pteridophytes with a Revised Census-List. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 685 pp.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Gandhi, K.N. & Kholia, B.S. (2018) An Annotated checklist of Indian Pteridophytes Part - 2. (Woodsiaceae to Dryopteridaceae). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India, 573 pp.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Gandhi, K.N., Kholia, B.S. & Benniamin, A. (2016 [“2017”]) An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes Part-1 (Lycopodiaceae to Thelypteridaceae). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 562 pp.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Gandhi, K.N., Kholia, B.S. & Kandel, D.R. (2020 [“2021”]) An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes Part-3 (Lomariopsidaceae to Salviniaceae). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 450 pp.
GEC (Gujarat Ecological Commission) (1996) Biological diversity of Gujarat: Current knowledge. Technical report, GERI Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
Ghosh, S.R., Ghosh, B., Biswas, A. & Ghosh, A.K. (2004) The pteridophytic flora of eastern India Vol-1. Botanical Survey of India (Kolkata), 591 pp.
Greville, R.K. & Hooker, W.J. (1833) Botanical Miscellany 3: 510.
Hooker, J.D. (1823) Exotic Flora. Vol. 1. Edinburgh, Printed for W. Blackwood. 56 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51264
IUCN (2020) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-2. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (accessed 9 July 2020)
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patel, S.K. & Rajput, K.S. (2016) Reporting Adiantum capillus-veneris L. and Thelypteris prolifera (Retz.) C.F. Reed as new record for Gujarat state together with their molecular identity. Indian Fern Journal 33: 69–80.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patil, S.M. & Rajput, K.S. (2018a) Hypodematium crenatum subsp. crenatum (Hypodematiaceae): A new distributional record for Gujarat state. Fern Gazette 20 (7): 301–303.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patil, S.M., Patel, S.K. & Rajput, K.S. (2018b) Genus Ophioglossum L., from Western Part of India with Special Reference to Gujarat State. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10 (3): 373–378. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb10310243
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patil, S.M., Patel, S.K. & Rajput, K.S. (2018c) Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.P. St. John (Thelypteridaceae): New distribution record for Gujarat state. Indian Fern Journal 35: 29–36.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patil, S.M., Raole, V.M. & Rajput, K.S. (2019) Genus Athyrium Roth (Athyriaceae: Pteridophyta) from Gujarat State. Plant Science Today 6 (1): 54–62. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.1.471
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patil, S.M., Vasava, A.M., Raole, V.M., Patel, S.K. & Rajput, K.S. (2020) Silver Fern Genus Aleuritopteris Fee (Pteridaceae: Pteridophyta) from Gujarat State. Proceedings of Indian Fern Journal. [In press]
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Rajput, K.S. & Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (2018) Anogramma reichsteinii Fraser-Jenk.: An extended distribution in to Gujarat state. Proceedings of the Symposium held at BSI, WRC, Pune, pp. 215–218.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Rajput, K.S. & Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (2017) Some observations on Anogramma reichsteinii (Pteridaceae) from Peninsular India. Indian Fern Journal 34: 73–84.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Raole, V.M. & Rajput, K.S. (2017) Addition of Lepisorus nudus (Hook.) Ching and Microsorum membranaceum (D. Don) Ching (Polypodiaceae) as a new record for pteridophyte flora of Gujarat state. Phytomorphology 67 (1 & 2): 47–54.
Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Singh, A.P., Raole, V.M. & Rajput, K.S. (2015) Distribution and occurrence of some pteridophytes in Gujarat: A new record for the state. Journal of The Indian Botanical Society 94 (3 & 4): 236–244.
Kholia, B.S. (2014) Ferns and Fern-allies of Sikkim, A pictorial hand book part-2. Botanical Survey of India (Kolkata), 291 pp.
Khullar, S.P. (1994) An Illustrated Fern Flora of West Himalaya Volume – I. International Book Distributors. 334 pp.
