Abstract
Poeppigia is a Neotropical genus of legumes that occurs from Mexico and Cuba to eastern Brazil and is considered until now to be monospecific with two varieties. Being one of the 17 genera in the subfamily Dialioideae, Poeppigia stands out as one of the few genera with not reduced perianth and androecium, representing a possible link between this subfamily and the other Fabaceae. The genus was never revised since several taxa were described in the XIX century and lack of recent studies and proper typification. Here we revised the genus taxonomically with the analysis of more than 400 specimens and proposed the acceptance of two species: P. procera, distributed on tropical forests from Mexico to Amazon and Southeast Brazil and P. densiflora, endemic of Brazilian Caatinga. The two species are distinct for many characters as habitus, size of branch, leaf and fruits, number of leaflets, stipules and bracts and form of inflorescence. Seed, embryo, pollen and seedling descriptions, conservation assessments, illustrations, maps of distribution and an identification key are presented. Nomenclatural, biogeographical, and ecological comments and three new lectotypifications are made.
References
<p>Abbott, R.J., Ritchie, M.G. & Hollingsworth, P.M. (2008) Speciation in plants and animals: pattern and process-Introduction<em>. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B</em> 363: 2965–2969. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0096</p>
<p>Aguiar, C.M.L. (2003) Flower visits of <em>Centris</em> bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in an area of Caatinga (Bahia, Brazil). <em>Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment</em> 38 (1): 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1076/snfe.38.1.41.14029</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., De La Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Bai, H.R., Oyebanji, O., Zhang, R. & Yi, T.S. (2020) Plastid phylogenomic insights into the evolution of subfamily Dialioideae (Leguminosae). <em>Plant Diversity</em>. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2020.06.008</p>
<p>Baillon, H.E. (1866) Études Sur l’herbie du Gabon. <em>Adansonia</em> 6: 193.</p>
<p>Banda-R., K., Delgado-Salinas, A., Dexter, K.G., Linares-Palomino, R., Oliveira-Filho, A., Prado, D., Pullan, M., Quintana, C., Riina, R., Rodríguez M., G.M., Weintritt, J., Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., Adarve, J., Álvarez, E., Aranguren, B.A., Arteaga, J.C., Aymard, G., Castaño, A., Ceballos-Mago, N., Cogollo, Á., Cuadros, H., Delgado, F., Devia, W., Dueñas, H., Fajardo, L., Fernández, Á., Fernández, M.Á., Franklin, J, Freid, E.H., Galetti, L.A., Gonto, R., González-M., R., Graveson, R., Helmer, E.H., Idárraga, Á., López, R., Marcano-Vega, H., Martínez, O.G., Maturo, H.M., McDonald, M., McLaren, K., Melo, O., Mijares, F., Mogni, V., Molina, D., Moreno, N.D., Nassar, J.M., Neves, D.M., Oakley, L.J., Oatham, M., Olvera-Luna, A.R., Pezzini, F.F., Dominguez, O.J., Ríos, M.E., Rivera, O., Rodríguez, N., Rojas, A., Särkinen, T., Sánchez, R., Smith, M., Vargas, C., Villanueva, B. & Pennington, R.T. (2016) Plant diversity patterns in Neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications. <em>Science</em> 353 (6306): 1383–1387.</p>
<p>Barrance, A. (2003) <em>Árboles de Centroamérica: un manual para extensionistas</em>. Oxford Forestry Institute & IICA/CATIE, Oxford, UK; Turrialba, Costa Rica.</p>
<p>Barroso, G.M., Morim, M.P., Peixoto, A.L. & Ichaso, C.L.F. (1999) <em>Frutos e sementes. Morfologia aplicada à sistemática de dicotiledôneas. </em>UFV, Viçosa, Brazil.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1840) Schomburgk’s Guiana Plants. <em>Journal of Botany, being a second series of the Botanical Miscellany </em>2: 82–83.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1865) <em>Genera plantarum</em>: ad exemplaria imprimis in Herberiis Kewensibus servata definita. V. 1, pt. 2. A. Black. Londres. UK.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1870) Leguminosae 2, Swartzieae et Caesalpinieae. <em>In:</em> Martius, C.F.P., Endlicher, S. & Urban, I. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em> 15 (2). Monachii, Lipsiae, pp. 80–178.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1875) On the Mimoseae. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London</em> 30 (3): 534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb00005.x</p>
