Abstract
A new species, Polygala guilanica (Polygalaceae), is described from Kooh-Roubar, Gasht-Roodkhan protected area in W Guilan province, N Iran. The new species is distinguished based on its prostrate stem; small, lanceolate, ovate and rhombic, sessile leaves; tiny pink-white flowers in lax terminal racemes; 6 or 8 stamens with sessile anthers, a filiform style and brownish seed with 3-lobed caruncle. Detailed morphological description of the new species, photographs and distribution map are provided. Polygala guilanica is compared with the morphologically closest species: P. kurdica, P. hohenackeriana and P. anatolica. An updated identification key is provided for the Iranian species.
References
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Boissier, E. & Heldreich, T. (1853) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum ser. 2, 1. Apud B. Herrmann, Lipsiae, 57 pp.
Castro, S., Silva, S., Stanescu, I., Silveira, P., Navarro, L. & Santos, C. (2009) Pistil anatomy and pollen tube development in Polygala vayredae Costa (Polygalaceae). Plant Biology 11: 405–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00126.x
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Chrtek, J. & Krisa, B. (1977) Flora Iranica, Family Polygalaceae, No. 124. Graz: Akademische Druckund, pp. 1–11.
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Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (1988) Polygala L. In: Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 64–65.
Dönmez, A.A. & Uðurlu Aydin, Z. (2018) Polygala azizsancarii (Polygalaceae), a new species from Mardin Province, SE Turkey. Phytotaxa 340: 255–262. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.5
Dönmez, A.A., Uðurlu Aydin, Z. & Iþýk, S. (2015) Polygala turcica (Polygalaceae), a new species from E Turkey, and a new identification key to Turkish Polygala. Willdenowia 45 (3): 429–434. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45309
Eren, Ö., Parolly, G., Raus, T. & Kürschner, H. (2008) A new species of Polygala L. (Polygalaceae) from south-west Anatolia. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society 158: 82–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00842.x
Eriksen, B. (1993) Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and its taxonomic implications. Plant Systematics and Evolution 186: 33–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937712
Fischer, F.E.L., Meyer, C.A. & Trautvettler, E.R. (1838) Index quartum seminum, quae Hortus Botanicus Imperialis Petropolitanus promutua commutatione offert. Accedunt animadversiones botanicae nonnullae. St. Petersburg, 42 pp.
Gharaman, A. & Attar, F. (1993) Biodiversity of Iranian plant species. Tehran University press, Iran, 320 pp. [In Persian]
Houttuyn, M. (1779) Handleiding tot de plant - en kuridkunde. L. van Es, Amsterdam [Nederlands] 10: 89 pp. [In Dutch]
IUCN (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee, Cambridge U.K. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines (accessed 18 June 2021)
Jalilian, N. (2005) Flora of Iran, No. 49: Polygalaceae. Agriculture Institute of forests and rangelands press. [In Persian]
Jiang, H., Liu, T., Li, L., Zhao, Y., Pei, L. & Zhao, J. (2016) Predicting the potential distribution of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. under climate change in China. PLoS One 11 (9): e0163718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163718
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. L. Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], pp. 701–704.
Lyskov, D., Pastore, J.F. & Samigullin, T. (2019) One for all: molecular study of Polygala major complex (Polygalaceae) in Southwest Asia. Plant Systematics and Evolution 305 (10): 975–984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-019-01618-x
Massó, S., López-Pujol, J. & Vilatersana, R. (2018) Reinterpretation of an endangered taxon based on integrative taxonomy: The case of Cynara baetica (Compositae). PLoS ONE 13 (11): e0207094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207094
Paiva, J.A.R. & De Cuba, A.D.C. (1998) Polygalarum africanarum et madagascariensium prodromus atque gerontogaei generis’ Heterosamara’Kuntze, a genere’Polygala’L. segregati et a nobis denuo recepti, synopsis monographica. Cyanus 1: 346.
Paiva, J.A. & Dias, J.D.S. (1989) The pollen grain of Polygala fruticosa Berg. (Polygalaceae). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 47 (2): 377–385.
Pastore, J.F.B., Abbott, J.R., Neubig, K.M., Whitten, W.M., Mascarenhas, R.B., Mota, M.C.A. & Van den Berg, C. (2017) A molecular phylogeny and taxonomic notes in Caamembeca (Polygalaceae). Systematic botany 42: 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694935
Pastore, J.F.B., Abbott, J.R., Neubig, K.M., Van Den Berg, C., Mota, M.C.D.A., Cabral, A. & Whitten, W.M. (2019) Phylogeny and biogeography of Polygala (Polygalaceae). Taxon 68 (4): 673–691. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12119
Perrino, E.V., Silletti, G.N., Erben, M. & Wagensommer, R.P. (2018) Viola cassinensis subsp. lucana (Violaceae), a new subspecies from the Lucanian Apennine, southern Italy. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 58 (2): 109–115. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.phyton58(2)-2018-0109
Persson, C. (2001) Phylogenetic relationship in Polygalaceae based on plastid DNA sequences from the trnL-F region. Taxon 50: 763–779. https://doi.org/10.2307/1223706
Pe?men, H. (1980) Six new species from Anatolia. Notes Royal Botanical Garden of Edinburgh 38: 435–441.
