Abstract
During a survey of diatoms from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon, we encountered many specimens of the genus Stenopterobia in periphyton and plankton samples. These diatoms were assigned to three different taxa, two with sigmoid valves and the other one with straight valves. The comparison of their valve morphologies with similar taxa described in the literature revealed that they do not correspond to any previously known taxa. They are described herein as Stenopoterobia caquetaensis sp. nov., S. colombiana sp. nov. and S. amazonica sp. nov. We maintain this genus assignment since the new taxa, as well as other species currently in Stenopterobia, exhibit differences from Iconella, a genus to which several Stenopterobia species were recently transferred. Differences exist between the two genera in their ultrastructural features, such as plain internal valve face and unrimmed internal areolar openings, which do not fully conform to the description of Iconella. Additionally, the robustoid Surirella rafaelii and S. tayronarum, recently described from Colombia, are transferred to Iconella.
References
Brassac, N.M., Torgan, L.C. & Ludwig, T.A.V. (2003) Transfer of Surirella schweickerdtii to the genus Stenopterobia. Diatom Research 18: 185–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2003.9705581
Cholnoky, B.J. (1954) Diatomeen und einige andere Algen aus dem “de Hock”-Reservat in Nord-Transvaal. Botaniska Notiser 3: 269–296.
Cholnoky, B.J. (1958) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Südafrikanischen Diatomeenflora. II. Einige Gewässer im Waterberg-Gebiet, Transvaal. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, Séries B, 6: 99–160.
Cholnoky, B.J. (1959) Neue und seletene Diatomeen aus Afrika. IV. Diatomeen aus der Kaap-Provinz. Österreichischen Botanischen Zeitschrift 106: 1–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01278995
Cocquyt, C. & Kusber, W. (2010) Reinvestigation of West African Surirellaceae (Bacillariophyta) described by Foged from Ghana. Nova Hedwigia 91: 111–136. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2010/0091-0111
Cocquyt, C., Taylor, J.C. & Wetzel, C. (2014) Stenopterobia cataractarum sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new benthic diatom from a waterfall in Zambia, Africa. Phytotaxa 158: 76–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.5
Cox, E.J. (2015) Coscinodiscophyceae, Mediophyceae, Fragilariophyceae, Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). In: Frey, W. (Ed.) Syllabus of plant families. Adolf Engler’s Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. 13th Ed. Photoautotrophic eukaryotic algae Glaucocystophyta, Cryptophyta, Dinophyta/Dinozoa, Heterokontophyta/Ochrophyta, Chlorarachniophyta/Cercozoa, Euglenophyta/Euglenozoa, Chlorophyta, Streptophyta pp. Borntraeger Science Publishers, Berlin, pp. 64–103.
Foged, N. (1966) Freshwater diatoms from Ghana. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Shrifter 15: 1–169, 25 pls.
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2021) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available from: http://www.algaebase.org (searched 29 March 2021)
Hanna, G.D. (1933) Diatoms of the Florida peat deposits. Annual Report Florida State Geological Survey 23/24: 68–199.
Hustedt, F. (1914) Bacillariales aus den Sudeten und einigen benachbarten Gebieten des Odertales. Archiv für Hydrobiologie und Planktonkunde 10: 1–128, 2 pls.
Hustedt, F. (1942) Süßwasser-Diatomeen des indomalayischen Archipels und der Hawaii-Inseln. Nach dem Material der Wallacea-Expedition. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 42 (1/3): 1–252. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19420420102
Jahn, R., Kusber, W.-H. & Cocquyt, C. (2017) Differentiating Iconella from Surirella (Bacillariophyceae): Typifying four Ehrenberg names and a preliminary checklist of the African taxa. PhytoKeys 82: 73–112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13542
Jurilj, A. (1949 ‘1948’) Nove Dijatomeje-Surirellaceae-iz Ohridskog Jezera i njihovo filogenetsko znacenje. [New Diatoms-Surirellaceae- of Ochrida Lake in Yugoslavia and their phylogenetic significance]. Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Umjetnosti, Zagreb (Prirodoslovnih istrazivanja) 24: 171–259 [reprint pp. 3–94].