<p>Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K., Salomón, J.M. & Molina, G.M. (2009) Nova Silva Cuscatlanica. Árboles nativos e introducidos de El Salvador. Parte, 1: Angiospermae – Familia A a L. <em>Englera </em>29 (1): 166–167.</p>
<p>Beuchle, R., Grecchi, R.C., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Seliger, R., Eva, H.D., Sano, E. & Achard, F. (2015) Land cover changes in the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga biomes from 1990 to 2010 based on a systematic remote sensing sampling approach. <em>Applied Geography</em> 58: 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.01.017</p>
<p>Bridgewater, S.G.M., Harris, D.J., Whitefoord, C., Monro, A.K., Penn, M.G., Sutton, D.A., Sayer, B., Adams, B., Balick, M.J., Atha, D.E., Solomon, J. & Holst, B.K. (2006) A Preliminary Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Chiquibul Forest, Belize. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em> 63 (2–3): 269–321. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428606000618</p>
<p>Britton, N.L. & Rose, J.N. (1930) <em>North American Flora</em>. Caesalpiniaceae<em>. </em>23.4 The New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA.</p>
<p>Bruneau, A., Forest, F., Herendeen, P.S., Klitgaard, B.B. & Lewis, G.P. (2001) Phylogenetic Relationships in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) as Inferred from Chloroplast <em>trnL</em> intron Sequences. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 26: 487–514.</p>
<p>Bush, M.B. & Oliveira, P.E.D. (2006) The rise and fall of the Refugial Hypothesis of Amazonian speciation: a paleoecological perspective. <em>Biota Neotropica</em> 6 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032006000100002</p>
<p>Capuron, R.P.R. (1968) Contributions a L’étude de la Flore Forestière de Madagascar. <em>Adansonia: recueil périodique d’observations botanique</em>, n.s. 8 (2): 205–208, f. 1.</p>
<p>Chun, W.Y. (1946) <em>Sunyatsenia.</em> <em>Journal of the Botanical Institute, Sun Yat Sen University, Canton, China</em> 6 (3–4): 195–198, f. 24–25.</p>
<p>Doyen, J.T. & Slobodchikoff, C.N. (1974) An operational approach to species classification. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 23 (2): 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/23.2.239</p>
<p>DuPuy, D. & Labat, J.N. (2001) <em>Legumes of Madagascar</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew, UK.</p>
<p>Dwyer, J.D. (1958) <em>Androcalymma</em>, a New Genus of the Tribe Cassieae (Caesalpiniaceae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 44 (4): 295–297. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394647</p>
<p>Dwyer, J.D. & Spellman, D.L. (1981) A list of the Dicotyledoneae of Belize. <em>Rhodora</em> 83 (834): 161–236.</p>
<p>Falcão, M.J.A., Mansano, V.F. & Pinto, R.B. (2016) A taxonomic revision of the genus <em>Dialium</em> (Leguminosae: Dialiinae) in the neotropics. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 283: 123–142. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.2.2</p>
<p>Falcão, M.J.A., Paulino, J.V., Kochanovski, F.J., Figueiredo, R.C., Basso-Alves, J.P. & Mansano, V.F. (2020a) Development of inflorescences and flowers in Fabaceae subfamily Dialioideae: An evolutionary overview and complete ontogenetic series for <em>Apuleia</em> and <em>Martiodendron</em>. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 193: 19–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz098</p>
<p>Falcão, M.J.A. & Mansano, V.F. (2020b) <em>Dialium heterophyllum</em> (Fabaceae: Dialioideae), a new tree species from the Amazon. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 477 (1): 47–59. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.477.1.3</p>
<p>Férussac, A.E.J.P.F.A (1830) Notice Succincte sur la Vegetation et les Productions Naturelles de L’ile Juan Fernandez. <em>Bulletin des sciences naturelles et de geologie</em> 23: 109.</p>
<p>Giray, E.F. (1976) An integrated biological approach to the species problem. <em>The British Journal for the Philosoph</em>y <em>of Science</em> 27 (4): 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/27.4.317</p>
