Abstract
In this study, the taxonomic status of Muscari wallii, considered as a synonym of Muscari tenuiflorum in previous studies, is re-evaluated based on morphological and chorological studies. Muscari wallii is morphologically similar to M. tenuiflorum and M. babachii. However, it is discussed that M. wallii differs mainly by its seed characteristics, posture of pedicels of sterile flowers at maturity and bulb shape from both taxa. It is also distinguished from M. tenuiflorum by the colour of shoulders of fertile flowers and colour of young intermediate flowers, and from M. babachii by the fruit shape, colour of sterile and young intermediate flowers, shape and length of fertile flowers and scabrid leaf margin. A comprehensive description, diagnostic characters, original photographs, geographical distribution, identification key, observations, and taxonomic comments on the resurrected species are presented.
References
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IPNI (2021 [continuously updated]) The international plant names index. Available from http://www.ipni.org (accessed 15 February 2021)
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Pfosser, M., Speta, F., (1999) Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86: 852–875. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666172
P?nar, M.P., Fidan, M. & Ero?lu, H. (2018) Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.: A new record for the family Asparagaceae from Turkey. Türkiye Tar?msal Ara?t?rmalar Dergisi 5: 116–119. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.368374
Pirhan, A.F., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Alt?o?lu, Y. (2014 publ. 2015) Muscari serpentinicum sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from western Anatolia, Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 21: 1–14.
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Barthlott, W., Neinhuis, C., Cutler, D., Ditsch, F., Meusel, I., Theisen, I. & Wilhelmi, H. (1998) Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 126 (3): 237–260. https://doi.org/10.1006/bojl.1997.0137
Bojnanský, V. & Fargašová, A. (2007) Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European Flora. Springer, Dordrecht, 1079 pp.
Byng, J.W. (2014) The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world. Plant Gateway Ltd., Hertford, 619 pp.
Çilden, E. & Y?ld?r?ml?, ?. (2017) Reseda anatolica, a new status for Reseda inodora var. anatolica (Resedaceae), and Bellevalia sirnakense (Hyacinthaceae), a new combination from Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 24: 37–44.
Davis, P.H. & Stuart, D.C. (1980) Muscari Mill. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Valentine, D.H. (Eds.) Flora Europaea 5. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 46–49.
Davis, P.H. & Stuart, D.C. (1984) Muscari Mill. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 245–263.
Davis, P.H., Mill, R. & Tan, K. (1988) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 10, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 225–226.
Demirci, S., Özhatay, N. & Koçyi?it, M. (2013) Muscari erdalii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from Southern Turkey. Phytotaxa 154: 38–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.2
Demirci, S., Özhatay, N., Gürdal, B. & Kaya, E. (2014) Türkiye geofit floras?na katk?lar (Contributions to the Turkish geophyte flora). In: Kaya, E. (Ed.) Türkiye Geofitleri 3. Furkan Ofset, Yalova, pp. 543–552.
Demirci Kay?ran, S., Özhatay, N. & Kaya, E. (2019) Muscari tauricum (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 399: 109–118. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.399.2.1
Desfontaines, R.L. (1798) Flora Atlantica, C. Panckougke, Paris, 444 pp+120 plates.
Do?u, S. & Uysal, T. (2019) Muscari savranii (Asparagaceae), a new species from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 402: 155–164. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.3.3
Eker, ?. & Koyuncu, M. (2008) Muscari babachii sp. nov. (Hyacinthaceae) from south Anatolia. Nordic Journal of Botany 26: 49–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2008.00299.x
Eker, ?. (2012) Muscari Mill. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?, Istanbul, pp. 98–100.