Kapustin, D. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2018) Transfer of Stenopterobia and Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) described from the insular Southeast Asia to the genus Iconella. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 147: 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2018/019
Kociolek, J.P., Blanco, S., Coste, M., Ector, L., Liu, Y., Karthick, B., Kulikovskiy, M., Lundholm, N., Ludwig, T., Potapova, M., Rimet, F., Sabbe, K., Sala, S., Sar, E., Taylor, J., Van de Vijver, B., Wetzel, C.E., Williams, D.M., Witkowski, A., Witkowski, J. (2021) DiatomBase. Available from: https://www.diatombase.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist (accessed 30 March 2021)
Krammer, K. (1989) Valve morphology and taxonomy in the genus Stenopterobia (Bacillariophyceae). British Phycological Journal 24: 237–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071618900650261
Krammer, K & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1997) Bacillariophyceae, 2 Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. & Mollenhauer, D. (Eds.) Sü?wasserflora von Mitteleuropa Band 2/2, Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 1–596.
Kützing, F.T. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. W. Köhne, Nordhausen, [i–vii], [1]–152. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64360
Lange-Bertalot, H. & Krammer, K. (1987) Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Neue und wenig bekannte Taxa, neue Kombinationen und Synonyme sowie Bemerkungen und Ergänzungen zu den Naviculaceae. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 15: 1–289.
Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (1996) Indicators of oligotrophy - 800 taxa representative of three ecologically distinct lake types, Carbonate buffered - Oligodystrophic - Weakly buffered soft water. Iconographia Diatomologica 2: 1–390.
Lewis, F.W. (1864) On some new and singular intermediate forms of Diatomaceae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15: 336–346. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4059821
Medina Tombé, M.F., Sala, S.E., Vouilloud, A.A. & Ramírez Restrepo, J.J. (2016) Surirella tayronarum spec. nov. (Surirellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from Colombia. Phytotaxa 278: 39–47. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.1.4
Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1998) Tropical diatoms of South America I. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Iconographia Diatomologica 5: 1–695.
Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2007) Tropical diatoms of South America II. Special remarks on biogeographic disjunction. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Iconographia Diatomologica 18: 1–877.
Montoya-Moreno, Y., Sala, S., Vouilloud, A., Aguirre, N. & Plata, Y. (2013) Lista de las diatomeas de ambientes continentales de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 14: 13–78.
Müller, O. (1895) Rhopalodia, ein neues Genus der Bacillariaceen. Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 22: 54–71.
Oliveira, B.D., Nogueira, I.S. & Souza, M.G.M. (2012) Stenopterobia e Surirella (Bacillariophyceae, Surirellaceae) do Sistema Lago dos Tigres, Britânia, Goiás Rodriguésia 63: 525–539. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2175-78602012000300004
Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 747 pp.
Ruck, E.C. & Kociolek, J.P. (2004) Preliminary Phylogeny of the Family Surirellaceae (Bacillariophyta). Bibliotheca Diatomologica 50: 1–236.
Ruck, E.C., Nakov, T., Alverson, A.J. & Theriot, E.C. (2016a) Phylogeny, ecology, morphological evolution, and reclassification of the diatom orders Surirellales and Rhopalodiales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 103: 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.023
Ruck, E.C., Nakov, T., Alverson, A.J. & Theriot, E.C. (2016b) Nomenclatural transfers associated with the phylogenetic reclassification of the Surirellales and Rhopalodiales. Notulae Algarum 10: 1–4.
Sala, S.E., Duque, S.R. Núñez-Avellaneda, M. & Lamaro, A.A. (1999) Nuevos registros de diatomeas (Bacillariophyceae) de la Amazonia Colombiana. Caldasia 21: 26–37.
Sala, S.E., Duque, S.R., Núñez-Avellaneda, M. & Lamaro, A.A. (2002a) Diatoms from the Colombian Amazonia. Cryptogamie, Algologie 23: 75–99.
Sala, S.E., Duque, S.R., Núñez-Avellaneda, M. & Lamaro, A.A. (2002b) Diatoms from the Colombian Amazon: some species of the genus Eunotia (Bacillaryophyceae). Acta Amazonica 32: 589–603. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922002324603
Sala, S.E., Núñez-Avellaneda, M. & Vouilloud, A.A. (2008) Ultrastructure of the frustule of Urosolenia species from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon: U. delicatissima nov. spec., U. amazonica nov. spec. and U. braunii (Hustedt). Diatom Research 23: 159–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2008.9705744
Sala, S.E., Ramírez, J.J., Vouilloud, A.A. & Plata-Díaz C., Y. (2013) Surirella antioquiensis sp. nov. and S. rafaelii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from Colombia Acta Nova 6: 17–35.