<p>Gleason, H.A. (1935) Some necessary nomenclatural changes (with one new species). <em>Phytologia</em> 1: 141.</p>
<p>Haffer, J. (2008) Hypotheses to explain the origin of species in Amazonia. <em>Brazilian Journal of Biology</em> 68 (4): 917–947. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842008000500003</p>
<p>Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2001) <em>Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary</em>. Spring Lake Publishing. Spring Lake, Utah, USA. 206 pp.</p>
<p>Hartmann, L.S. & Rodrigues, R.S. (2014) Morfologia de plântulas de <em>Martiodendron excelsum</em> e sua relevância sistemática em Dialiinae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). <em>Rodriguesia</em> 65: 577–586.</p>
<p> ttps://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201465302</p>
<p>Herendeen, P.S., Bruneau, A., Lewis, G.P. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships in caesalpinioid legumes: a preliminary analysis based on morphological and molecular data. <em>In</em> Klitgaard, B., Bruneau, A., eds<em>. Advances in legume systematics</em> 10: 37–62.</p>
<p>Hooker, W.J. & Arnott, G.A.W. (1832) <em>The Botany of Captain Beechey’s Voyage</em>. Bohn, London.</p>
<p>INPE (National Institute for Space Research, Brazil). (2020) Earth Observation General Coordination (OBT). Satellite Monitoring of the Brazilian Amazon and Other Biomes Alerts – Amazon Biome – Available from: http://terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br/downloads/ (accessed 30 October 2020)</p>
<p>Irwin, H.S. & Arroyo, M.T. (1974) Three new legume species from South America. <em>Brittonia</em> 26 (3): 264–266. https://doi.org/10.2307/2805729</p>
<p>Irwin, H.S. & Barneby, R.C. (1981) Cassieae. <em>In</em> Polhill, R.M., Raven, P.H., eds<em>. Advances in legume systematics </em>1: 97–106.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. (accessed 8 June 2021)</p>
<p>Legume Phylogeny Working Group (2017) A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny. <em>Taxon</em> 66: 44–77. https://doi.org/10.12705/661.3</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C.V. (1767) <em>Systema Naturae. </em>12 ed. Holmiae: Impensis Direct. Lautentii Salvii, Stockholm, 736 pp.</p>
<p>Liu, J.Q. (2016) The integrative species concept’and ‘species on the speciation way’. <em>Biodiversity Science</em> 24 (9): 1004<em>–</em>1008<em>. </em>https://doi.org/10.17520/biods.2016222</p>
<p>Maingay. (1873)<em> Koompassia malaccensis</em>. <em>Hooker’s Icones Plantarum</em> 12: 58–59.</p>
<p>Martius, C. Von. (1837) 178 <em>Apuleia praecox</em> Mart. Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis. <em>Flora </em>20 (Beibl.): 123.</p>
<p>Moldenke, H.N. (1937) <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 42: 69. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4870420111</p>
<p>Montibeller, B., Kmoch, A., Virro, H., Mander, U. & Uuemaa, E<em>. </em>(2020) Increasing fragmentation of forest cover in Brazil’s Legal Amazon from 2001 to 2017. <em>Scientific Reports</em> 10 (1): 5803. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62591-x</p>
<p>Mori, S.A., Silva, L.A.M., Lisboa, G. & Coradin, L. (1989) <em>Manual de Manejo de Herbário Fanerogâmico.</em> 2<sup>a </sup>ed. Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), Ilhéus. Brazil.</p>
<p>Polhill, R.M. & Vidal, J.E. (1981) Caesalpinieae. <em>In:</em> Polhill, R.M. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) <em>Advances in Legume Systematics</em> 1: 81–96.</p>
<p>Potapov, P., Hansen, M.C., Laestadius, L., Turubanova, S., Yaroshenk, A., Thies, C., Smith, W., Zhuravleva, I., Komarova, A., Minnemeyer, S. & Esipova, E. (2017) The last frontiers of wilderness: tracking loss of intact forest landscapes from 2000 to 2013.<em> Science Advances</em> 3 (1): e1600821. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600821</p>
<p>Presl, C.B. (1830) <em>Symbolae Botanicae, sive, Descriptiones et icones plantarum novarum aut minus cognitarum. </em>Prague, Czech Republic. V1: 15–16.</p>
<p>de Queiroz, L.P. (2009) <em>Legumes of the Caatinga</em>. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh., UK.</p>
<p>Reichenbach, H.G.L. (1828) <em>Conspectus Regni Vegetabilis</em> 212a.</p>
