Abstract
Strobilanthes medahinnensis, a new species of Acanthaceae is described and illustrated from Sri Lanka. The new species is similar to S. anceps in having ovate leaves, yellow gland dots of abaxial leaf surface and reflexed bracts but differs by rounded stem, leaves with acuminate apex, elongated spikes, lanceolate outermost bract with long acuminate apex. The establishment of the new species is supported by complete plastome genome analyses.
References
Alexiades, M.N. (1996) Collecting ethnobotanical data: an introduction to basic concepts and techniques. Advances in Economic Botany 10: 53–94.
Anderson, T. (1860) Acanthaceae. In: Thwaites, G.H.K. (Ed.) Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniae 3. Dulau & Co., London, pp. 161–240. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.574
Blume, C.L. (1826) Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 14. Batavia. Ter Lands Drukkerij, Batavia, 781 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.395
Carine, M.A., Jayasekara, P. & Scotland, R.W. (2000) A New Species of Strobilanthes Blume (Acanthaceae) from Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin 55 (4): 971–976. https://doi.org/10.2307/4113644
Carine, M.A. & Scotland, R.W. (1998) Pollen morphology of Strobilanthes Blume (Acanthaceae) from southern India and Sri Lanka. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 103: 143–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(98)00030-X
Carine, M.A. & Scotland, R.W. (2002) Classification of Strobilanthinae (Acanthaceae): trying to classify the unclassifiable? Taxon 51: 259–279. https://doi.org/10.2307/1554897
Cheng, Y., Zhang, L., Qi, J. & Zhang, L. (2020) Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Hibiscus cannabinus and comparative analysis of the Malvaceae family. Frontiers in Genetics 11: 227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00227
Clarke, C.B. (1884) Acanthaceae. In: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) Flora of British India, 4. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 429–477.
Drummond, A.J., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Rambaut, A. (2012) Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29 (8): 1969–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss075
Du, L., Zhang, C., Liu, Q., Zhang, X. & Yue, B. (2018) Krait: an ultrafast tool for genome-wide survey of microsatellites and primer design. Bioinformatics 34 (4): 681–683. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx665
Eguiluz, M., Rodrigues, N.F., Guzman, F., Yuyama, P. & Margis, R. (2017) The chloroplast genome sequence from Eugenia uniflora, a Myrtaceae from Neotropics. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303 (9): 1199–1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1431-x
Greiner, S., Lehwark, P. & Bock, R. (2019) OrganellarGenomeDRAW (OGDRAW) version 1.3.1: expanded toolkit for the graphical visualization of organellar genomes. Nucleic Acids Research 47 (W1): W59–W64. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz238
Holl, C.F. & Heynhold, G. (1842.) Flora von Sachsen 1. Verlag von Justus Naumann, Dresden, 538 pp.
Hohmann, N. Wolf, E.M., Lysak, M.A. & Koch, M.A. (2015) A time-calibrated road map of Brassicaceae species radiation and evolutionary history. Plant Cell 27 : 2770–2784. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.15.00482
IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.Version14.Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee, 113 pp. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf
Jin, J.J., Yu, W.B., Yang, J.B., Song, Y., Depamphilis, C.W., Yi, T.S. & Li, D.Z. (2020) GetOrganelle: a fast and versatile toolkit for accurate de novo assembly of organelle genomes. Genome Biology 21 (1): 241. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02154-5
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C. & Thierer, T. (2012) Geneious basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 28 (12): 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum 2. A. Felix, London, 499 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.327
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Mabberley, D.J. (2017) Mabberley’s Plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 4th edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1102 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316335581
Nees von Esenbeck, C.G. (1832) Acanthaceae Indiae orientalis. In: Wallich, N. (Ed.) Plantae Asiaticae rariores 3. Treuttel, Würtz & Ritter, London, pp. 70–117.
Nees von Esenbeck, C.G. (1837) Characters of new species of Indian Acanthaceae. Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2: 310–313.
Nees von Esenbeck, C.G. (1847) Acanthaceae. In: de Candolle, A.P. (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 11. Treuttel and Wurtz, Paris, pp. 46–519. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.286
O’Kane, S.L. & Al-Shehbaz, I.A. (1997) A synopsis of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae). Novon 7: 323–327. https://doi.org/10.2307/3391949.
POWO 2019. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew <www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/>, accessed 20 Nov 2020.