Schmidt, A. et al. (1912) Atlas der Diatomaceenkunde, Heft 71. R. Reisland, Leipzig, Germany, t. 281–284.
Simonato, J., Kociolek, J.P., Sala, S.E., Plata Díaz, Y. & Núñez-Avellaneda, M. (2020) Three new Luticola species from the Andean-Amazonian transition in Colombia: taxonomy, morphology and preliminary considerations of the biogeography of the genus. Diatom Research 35: 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2020.1813205
Simonsen, R. (1987) Atlas and catalogue of the diatom types of Friedrich Hustedt. 1. Catalogue. 525 pp. 2–3. Atlas. Taf. 1–722. [J. Cramer. Stuttgart]
Siver, P.A. & Camfield, L. (2007) Studies on the diatom genus Stenopterobia (Bacillariophyceae) including descriptions of two new species. Canadian Journal of Botany 85: 822–849. https://doi.org/10.1139/B07-074
Siver, P.A. & Hamilton, P.B. (2005) Observation on new and rare species of freshwater diatoms from Cape Cod, Massachussets, USA. Canadian Journal of Botany 83: 362–378. https://doi.org/10.1139/b05-010
Turpin, P.J.F. (1828) Observations sur le nouveau genre Surirella. Mémoires du Musée d’Histoire Naturelle 16: 361–368.
Van Heurck, H. (1896) A treatise on the Diatomaceae. Translated by W.E. Baxter. pp. 1–558, pls 1–35. London: William Wesley & Son.
Vigneshwaran, A., Liu, Y., Kociolek, J.P. & Karthick, B. (2021) A new species of Epithemia Kützing (Bacillariophyceae, Rhopalodiales) from Mula river, Western Ghats, India, with comments on the phylogenetic position of Rhopalodia and Epithemia. Phytotaxa 489: 171–181. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.2.5
Vouilloud, A.A., Sala, S.E., Núñez Avellaneda, M. & Duque, S.R. (2010) Diatoms from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon: the Genera Encyonema, Encyonopsis and Gomphonema (Cymbellales: Bacillariophyceae). Revista de Biología Tropical 58: 45–62. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v58i1.5193
Vouilloud, A.A., Sala, S.E., Núñez-Avellaneda, M., Montoya-Moreno, Y. & Duque, S.R. (2014) Brachysira (Naviculales, Bacillariophyceae) in lowland waters from Colombia. Diatom Research 29: 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2013.866909
Vyverman, W. (1989) Diatoms (Bacillariophya) from Mount Giluwe (Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea). Bulletin de la Société Botanique de Belgique 122: 61–80.
Cholnoky, B.J. (1954) Diatomeen und einige andere Algen aus dem “de Hock”-Reservat in Nord-Transvaal. Botaniska Notiser 3: 269–296.
Cholnoky, B.J. (1958) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Südafrikanischen Diatomeenflora. II. Einige Gewässer im Waterberg-Gebiet, Transvaal. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, Séries B, 6: 99–160.
Cholnoky, B.J. (1959) Neue und seletene Diatomeen aus Afrika. IV. Diatomeen aus der Kaap-Provinz. Österreichischen Botanischen Zeitschrift 106: 1–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01278995
Cocquyt, C. & Kusber, W. (2010) Reinvestigation of West African Surirellaceae (Bacillariophyta) described by Foged from Ghana. Nova Hedwigia 91: 111–136. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2010/0091-0111
Cocquyt, C., Taylor, J.C. & Wetzel, C. (2014) Stenopterobia cataractarum sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new benthic diatom from a waterfall in Zambia, Africa. Phytotaxa 158: 76–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.5
Cox, E.J. (2015) Coscinodiscophyceae, Mediophyceae, Fragilariophyceae, Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). In: Frey, W. (Ed.) Syllabus of plant families. Adolf Engler’s Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. 13th Ed. Photoautotrophic eukaryotic algae Glaucocystophyta, Cryptophyta, Dinophyta/Dinozoa, Heterokontophyta/Ochrophyta, Chlorarachniophyta/Cercozoa, Euglenophyta/Euglenozoa, Chlorophyta, Streptophyta pp. Borntraeger Science Publishers, Berlin, pp. 64–103.