<p>REFLORA (2020) Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/ (accessed 24 November 2020)</p>
<p>Richard, A. (1846) <em>Histoire Physique, Politique et Naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba</em> ... Botanique. – Plantes Vasculaires<em>. </em>Paris. France.</p>
<p>Rojo, J.P. (1982) <em>Studies in the genus Dialium (Cassieae–Caesalpinioideae</em>). University of Oxford, Oxford. UK.</p>
<p>Sandwith, N.Y. (1939) <em>In</em>: Smith, A.C. Notes on a Collection of Plants from British Guiana. <em>Lloydia: A Quarterly Journal of Biological Science</em> 2: 184.</p>
<p>Santos, G.M., Aguiar, C.M.L. & Mello, M.A. (2010) Flower-visiting guild associated with the Caatinga flora: trophic interaction networks formed by social bees and social wasps with plants. <em>Apidologie</em> 41 (4): 466–475. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009081</p>
<p>Santos, M.G., Oliveira, M.T., Figueiredo, K.V., Falcao, H.M., Arruda, E.C., Almeida-Cortez, J., Sampaio, E.V.S.B., Ometto, J.P.H.B., Menezes, R.S.C., Oliveira, A.F.M., Pompelli, M.F. & Antonino, A.C. (2014) Caatinga, the Brazilian dry tropical forest: can it tolerate climate changes?. <em>Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology</em> 26 (1): 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-014-0008-0</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1827) <em>Systema Vegetabilium</em>, editio decima sexta, Appendix. 4 (2): 406.</p>
<p>Sobral-Souza, T. & Lima-Ribeiro, M.S. (2017) De volta ao passado: revisitando a história biogeográfica das florestas neotropicais úmidas. <em>Oecologia Australis</em> 21 (2): 93–107. https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2017.2102.01</p>
<p>Species Link. (2020) Sistema de Informação Distribuído para Coleções Biológicas. INCT-Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos. Brasil, Available from: http://inct.splink.org.br/ (accessed 24 November 2020)</p>
<p>Sprengel, C.P.J. (1825) <em>Systema Vegetabilium</em>, editio decima sexta 2: 343.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. (1937) <em>Flora de Costa Rica</em>, parte 1. Imprenta del Museo Nacional. Costa Rica.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946) Flora of Guatemala. V. <em>Fieldiana: Botany</em> 24 (5): 145.</p>
<p>Steudel, E.G. (1841) <em>Nomenclator Botanicus</em> ed. 2, 2: 366.</p>
<p>Stuessy, T.F. (2009) <em>Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of comparative data</em>. Columbia University Press. New York. USA.</p>
<p>Taubert, P.H.W. (1892) <em>In</em> Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) <em>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</em> 77 [III]: 176.</p>
<p>Tucker, S.C. (1993) Floral ontogeny in Sophoreae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae). I. <em>Myroxylon</em> (<em>Myroxylon</em> group) and <em>Castanospermum</em> (<em>Angylocalyx</em> group). <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 80: 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb13768.x</p>
<p>Tucker, S.C. (1998) Floral ontogeny in legume genera <em>Petalostylis</em>, <em>Labichea</em>, and <em>Dialium </em>(Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a series in floral reduction. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 85: 184–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/2446307</p>
<p>Tulasne, R.L. (1844) Légumineuses arborescentes de L’Amérique du Sud. <em>Archives du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle Paris</em> 4: 122.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code)</em>. Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017<em>. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</em></p>
<p>Van der Niet, T., Peakall, R., Johnson, S.D. (2014) Pollinator-driven ecological speciation in plants: new evidence and future perspectives. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 113 (2): 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct290</p>
<p>Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1848) <em>Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg</em> ser. 3. 17: 416.</p>
<p>Zhang, R., Wang, Y.H., Jin, J.J., Stull, G.W., Bruneau, A., Cardoso, D., De Queiroz, L.P., Moore, M.J., Zhang, S.-D., Chen, S.-Y., Wang, J., Li, D.-Z. & Yi, T.-S. (2020) Exploration of plastid phylogenomic conflict yields new insights into the deep relationships of Leguminosae. <em>Systematic biology</em> 69 (4): 613–622. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa013</p>