Rambaut, A. (2017) FigTree, a graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees, version 1.4.3. Computer program distributed by the author, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Available from: http://tree. bio. ed. ac. uk/software/figtree (accessed 28 February 2021)
Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic biology 67 (5): 901–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
Rozas, J., Ferrer-Mata, A., Sánchez-DelBarrio, J.C., Guirao-Rico, S., Librado, P., Ramos-Onsins, S.E. & Sánchez-Gracia, A. (2017) DnaSp 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 (12): 3299–3302. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx248
Shahzadi, I., Mehmood, F., Ali, Z., Malik, M.S., Waseem, S., Mirza, B., Ahmed, I. & Waheed, M.T. (2019) Comparative analyses of chloroplast genomes among three Firmiana species: Identification of mutational hotspots and phylogenetic relationship with other species of Malvaceae. Plant Gene 19: 100199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plgene.2019.100199
Sharma, S.D. & Shastry, S.V.S. (1965) Taxonomic studies in the genus Oryza L.III. O. rufipogon Griff sensor strictro O. nivara sharma et shastry nom. nov. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 25: 157–161.
Thomas, S., Mani, B., Britto, S.J. & Pradeep, A.K. (2020) A new species of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) from the Western Ghats, India. Taiwania 65: 167–171. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.1.627
Tillich, M., Lehwark, P., Pellizzer, T., Ulbricht-Jones, E.S., Fischer, A., Bock, R. & Greiner, S. (2017) GeSeq–versatile and accurate annotation of organelle genomes. Nucleic Acids Research 45 (W1): W6–W11. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx391
Vahl, M. (1794) Symbolae Botanicae. 3. Moller, Copenhagen, pp. 147.
Venu, P. (2006) Strobilanthes Blume (Acanthaceae) in Peninsular India. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, 216 pp.
Wood, J.R.I. (1994) Notes relating to the flora of Bhutan: XXIX. Acanthaceae, with special reference to Strobilanthes. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 51 (2): 175–273. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600000871
Wood, J.R.I. (1995) Notes on Strobilanthes for the flora of Ceylon. Kew Bulletin 50 (1): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/4114605.
Wood, J.R.I. (1998) Strobilanthes. In: Dassanayake, M.D. (Ed.) A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. A.A Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 30–74.
Wood, J.R.I. (2014) New Names and Combinations in Indian Acanthaceae Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 23 (3): 385–395. https://doi.org/10.3417/2013046
Wood, J.R.I. & Scotland, R.W. (2009) New and little-known species of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) from India and South East Asia. Kew Bulletin 64: 3–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-009-9098-2
Anderson, T. (1860) Acanthaceae. In: Thwaites, G.H.K. (Ed.) Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniae 3. Dulau & Co., London, pp. 161–240. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.574
Blume, C.L. (1826) Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 14. Batavia. Ter Lands Drukkerij, Batavia, 781 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.395
Carine, M.A., Jayasekara, P. & Scotland, R.W. (2000) A New Species of Strobilanthes Blume (Acanthaceae) from Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin 55 (4): 971–976. https://doi.org/10.2307/4113644
Carine, M.A. & Scotland, R.W. (1998) Pollen morphology of Strobilanthes Blume (Acanthaceae) from southern India and Sri Lanka. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 103: 143–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(98)00030-X
Carine, M.A. & Scotland, R.W. (2002) Classification of Strobilanthinae (Acanthaceae): trying to classify the unclassifiable? Taxon 51: 259–279. https://doi.org/10.2307/1554897
Cheng, Y., Zhang, L., Qi, J. & Zhang, L. (2020) Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Hibiscus cannabinus and comparative analysis of the Malvaceae family. Frontiers in Genetics 11: 227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00227
Clarke, C.B. (1884) Acanthaceae. In: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) Flora of British India, 4. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 429–477.
Drummond, A.J., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Rambaut, A. (2012) Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29 (8): 1969–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss075
Du, L., Zhang, C., Liu, Q., Zhang, X. & Yue, B. (2018) Krait: an ultrafast tool for genome-wide survey of microsatellites and primer design. Bioinformatics 34 (4): 681–683. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx665
Eguiluz, M., Rodrigues, N.F., Guzman, F., Yuyama, P. & Margis, R. (2017) The chloroplast genome sequence from Eugenia uniflora, a Myrtaceae from Neotropics. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303 (9): 1199–1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1431-x
Greiner, S., Lehwark, P. & Bock, R. (2019) OrganellarGenomeDRAW (OGDRAW) version 1.3.1: expanded toolkit for the graphical visualization of organellar genomes. Nucleic Acids Research 47 (W1): W59–W64. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz238
Holl, C.F. & Heynhold, G. (1842.) Flora von Sachsen 1. Verlag von Justus Naumann, Dresden, 538 pp.