Khullar, S.P. (2000) An Illustrated Fern Flora of West Himalaya Volume – II. International Book Distributors. 544 pp.
Kirchner, E.D.M. (1831) Schul-Botanik, oder, Kurze Naturgeschichte der Pflanzen überhaupt. Stuttgart und Esslingen, 680 pp.
Kress, J. & Erickson, D.L. (2007) A two-locus global DNA barcode for land plants: the coding rbcL gene complements the non-coding trnHpsbA spacer region. PLoS One 6: 1–10. [modified from Fofana B et al. (1997). Belgian J. Bot. 129: 118–122.] https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000508
Kuhn, M. (1879) Reisen in Ost Afrika in 1859-61. Band III: Abteilung 3 Botani in Cl. von Decken, Bot. 3 (3): 37. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.112426
Levin, R.A., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Nepokroeff, M., Pires, J.C., Zimmer, E.A. & Sytsma, K.J. (2003) Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast rbcL and ndhF data. American Journal of Botany 90 (1): 107–115. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.1.107
Link, H.F. (1833) Hortus Regius Botanicus Berolinensis. Vol. 2. Berolini Aupdg Reimer. 376 pp.
Link, J.H.F. (1841) Filicum Species in Horto Regio Botanico Berolinensi cultae. Berolini Aupdg Reimer, 147 pp.
Linnaeus, C.V. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 2. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 1200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Manickam, V.S., Irudayaraj, V. (1992) Pteridophyte flora of south India. Today & Tomorrow’s Publications, New Delhi, 653 pp.
Martinov, I.I. (1820) Tekhno-Botanicheskî? Slovar’: na latinskom i rossî?skom iazykakh. Sanktpeterburgie. 566 pp.
Masuyama, S. & Watano, Y. (2002) Cryptic Species in the Fern Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. (Parkeriaceae). IV taxonomic revision. Acta Phytotax.Geobot 61 (2): 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s102650200013
Mehra, P.N. & Bir, S.S. (1964) Pteridophytic flora of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas. Research Bulletin of the Panjab University, Science 15: 69–182. [141]
Mehra, P.N. & Bir, S.S. (1964) Pteridophytic flora of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas, Research bulletin of the Panjab University, Science 15 (1–2): 69–181 [138–146].
Misra, R. (1968) Ecology Work Book. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India, 242 pp.
Moore, T. (1857) Index Filicum. Williams & Norgate, London. 204 pp.
Muller, D. & Ellenberg, H. (1974) Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 547 pp.
Nayar, B.K. & Devi, S. (1964) Spore morphology of Indian ferns I. Aspidiaceae. Grana 5 (1): 80–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173136409429131
Negi, S., Tewari, L.M., Pangtey, Y.P.S., Kumar, S., Martolia, A., Jalal, J. & Upreti, K. (2009) Taxonomic studies on the family Polypodiaceae (Pteridophyta) of Nainital Uttarakhand. New York Science Journal 2 (5): 47–83.
Nooteboom, H.P. (1997) The Microsoroid ferns. Blumea 42: 261–395.
Panigrahi, G. (1961) A note of Aleuritopteris grisea (Blanford) Panigrahi comb. nov., and A. anceps (Blanford) Panigrahi comb. nov. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 2: 321–322.
Patel, M. & Reddy, M.N. (2018a) Discovery of the world’s smallest terrestrial pteridophyte. Scientific Reports 8: 5911. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24135–2
Patel, M., Reddy, M.N. & Goswami, H.K. (2018b) A terrestrial large-sized Ophioglossum aletum: new species from Gujarat, India. Indian Fern Journal 35: 318–331.