<p>Zimmerman, E., Prenner, G. & Bruneau, A. (2013) Floral ontogeny in Dialiinae (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a study in organ loss and instability. <em>South African Journal of Botany</em> 89: 188–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.020</p>
<p>Zimmerman, E., Herendeen, P.S., Lewis, G.P. & Bruneau, A. (2017) Floral evolution and phylogeny of the Dialioideae, a diverse subfamily of tropical legumes. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 104: 1019–1041. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600436</p>
<p>Aguiar, C.M.L. (2003) Flower visits of <em>Centris</em> bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in an area of Caatinga (Bahia, Brazil). <em>Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment</em> 38 (1): 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1076/snfe.38.1.41.14029</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., De La Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Bai, H.R., Oyebanji, O., Zhang, R. & Yi, T.S. (2020) Plastid phylogenomic insights into the evolution of subfamily Dialioideae (Leguminosae). <em>Plant Diversity</em>. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2020.06.008</p>
<p>Baillon, H.E. (1866) Études Sur l’herbie du Gabon. <em>Adansonia</em> 6: 193.</p>
<p>Banda-R., K., Delgado-Salinas, A., Dexter, K.G., Linares-Palomino, R., Oliveira-Filho, A., Prado, D., Pullan, M., Quintana, C., Riina, R., Rodríguez M., G.M., Weintritt, J., Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., Adarve, J., Álvarez, E., Aranguren, B.A., Arteaga, J.C., Aymard, G., Castaño, A., Ceballos-Mago, N., Cogollo, Á., Cuadros, H., Delgado, F., Devia, W., Dueñas, H., Fajardo, L., Fernández, Á., Fernández, M.Á., Franklin, J, Freid, E.H., Galetti, L.A., Gonto, R., González-M., R., Graveson, R., Helmer, E.H., Idárraga, Á., López, R., Marcano-Vega, H., Martínez, O.G., Maturo, H.M., McDonald, M., McLaren, K., Melo, O., Mijares, F., Mogni, V., Molina, D., Moreno, N.D., Nassar, J.M., Neves, D.M., Oakley, L.J., Oatham, M., Olvera-Luna, A.R., Pezzini, F.F., Dominguez, O.J., Ríos, M.E., Rivera, O., Rodríguez, N., Rojas, A., Särkinen, T., Sánchez, R., Smith, M., Vargas, C., Villanueva, B. & Pennington, R.T. (2016) Plant diversity patterns in Neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications. <em>Science</em> 353 (6306): 1383–1387.</p>
<p>Barrance, A. (2003) <em>Árboles de Centroamérica: un manual para extensionistas</em>. Oxford Forestry Institute & IICA/CATIE, Oxford, UK; Turrialba, Costa Rica.</p>
<p>Barroso, G.M., Morim, M.P., Peixoto, A.L. & Ichaso, C.L.F. (1999) <em>Frutos e sementes. Morfologia aplicada à sistemática de dicotiledôneas. </em>UFV, Viçosa, Brazil.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1840) Schomburgk’s Guiana Plants. <em>Journal of Botany, being a second series of the Botanical Miscellany </em>2: 82–83.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1865) <em>Genera plantarum</em>: ad exemplaria imprimis in Herberiis Kewensibus servata definita. V. 1, pt. 2. A. Black. Londres. UK.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1870) Leguminosae 2, Swartzieae et Caesalpinieae. <em>In:</em> Martius, C.F.P., Endlicher, S. & Urban, I. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em> 15 (2). Monachii, Lipsiae, pp. 80–178.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1875) On the Mimoseae. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London</em> 30 (3): 534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb00005.x</p>
<p>Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K., Salomón, J.M. & Molina, G.M. (2009) Nova Silva Cuscatlanica. Árboles nativos e introducidos de El Salvador. Parte, 1: Angiospermae – Familia A a L. <em>Englera </em>29 (1): 166–167.</p>
<p>Beuchle, R., Grecchi, R.C., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Seliger, R., Eva, H.D., Sano, E. & Achard, F. (2015) Land cover changes in the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga biomes from 1990 to 2010 based on a systematic remote sensing sampling approach. <em>Applied Geography</em> 58: 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.01.017</p>