Eker, ?. (2019a) Muscari fatmacereniae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from southern Anatolia. Phytotaxa 397: 99–106. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.397.1.10
Eker, ?. (2019b) Muscari pamiryigidii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from northwestern Anatolia. Phytotaxa 408: 255–266. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.408.4.2
Eker, ?., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Arma?an, M. (2019) Türkiye Floras? için yeni bir mü?kürüm kayd?: Muscari pallens (A new grape hyacinth record for the Flora of Turkey: Muscari pallens). Ba?bahçe Bilim Dergisi 6: 45–53. https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.559583
Eker, ?. & Kandemir, A. (2020) Muscari sintenisii Freyn (Asparagaceae)’nin taksonomik dirili?i ve türün lektotipifikasyonu (Taxonomic resurrection of Muscari sintenisii Freyn (Asparagaceae) and lectotypification of the species). Ba?bahçe Bilim Dergisi 7: 12–24. https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.769591
Eker, I., Duman, H. & Y?ld?r?m, H. (2020) Muscari muglaensis (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from southwestern Anatolia. Phytotaxa 475: 267–278. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.475.4.4
Eker, ?. & Arma?an, M. (2020) Türkiye Floras?’nda Muscari kerkis (Asparagaceae)’in varl??? üzerine (On the presence of Muscari kerkis (Asparagaceae) in the Flora of Turkey). Ba?bahçe Bilim Dergisi 7: 25–34. https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.764281
Eker, ?. & Y?ld?r?m, H. (2021) Muscari inundatum (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from southern Anatolia. Phytotaxa 484: 181–194. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.484.2.3
Eker, ? (2021) What is Muscari massayanum and what is not? Second species born of confusion: Muscari erzincanicum (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 487: 041–055. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.1.3
Ero?lu, H. & P?nar, S.M. (2019) The taxonomic resurrection of Muscari haradjianii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), and a new synonym in the genus Muscari in Turkey. Phytotaxa 418: 097–106. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.418.1.6
Ero?lu, H., P?nar, S.M. & Fidan, M. (2019) Muscari sabihapinari sp. nov. (Asparagaceae) from Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 37 (11). https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02514
Garbari, F. & Greuter, W. (1970) On the taxonomy and typification of Muscari Miller (Liliaceae) and allied genera, and on the typification of generic names. Taxon 19: 329–335. https://doi.org/10.2307/1219056
Halbritter, H., Ulrich, S., Grímsson, F., Weber, M., Zetter, R., Hesse, M., Buchner, R., Svojtka, M. & Frosch-Radivo, A. (2018) Illustrated Pollen Terminology. Second Edition. Springer-Verlag/Wien, Austria, 487 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71365-6
Herrmann, N., Weiss, G., Durka, W. (2006) Biological flora of Central Europe: Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch. Flora 201: 81–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2005.03.002
IPNI (2021 [continuously updated]) The international plant names index. Available from http://www.ipni.org (accessed 15 February 2021)
Kaya, E. (2014) Muscari commutatum Guss. In: Kaya, E. (Ed.) Türkiye Geofitleri 2. Furkan Ofset, Yalova, pp. 376 [in Turkish].
Koyuncu, M. & Eker, ?. (2011) Allium arsuzense sp. nov. and A. roseum subsp. gulekense subsp. nov. from Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 29: 391–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.00879.x
Kubitzki, K. (1998) The families and genera of vascular plants III: Flowering Plants-monocotyledons Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 478 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03531-3
Lapeyrouse, P.P. de (1808) Nouveau genre de plante de la famille des Liliacées. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts 67: 425–427.
Lozina-Lozinskaya, A.S. (1968) Muscari Mill. In: Komarov V.L. (Ed.) Flora of the U.S.S.R. IV. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, pp. 316–324 [Translated from Russian (1935)].
Menemen, Y., Aytaç, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Türkçe Bilimsel Bitki Adland?rma Yönergesi. Ba?bahçe Bilim Dergisi 3 (3): 1–3 [in Turkish].
Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, Ed. 4. London, 926 pp.
Oustroumova, T.A. (2018) Fruit micromorphology in the Umbelliferae of the Russian Far East. Botanica pasifica 7 (1): 41–49. https://doi.org/10.17581/bp.2018.07107
Özhatay, N. (2000) Muscari Mill. In: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Ba?er K.H.C. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 11, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 237–240.
Parlatore, F. (1845) Flora Palermitana ossia Descrizione delle Piante che Crescono Spontanee nella Valle di Palermo 1. Per La Societa Tipografica, Firenze, 442 pp.
Pfosser, M., Speta, F., (1999) Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86: 852–875. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666172
P?nar, M.P., Fidan, M. & Ero?lu, H. (2018) Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.: A new record for the family Asparagaceae from Turkey. Türkiye Tar?msal Ara?t?rmalar Dergisi 5: 116–119. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.368374
Pirhan, A.F., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Alt?o?lu, Y. (2014 publ. 2015) Muscari serpentinicum sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from western Anatolia, Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 21: 1–14.
Post, G.E. & Dinsmore, J.E. (1933) Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai 2. American Press, Beirut, pp. 647–650.
POWO (2020[continuously updated]) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 11 June 2021)
Rechinger, K.H. (1952) Plantae novae Syriacae. Arkiv för Botanik 1 (6): 505–512.
Rechinger, K.H. (1960) Zur Flora von Syrien und Libanon. Arkiv för Botanik 2 (5): 88.
Rechinger, K. (1990) Liliaceae II. In: Browicz, K.H., Persson, K., Wendelbo, P. (Eds.) Flora Iranica 165. Verlagsanstatt, Austria: Akademic Druck. U., Graz, pp. 140–148.
Rouy, G. (1910) Flore de France 12, Imprimerie Deslis Frères, Paris, pp. 435.
Speta, F., 1982. Über die Abgrenzung und Gliederung der Gattung Muscari und über ihre Beziehungen zu anderen Vertretern der Hyacinthaceae. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 103: 247–291.
Speta, F. (1989) Muscari (subg. Leopoldia) mirum Speta, spec. nova, im Kreise seiner nächsten Verwandten. Phyton 29: 105–117.
Stuart, D.C. (1985) Muscari Mill. In: Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (Eds.) Flora of Iraq 8. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Baghdad, pp. 126–135.
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