Foged, N. (1966) Freshwater diatoms from Ghana. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Shrifter 15: 1–169, 25 pls.
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2021) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available from: http://www.algaebase.org (searched 29 March 2021)
Hanna, G.D. (1933) Diatoms of the Florida peat deposits. Annual Report Florida State Geological Survey 23/24: 68–199.
Hustedt, F. (1914) Bacillariales aus den Sudeten und einigen benachbarten Gebieten des Odertales. Archiv für Hydrobiologie und Planktonkunde 10: 1–128, 2 pls.
Hustedt, F. (1942) Süßwasser-Diatomeen des indomalayischen Archipels und der Hawaii-Inseln. Nach dem Material der Wallacea-Expedition. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 42 (1/3): 1–252. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19420420102
Jahn, R., Kusber, W.-H. & Cocquyt, C. (2017) Differentiating Iconella from Surirella (Bacillariophyceae): Typifying four Ehrenberg names and a preliminary checklist of the African taxa. PhytoKeys 82: 73–112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13542
Jurilj, A. (1949 ‘1948’) Nove Dijatomeje-Surirellaceae-iz Ohridskog Jezera i njihovo filogenetsko znacenje. [New Diatoms-Surirellaceae- of Ochrida Lake in Yugoslavia and their phylogenetic significance]. Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Umjetnosti, Zagreb (Prirodoslovnih istrazivanja) 24: 171–259 [reprint pp. 3–94].
Kapustin, D. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2018) Transfer of Stenopterobia and Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) described from the insular Southeast Asia to the genus Iconella. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 147: 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2018/019
Kociolek, J.P., Blanco, S., Coste, M., Ector, L., Liu, Y., Karthick, B., Kulikovskiy, M., Lundholm, N., Ludwig, T., Potapova, M., Rimet, F., Sabbe, K., Sala, S., Sar, E., Taylor, J., Van de Vijver, B., Wetzel, C.E., Williams, D.M., Witkowski, A., Witkowski, J. (2021) DiatomBase. Available from: https://www.diatombase.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist (accessed 30 March 2021)
Krammer, K. (1989) Valve morphology and taxonomy in the genus Stenopterobia (Bacillariophyceae). British Phycological Journal 24: 237–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071618900650261
Krammer, K & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1997) Bacillariophyceae, 2 Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. & Mollenhauer, D. (Eds.) Sü?wasserflora von Mitteleuropa Band 2/2, Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 1–596.
Kützing, F.T. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. W. Köhne, Nordhausen, [i–vii], [1]–152. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64360
Lange-Bertalot, H. & Krammer, K. (1987) Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Neue und wenig bekannte Taxa, neue Kombinationen und Synonyme sowie Bemerkungen und Ergänzungen zu den Naviculaceae. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 15: 1–289.
Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (1996) Indicators of oligotrophy - 800 taxa representative of three ecologically distinct lake types, Carbonate buffered - Oligodystrophic - Weakly buffered soft water. Iconographia Diatomologica 2: 1–390.
Lewis, F.W. (1864) On some new and singular intermediate forms of Diatomaceae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15: 336–346. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4059821
Medina Tombé, M.F., Sala, S.E., Vouilloud, A.A. & Ramírez Restrepo, J.J. (2016) Surirella tayronarum spec. nov. (Surirellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from Colombia. Phytotaxa 278: 39–47. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.1.4
Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1998) Tropical diatoms of South America I. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Iconographia Diatomologica 5: 1–695.
Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2007) Tropical diatoms of South America II. Special remarks on biogeographic disjunction. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Iconographia Diatomologica 18: 1–877.
Montoya-Moreno, Y., Sala, S., Vouilloud, A., Aguirre, N. & Plata, Y. (2013) Lista de las diatomeas de ambientes continentales de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 14: 13–78.
Müller, O. (1895) Rhopalodia, ein neues Genus der Bacillariaceen. Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 22: 54–71.
Oliveira, B.D., Nogueira, I.S. & Souza, M.G.M. (2012) Stenopterobia e Surirella (Bacillariophyceae, Surirellaceae) do Sistema Lago dos Tigres, Britânia, Goiás Rodriguésia 63: 525–539. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2175-78602012000300004
Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 747 pp.
Ruck, E.C. & Kociolek, J.P. (2004) Preliminary Phylogeny of the Family Surirellaceae (Bacillariophyta). Bibliotheca Diatomologica 50: 1–236.