<p>Bridgewater, S.G.M., Harris, D.J., Whitefoord, C., Monro, A.K., Penn, M.G., Sutton, D.A., Sayer, B., Adams, B., Balick, M.J., Atha, D.E., Solomon, J. & Holst, B.K. (2006) A Preliminary Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Chiquibul Forest, Belize. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em> 63 (2–3): 269–321. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428606000618</p>
<p>Britton, N.L. & Rose, J.N. (1930) <em>North American Flora</em>. Caesalpiniaceae<em>. </em>23.4 The New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA.</p>
<p>Bruneau, A., Forest, F., Herendeen, P.S., Klitgaard, B.B. & Lewis, G.P. (2001) Phylogenetic Relationships in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) as Inferred from Chloroplast <em>trnL</em> intron Sequences. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 26: 487–514.</p>
<p>Bush, M.B. & Oliveira, P.E.D. (2006) The rise and fall of the Refugial Hypothesis of Amazonian speciation: a paleoecological perspective. <em>Biota Neotropica</em> 6 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032006000100002</p>
<p>Capuron, R.P.R. (1968) Contributions a L’étude de la Flore Forestière de Madagascar. <em>Adansonia: recueil périodique d’observations botanique</em>, n.s. 8 (2): 205–208, f. 1.</p>
<p>Chun, W.Y. (1946) <em>Sunyatsenia.</em> <em>Journal of the Botanical Institute, Sun Yat Sen University, Canton, China</em> 6 (3–4): 195–198, f. 24–25.</p>
<p>Doyen, J.T. & Slobodchikoff, C.N. (1974) An operational approach to species classification. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 23 (2): 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/23.2.239</p>
<p>DuPuy, D. & Labat, J.N. (2001) <em>Legumes of Madagascar</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew, UK.</p>
<p>Dwyer, J.D. (1958) <em>Androcalymma</em>, a New Genus of the Tribe Cassieae (Caesalpiniaceae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 44 (4): 295–297. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394647</p>
<p>Dwyer, J.D. & Spellman, D.L. (1981) A list of the Dicotyledoneae of Belize. <em>Rhodora</em> 83 (834): 161–236.</p>
<p>Falcão, M.J.A., Mansano, V.F. & Pinto, R.B. (2016) A taxonomic revision of the genus <em>Dialium</em> (Leguminosae: Dialiinae) in the neotropics. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 283: 123–142. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.2.2</p>
<p>Falcão, M.J.A., Paulino, J.V., Kochanovski, F.J., Figueiredo, R.C., Basso-Alves, J.P. & Mansano, V.F. (2020a) Development of inflorescences and flowers in Fabaceae subfamily Dialioideae: An evolutionary overview and complete ontogenetic series for <em>Apuleia</em> and <em>Martiodendron</em>. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 193: 19–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz098</p>
<p>Falcão, M.J.A. & Mansano, V.F. (2020b) <em>Dialium heterophyllum</em> (Fabaceae: Dialioideae), a new tree species from the Amazon. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 477 (1): 47–59. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.477.1.3</p>
<p>Férussac, A.E.J.P.F.A (1830) Notice Succincte sur la Vegetation et les Productions Naturelles de L’ile Juan Fernandez. <em>Bulletin des sciences naturelles et de geologie</em> 23: 109.</p>
<p>Giray, E.F. (1976) An integrated biological approach to the species problem. <em>The British Journal for the Philosoph</em>y <em>of Science</em> 27 (4): 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/27.4.317</p>
<p>Gleason, H.A. (1935) Some necessary nomenclatural changes (with one new species). <em>Phytologia</em> 1: 141.</p>
<p>Haffer, J. (2008) Hypotheses to explain the origin of species in Amazonia. <em>Brazilian Journal of Biology</em> 68 (4): 917–947. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842008000500003</p>
<p>Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2001) <em>Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary</em>. Spring Lake Publishing. Spring Lake, Utah, USA. 206 pp.</p>
<p>Hartmann, L.S. & Rodrigues, R.S. (2014) Morfologia de plântulas de <em>Martiodendron excelsum</em> e sua relevância sistemática em Dialiinae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). <em>Rodriguesia</em> 65: 577–586.</p>