Patel, M. & Reddy, M.N. (2019) Revealing a new species of Ophioglossum (Ophioglossaceae-Pteridophyta) from India with palynological and phylogenetic implications. Botany Letters 166: 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2019.1636405
Patel, S.K., Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Singh, A.P. & Rajput, K.S. (2015) Status of Isoetes coromandeliana L. f. and Equisetum debile Roxb. ex Vaucher in Gujarat State, Western India. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 7 (4): 441–443. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb749696
Patil, S.M., Patel, S.K. & Rajput, K.S. (2021) Note on the occurrence of Ophioglossum rubellum (Ophioglossaceae) in India. Indian Forester Journal. [In Press]
Patil, S.M., Patel, S.K. Vasava, A. & Rajput, K.S. (2021) New addition to the Pteridophytic flora of Gujarat. Indian Fern Journal. (In Press).
Patil, S.M., Patel, S.K., Raole, V.M. & Rajput, K.S. (2020) Ophioglossum jaykrishnae (Ophioglossaceae): A species novo from Gujarat state. Indian Fern Journal 37: 237–243.
Patil, S.M. (2014) Systematic studies on the pteridophytes of Satara district (Maharashtra) India. A thesis submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur.
Patil, S.M., Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patel, R.S. & Rajput, K.S. (2018) Ophioglossum gujaratense, a new species from Gujarat State, India. Phytotaxa 351 (4): 273–280. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.3
PPG-I. (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 (6): 563–603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229
Prantal, K.C.R. (1883) Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntræger 1: 351. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.82188
Presl, C.B. (1845) Supplementum Tentaminis Pteridographiae. Pragae, Haase. 50 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.82188
Presl, J. & Presl, C. (1822) Deliciae Pragenses. Pragae: Sumtibus Calve, 244 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46467
Rajput, K.S., Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Patel, S.K. & Raole, V.M. (2016a) Assessment of pteridophyte diversity and their status in Gujarat state, Western India. Plant Science Today 3 (4): 337–348. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2016.3.4.235
Rajput, K.S., Kachhiyapatel, R.N., Raole, V.M. & Singh, A.P. (2016b) Relocation of Ophioglossum gramineum Willd (Ophioglossaceae). Current Science 111 (2): 243.
Raunkiaer, C. (1934) The Life forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 632 pp.
Reed, C.F. (1968) Index Thelypteridis, Phytologia 17 (4): 512.
Rothfels, C.J., Fay-Wei, L., Sigel, E.M., Huiet, L., Larsson, A., Burge, D.O., Ruhsam, M., Deyholos, M., Soltis, D.E., Stewart, C.N., Shaw, S.W., Pokorny, L., Chen, T., Pamphilis, C., DeGironimo, L., Li, C., Wei, X., Sun, X., Korall, P., Stevenson, D.W., Graham, S.W., Wang, G.K.S. & Pryer, K.M. (2015) The evolutionary history of ferns inferred from 25 low-copy nuclear genes. American Journal of Botany 102 (7): 1089–1107. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1500089
Seshagirirao, K., Harikrishnanaik, L., Venumadhav, K., Nanibabu, B., Jamir, K., Ratnamma, B.K., Jena, R. & Babarao, D.K. (2016) Preparation of herbarium specimen for plant identification and voucher number. Roxburghia 6 (1–4): 111–119.
Swartz, O. (1803) Species Filicum, in Scharder, J. Journal fur die Botanik 1801 (2): 460.
Tagawa, M. (1952) Occasional notes on Asiatic Pteridophytes 3. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 14 (6): 191. https://doi.org/10.18942/bunruichiri.KJ00002992130
Thiers, B. (2016) Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium.
Vasudeva, S.M. & Bir, S.S. (1993) Pteridophytic flora of Pachmarhi hills, Central India-III (Fern families: Gleicheniaceae-Athyriaceae). Indian Fern Journal 10: 113–138.
WCSP (2020) World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; Available from: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (Retrieved 2 August 2020)
Yadav, B.L. & Goswami, H.K. (2010) A new, pink-brown Ophioglossum (Ophioglossaceae) from India. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B 36 (4): 155–159.