Ruck, E.C., Nakov, T., Alverson, A.J. & Theriot, E.C. (2016a) Phylogeny, ecology, morphological evolution, and reclassification of the diatom orders Surirellales and Rhopalodiales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 103: 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.023
Ruck, E.C., Nakov, T., Alverson, A.J. & Theriot, E.C. (2016b) Nomenclatural transfers associated with the phylogenetic reclassification of the Surirellales and Rhopalodiales. Notulae Algarum 10: 1–4.
Sala, S.E., Duque, S.R. Núñez-Avellaneda, M. & Lamaro, A.A. (1999) Nuevos registros de diatomeas (Bacillariophyceae) de la Amazonia Colombiana. Caldasia 21: 26–37.
Sala, S.E., Duque, S.R., Núñez-Avellaneda, M. & Lamaro, A.A. (2002a) Diatoms from the Colombian Amazonia. Cryptogamie, Algologie 23: 75–99.
Sala, S.E., Duque, S.R., Núñez-Avellaneda, M. & Lamaro, A.A. (2002b) Diatoms from the Colombian Amazon: some species of the genus Eunotia (Bacillaryophyceae). Acta Amazonica 32: 589–603. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922002324603
Sala, S.E., Núñez-Avellaneda, M. & Vouilloud, A.A. (2008) Ultrastructure of the frustule of Urosolenia species from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon: U. delicatissima nov. spec., U. amazonica nov. spec. and U. braunii (Hustedt). Diatom Research 23: 159–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2008.9705744
Sala, S.E., Ramírez, J.J., Vouilloud, A.A. & Plata-Díaz C., Y. (2013) Surirella antioquiensis sp. nov. and S. rafaelii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from Colombia Acta Nova 6: 17–35.
Schmidt, A. et al. (1912) Atlas der Diatomaceenkunde, Heft 71. R. Reisland, Leipzig, Germany, t. 281–284.
Simonato, J., Kociolek, J.P., Sala, S.E., Plata Díaz, Y. & Núñez-Avellaneda, M. (2020) Three new Luticola species from the Andean-Amazonian transition in Colombia: taxonomy, morphology and preliminary considerations of the biogeography of the genus. Diatom Research 35: 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2020.1813205
Simonsen, R. (1987) Atlas and catalogue of the diatom types of Friedrich Hustedt. 1. Catalogue. 525 pp. 2–3. Atlas. Taf. 1–722. [J. Cramer. Stuttgart]
Siver, P.A. & Camfield, L. (2007) Studies on the diatom genus Stenopterobia (Bacillariophyceae) including descriptions of two new species. Canadian Journal of Botany 85: 822–849. https://doi.org/10.1139/B07-074
Siver, P.A. & Hamilton, P.B. (2005) Observation on new and rare species of freshwater diatoms from Cape Cod, Massachussets, USA. Canadian Journal of Botany 83: 362–378. https://doi.org/10.1139/b05-010
Turpin, P.J.F. (1828) Observations sur le nouveau genre Surirella. Mémoires du Musée d’Histoire Naturelle 16: 361–368.
Van Heurck, H. (1896) A treatise on the Diatomaceae. Translated by W.E. Baxter. pp. 1–558, pls 1–35. London: William Wesley & Son.
Vigneshwaran, A., Liu, Y., Kociolek, J.P. & Karthick, B. (2021) A new species of Epithemia Kützing (Bacillariophyceae, Rhopalodiales) from Mula river, Western Ghats, India, with comments on the phylogenetic position of Rhopalodia and Epithemia. Phytotaxa 489: 171–181. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.2.5
Vouilloud, A.A., Sala, S.E., Núñez Avellaneda, M. & Duque, S.R. (2010) Diatoms from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon: the Genera Encyonema, Encyonopsis and Gomphonema (Cymbellales: Bacillariophyceae). Revista de Biología Tropical 58: 45–62. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v58i1.5193
Vouilloud, A.A., Sala, S.E., Núñez-Avellaneda, M., Montoya-Moreno, Y. & Duque, S.R. (2014) Brachysira (Naviculales, Bacillariophyceae) in lowland waters from Colombia. Diatom Research 29: 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2013.866909
Vyverman, W. (1989) Diatoms (Bacillariophya) from Mount Giluwe (Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea). Bulletin de la Société Botanique de Belgique 122: 61–80.