<p> ttps://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201465302</p>
<p>Herendeen, P.S., Bruneau, A., Lewis, G.P. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships in caesalpinioid legumes: a preliminary analysis based on morphological and molecular data. <em>In</em> Klitgaard, B., Bruneau, A., eds<em>. Advances in legume systematics</em> 10: 37–62.</p>
<p>Hooker, W.J. & Arnott, G.A.W. (1832) <em>The Botany of Captain Beechey’s Voyage</em>. Bohn, London.</p>
<p>INPE (National Institute for Space Research, Brazil). (2020) Earth Observation General Coordination (OBT). Satellite Monitoring of the Brazilian Amazon and Other Biomes Alerts – Amazon Biome – Available from: http://terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br/downloads/ (accessed 30 October 2020)</p>
<p>Irwin, H.S. & Arroyo, M.T. (1974) Three new legume species from South America. <em>Brittonia</em> 26 (3): 264–266. https://doi.org/10.2307/2805729</p>
<p>Irwin, H.S. & Barneby, R.C. (1981) Cassieae. <em>In</em> Polhill, R.M., Raven, P.H., eds<em>. Advances in legume systematics </em>1: 97–106.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. (accessed 8 June 2021)</p>
<p>Legume Phylogeny Working Group (2017) A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny. <em>Taxon</em> 66: 44–77. https://doi.org/10.12705/661.3</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C.V. (1767) <em>Systema Naturae. </em>12 ed. Holmiae: Impensis Direct. Lautentii Salvii, Stockholm, 736 pp.</p>
<p>Liu, J.Q. (2016) The integrative species concept’and ‘species on the speciation way’. <em>Biodiversity Science</em> 24 (9): 1004<em>–</em>1008<em>. </em>https://doi.org/10.17520/biods.2016222</p>
<p>Maingay. (1873)<em> Koompassia malaccensis</em>. <em>Hooker’s Icones Plantarum</em> 12: 58–59.</p>
<p>Martius, C. Von. (1837) 178 <em>Apuleia praecox</em> Mart. Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis. <em>Flora </em>20 (Beibl.): 123.</p>
<p>Moldenke, H.N. (1937) <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 42: 69. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4870420111</p>
<p>Montibeller, B., Kmoch, A., Virro, H., Mander, U. & Uuemaa, E<em>. </em>(2020) Increasing fragmentation of forest cover in Brazil’s Legal Amazon from 2001 to 2017. <em>Scientific Reports</em> 10 (1): 5803. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62591-x</p>
<p>Mori, S.A., Silva, L.A.M., Lisboa, G. & Coradin, L. (1989) <em>Manual de Manejo de Herbário Fanerogâmico.</em> 2<sup>a </sup>ed. Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), Ilhéus. Brazil.</p>
<p>Polhill, R.M. & Vidal, J.E. (1981) Caesalpinieae. <em>In:</em> Polhill, R.M. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) <em>Advances in Legume Systematics</em> 1: 81–96.</p>
<p>Potapov, P., Hansen, M.C., Laestadius, L., Turubanova, S., Yaroshenk, A., Thies, C., Smith, W., Zhuravleva, I., Komarova, A., Minnemeyer, S. & Esipova, E. (2017) The last frontiers of wilderness: tracking loss of intact forest landscapes from 2000 to 2013.<em> Science Advances</em> 3 (1): e1600821. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600821</p>
<p>Presl, C.B. (1830) <em>Symbolae Botanicae, sive, Descriptiones et icones plantarum novarum aut minus cognitarum. </em>Prague, Czech Republic. V1: 15–16.</p>
<p>de Queiroz, L.P. (2009) <em>Legumes of the Caatinga</em>. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh., UK.</p>
<p>Reichenbach, H.G.L. (1828) <em>Conspectus Regni Vegetabilis</em> 212a.</p>
<p>REFLORA (2020) Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/ (accessed 24 November 2020)</p>
<p>Richard, A. (1846) <em>Histoire Physique, Politique et Naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba</em> ... Botanique. – Plantes Vasculaires<em>. </em>Paris. France.</p>
<p>Rojo, J.P. (1982) <em>Studies in the genus Dialium (Cassieae–Caesalpinioideae</em>). University of Oxford, Oxford. UK.</p>
<p>Sandwith, N.Y. (1939) <em>In</em>: Smith, A.C. Notes on a Collection of Plants from British Guiana. <em>Lloydia: A Quarterly Journal of Biological Science</em> 2: 184.</p>
<p>Santos, G.M., Aguiar, C.M.L. & Mello, M.A. (2010) Flower-visiting guild associated with the Caatinga flora: trophic interaction networks formed by social bees and social wasps with plants. <em>Apidologie</em> 41 (4): 466–475. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009081</p>