Hohmann, N. Wolf, E.M., Lysak, M.A. & Koch, M.A. (2015) A time-calibrated road map of Brassicaceae species radiation and evolutionary history. Plant Cell 27 : 2770–2784. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.15.00482
IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.Version14.Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee, 113 pp. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf
Jin, J.J., Yu, W.B., Yang, J.B., Song, Y., Depamphilis, C.W., Yi, T.S. & Li, D.Z. (2020) GetOrganelle: a fast and versatile toolkit for accurate de novo assembly of organelle genomes. Genome Biology 21 (1): 241. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02154-5
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C. & Thierer, T. (2012) Geneious basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 28 (12): 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum 2. A. Felix, London, 499 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.327
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Mabberley, D.J. (2017) Mabberley’s Plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 4th edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1102 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316335581
Nees von Esenbeck, C.G. (1832) Acanthaceae Indiae orientalis. In: Wallich, N. (Ed.) Plantae Asiaticae rariores 3. Treuttel, Würtz & Ritter, London, pp. 70–117.
Nees von Esenbeck, C.G. (1837) Characters of new species of Indian Acanthaceae. Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2: 310–313.
Nees von Esenbeck, C.G. (1847) Acanthaceae. In: de Candolle, A.P. (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 11. Treuttel and Wurtz, Paris, pp. 46–519. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.286
O’Kane, S.L. & Al-Shehbaz, I.A. (1997) A synopsis of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae). Novon 7: 323–327. https://doi.org/10.2307/3391949.
POWO 2019. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew <www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/>, accessed 20 Nov 2020.
Rambaut, A. (2017) FigTree, a graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees, version 1.4.3. Computer program distributed by the author, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Available from: http://tree. bio. ed. ac. uk/software/figtree (accessed 28 February 2021)
Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic biology 67 (5): 901–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
Rozas, J., Ferrer-Mata, A., Sánchez-DelBarrio, J.C., Guirao-Rico, S., Librado, P., Ramos-Onsins, S.E. & Sánchez-Gracia, A. (2017) DnaSp 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 (12): 3299–3302. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx248
Shahzadi, I., Mehmood, F., Ali, Z., Malik, M.S., Waseem, S., Mirza, B., Ahmed, I. & Waheed, M.T. (2019) Comparative analyses of chloroplast genomes among three Firmiana species: Identification of mutational hotspots and phylogenetic relationship with other species of Malvaceae. Plant Gene 19: 100199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plgene.2019.100199
Sharma, S.D. & Shastry, S.V.S. (1965) Taxonomic studies in the genus Oryza L.III. O. rufipogon Griff sensor strictro O. nivara sharma et shastry nom. nov. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 25: 157–161.
Thomas, S., Mani, B., Britto, S.J. & Pradeep, A.K. (2020) A new species of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) from the Western Ghats, India. Taiwania 65: 167–171. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.1.627
Tillich, M., Lehwark, P., Pellizzer, T., Ulbricht-Jones, E.S., Fischer, A., Bock, R. & Greiner, S. (2017) GeSeq–versatile and accurate annotation of organelle genomes. Nucleic Acids Research 45 (W1): W6–W11. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx391
Vahl, M. (1794) Symbolae Botanicae. 3. Moller, Copenhagen, pp. 147.
Venu, P. (2006) Strobilanthes Blume (Acanthaceae) in Peninsular India. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, 216 pp.
Wood, J.R.I. (1994) Notes relating to the flora of Bhutan: XXIX. Acanthaceae, with special reference to Strobilanthes. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 51 (2): 175–273. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600000871
Wood, J.R.I. (1995) Notes on Strobilanthes for the flora of Ceylon. Kew Bulletin 50 (1): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/4114605.
Wood, J.R.I. (1998) Strobilanthes. In: Dassanayake, M.D. (Ed.) A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. A.A Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 30–74.
Wood, J.R.I. (2014) New Names and Combinations in Indian Acanthaceae Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 23 (3): 385–395. https://doi.org/10.3417/2013046
Wood, J.R.I. & Scotland, R.W. (2009) New and little-known species of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) from India and South East Asia. Kew Bulletin 64: 3–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-009-9098-2