Abstract
Two new species in the genus Bacillaria, B. sinensis sp. nov. and B. dongtingensis sp. nov., are described from Dongting Lake, China. Both share the linear-lanceolate valve outline and the fault sites (i.e., branching and/or fusion of transapical ribs), the latter a character of the genus. Even though B. sinensis and B. dongtingensis are found at the same specific locality (sympatric), they differ by two characters: (1) the valves of B. sinensis have asymmetrical flanges on both sides of the raphe, while the raphe flange of B. dongtingensis is only on one side of the raphe; and (2) the valves of B. sinensis lack spines on the valve margins while B. dongtingensis has spines on both margins. Bacillaria sinensis and B. dongtingensis both possess two forms of fault sites on the same valves, i.e., they have both branching of transapical ribs and fusion of transapical ribs on the broader side of valve. This feature is not found in other species of Bacillaria, so it is unique. Bacillaria sinensis and B. dongtingensis are the first two species of Bacillaria reported from a typical and ‘normal’ freshwater habitat.
References
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Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.B.G.M. (1822) Bacillarées. Dictionaire Classique d‘Histoire Naturelle 2: 127–129.
Cleve, P.T. & Grunow, A. (1880) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Arctischen Diatomeen. Kongliga Svenska-Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 17: 1–121.
Cox, E.J. (2015) Coscinodiscophyceae, Mediophyceae, Fragilariophyceae, Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). In: Frey, W. (Ed.) Syllabus of plant families. Adolf Engler’s Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. Photoautotrophic eukaryotic algae Glaucocystophyta, Cryptophyta, Dinophyta/Dinozoa, Heterokontophyta/Ochrophyta, Chlorarachniophyta/Cercozoa, Euglenophyta/Euglenozoa, Chlorophyta, Streptophyta p.p. 13th ed., 2 (1). Borntraeger Science Publishers, Stuttgart, pp. 64–103.
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Hendey, N.I. (1951) Littoral diatoms of Chichester Harbour with special reference to fouling. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 71: 1–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1951.tb01951.x
Jahn, R. & Schmid, A.-M.M. (2007) Revision of the brackish-freshwater diatom genus Bacillaria Gmelin (Bacillariophyta) with the description of a new variety and two new species. European Journal of Phycology 42: 295–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670260701428864
Liu, B., Williams, D.M. & Ector, L. (2018) Entomoneis triundulata sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new freshwater diatom species from Dongting Lake, China. Cryptogamie, Algologie 39: 239–253. https://doi.org/10.7872/crya/v39.iss2.2018.239
Liu, B., Williams D.M., Blanco S., Liu Z.-X. & Liu, D. (2019) Three new species of Ulnaria (Kützing) Compère (Bacillariophyta) from China, with reference to the fine structure of their valvocopula. Cryptogamie, Algologie 40: 119–139. https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2019v40a11.
Mann, D.G., McDonald, S.M., Bayer, M.M., Droop, S.J., Chepurnov, V.A., Loke, R.E., Ciobanu, A. & Du Buf, J.H. (2004) The Sellaphora pupula species complex (Bacillariophyceae): morphometric analysis, ultrastructure and mating data provide evidence for five new species. Phycologia 43: 459–482. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-43-4-459.1
Mann, D.G., Trobajo, R., Sato, S., Li, C, Witkowski, A., Rimet, F., Ashworth, M.P., Hollands, R.M, Theriot, E.C. (2021) Ripe for reassessment: A synthesis of available molecular data for the speciose diatom family Bacillariaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 158: 106985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106985
Marsson, T. (1901) Diatomaceen von Neu-Vorpommern, Rügen und Usedom. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mikroskopie und Klinische Chemie 6: 253–268.
Mereschkowsky, C. (1902) On Sellaphora, a new genus of diatoms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7 9: 185–195. http://doi.org/10.1080/00222930208678565
Müller, O.F. (1786) Animalcula infusoria fluviatilia et marina quae detexit, systematice, descripsit et ad vivum delineare curavit O.F. Muller. N. Möller, Havniae. 373 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.129933
Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) The diatoms: biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 747 pp.
Schmid, A.-M.M. (2007) The “Paradox” Diatom Bacillaria Paxillifer (Bacillariophyta) Revisited. Journal of Phycology 43: 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00299.x
Smith, W. (1853) Synopsis of British Diatomaceae. John Van Voorst, London, 89 pp.
Spaulding, S. (2018) Bacillaria paxillifera. In Diatoms of North America. Retrieved April 20, 2021 from [https://diatoms.org/species/bacillaria_paxillifera]
Turpin, P.J.F. (1828) Observations sur le nouveau genre Surirella. Mémoires du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle 16: 361–368.
Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica 7. pp. 925.