<p>Santos, M.G., Oliveira, M.T., Figueiredo, K.V., Falcao, H.M., Arruda, E.C., Almeida-Cortez, J., Sampaio, E.V.S.B., Ometto, J.P.H.B., Menezes, R.S.C., Oliveira, A.F.M., Pompelli, M.F. & Antonino, A.C. (2014) Caatinga, the Brazilian dry tropical forest: can it tolerate climate changes?. <em>Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology</em> 26 (1): 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-014-0008-0</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1827) <em>Systema Vegetabilium</em>, editio decima sexta, Appendix. 4 (2): 406.</p>
<p>Sobral-Souza, T. & Lima-Ribeiro, M.S. (2017) De volta ao passado: revisitando a história biogeográfica das florestas neotropicais úmidas. <em>Oecologia Australis</em> 21 (2): 93–107. https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2017.2102.01</p>
<p>Species Link. (2020) Sistema de Informação Distribuído para Coleções Biológicas. INCT-Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos. Brasil, Available from: http://inct.splink.org.br/ (accessed 24 November 2020)</p>
<p>Sprengel, C.P.J. (1825) <em>Systema Vegetabilium</em>, editio decima sexta 2: 343.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. (1937) <em>Flora de Costa Rica</em>, parte 1. Imprenta del Museo Nacional. Costa Rica.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946) Flora of Guatemala. V. <em>Fieldiana: Botany</em> 24 (5): 145.</p>
<p>Steudel, E.G. (1841) <em>Nomenclator Botanicus</em> ed. 2, 2: 366.</p>
<p>Stuessy, T.F. (2009) <em>Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of comparative data</em>. Columbia University Press. New York. USA.</p>
<p>Taubert, P.H.W. (1892) <em>In</em> Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) <em>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</em> 77 [III]: 176.</p>
<p>Tucker, S.C. (1993) Floral ontogeny in Sophoreae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae). I. <em>Myroxylon</em> (<em>Myroxylon</em> group) and <em>Castanospermum</em> (<em>Angylocalyx</em> group). <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 80: 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb13768.x</p>
<p>Tucker, S.C. (1998) Floral ontogeny in legume genera <em>Petalostylis</em>, <em>Labichea</em>, and <em>Dialium </em>(Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a series in floral reduction. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 85: 184–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/2446307</p>
<p>Tulasne, R.L. (1844) Légumineuses arborescentes de L’Amérique du Sud. <em>Archives du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle Paris</em> 4: 122.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code)</em>. Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017<em>. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</em></p>
<p>Van der Niet, T., Peakall, R., Johnson, S.D. (2014) Pollinator-driven ecological speciation in plants: new evidence and future perspectives. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 113 (2): 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct290</p>
<p>Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1848) <em>Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg</em> ser. 3. 17: 416.</p>
<p>Zhang, R., Wang, Y.H., Jin, J.J., Stull, G.W., Bruneau, A., Cardoso, D., De Queiroz, L.P., Moore, M.J., Zhang, S.-D., Chen, S.-Y., Wang, J., Li, D.-Z. & Yi, T.-S. (2020) Exploration of plastid phylogenomic conflict yields new insights into the deep relationships of Leguminosae. <em>Systematic biology</em> 69 (4): 613–622. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa013</p>
<p>Zimmerman, E., Prenner, G. & Bruneau, A. (2013) Floral ontogeny in Dialiinae (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a study in organ loss and instability. <em>South African Journal of Botany</em> 89: 188–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.020</p>
<p>Zimmerman, E., Herendeen, P.S., Lewis, G.P. & Bruneau, A. (2017) Floral evolution and phylogeny of the Dialioideae, a diverse subfamily of tropical legumes. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 104: 1019–1041. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600436</p>