Raabe, U., Tan, K., Iatroú, G., Vold, G. & Parolly, G. (2009) Polygala rausiana (Polygalaceae), a new species from the northern Peloponnese, Greece. Willdenowia 39: 69–75. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.39.39107
Rebelo, T.G., Freitag, S., Cheney, C. & McGeoch, M.A. (2011) Prioritising species of special concern for monitoring in Table Mountain National Park: The challenge of a species-rich, threatened ecosystem. Koedoe 53 (2): 1019. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.1019
Sarvi, A., Beygom Faghir, M. & Shahi Shavoon, R. (2020) Polygala mazandaranica (Polygalaceae), a new species from Mazandaran province, North Iran. Phytologia Balcanica 26 (3): 461–469.
Shishkin, B.K. (1964) Flora of the U.S.S.R. series initiated by Komarov 1: pp. 188–204.
Siebert, S.J., Retief, E., Van Wyk, A.E. & Struwig, M. (2010) A new species of Polygala (Polygalaceae) from ultramafic soils in Sekhukhuneland, South Africa, with notes on its ecology. South African Journal of Botany 76 (2): 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.01.003
Townsend, C.C. (1969) Contributions to the flora of Iraq. IX. a new species of Polygala from Kurdistan. Kew Royal Botanical Garden Kew Bull 23: pp. 531. https://doi.org/10.2307/4117208
Townsend, C.C. (1980) Polygala. In: Townsend, C.C. & Evan, G. (Eds.) Flora of Iraq, 4. Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, pp. 182–185.
Uðurlu Aydin, Z. (2020) Comparative capsule and seed morphology of Polygala L. (Polygalaceae) species in Turkey with implications for taxonomy. Plant Biosystems 154 (2): 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2019.1588177
Wagensommer, R.P., Bartolucci, F., Fiorentino, M., Licht, W., Peccenini, S., Perrino, E.V. & Venanzoni, R. (2017) First record for the flora of Italy and lectotypification of the name Linum elegans (Linaceae). Phytotaxa 296 (2): 161–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.2.5.
Wagensommer, R.P., Medagli, P., Turco, A. & Perrino, E.V. (2020) IUCN Red List evaluation of the Orchidaceae endemic to Apulia (Italy) and conservations on the application of the IUCN protocol to rare species. Nature Conservation Research 5 (suppl. 1): 90–101. https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.033
Wagensommer, R.P., Perrino, E.V. & Silletti, G.N. (2014) Carex phyllostachys C.A. Mey. (Cyperaceae) new for Italy and phytogeographical considerations. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 54 (2): 215–222. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.phyton54(2)2014-0215
Wahlert, G.A., Schatz, G.E. & Phillipson, P.B. (2017) Two new species of Polygala from Toliara province in southern Madagascar. Systematic Botany 42 (3): 522–528. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X696096
Willdenow, K.L. (Ed.) (1800) Species plantarum exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus... secundum systema sexuale digestas. ed. 4. Nauck. 3 (2). 879 pp.
Bartolucci, F., Peruzzi, L., Galasso, G., Albano, A., Alessandrini, A., Ardenghi, N.M.G., Astuti, G., Bacchetta, G., Ballelli, S., Banfi, E., Barberis, G., Bernardo, L., Bouvet, D., Bovio, M., Cecchi, L., Di Pietro, R., Domina, G., Fascetti, S., Fenu, G., Festi, F., Foggi, B., Gallo, L., Gottschlich, G., Gubellini, L., Iamonico, D., Iberite, M., Jiménez-Mejías, P., Lattanzi, E., Marchetti, D., Martinetto, E., Masin, R.R., Medagli, P., Passalacqua, N.G., Peccenini, S., Pennesi, R., Pierini, B., Poldini, L., Prosser, F., Raimondo, F.M., Roma-Marzio, F., Rosati, L., Santangelo, A., Scoppola, A., Scortegagna, S., Selvaggi, A., Selvi, F., Soldano, A., Stinca, A., Wagensommer, R.P., Wilhalm, T. & Conti, F. (2018) An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy. Plant Biosystems 152 (2): 179–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2017.1419996
Boissier, E. (1846) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium Novarum, ser. 1, 1 (7). B. Herrmann, Lipsiae, 130 pp.
Boissier, E. (1867) Flora Orientalis, sive Enumeratio plantarum in Oriente a Graecia et Aegypto and Indiae fines hucusque observatarum. Auctore Edmond Boissier, pp. 74–76. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.20323
Boissier, E. & Heldreich, T. (1853) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum ser. 2, 1. Apud B. Herrmann, Lipsiae, 57 pp.
Castro, S., Silva, S., Stanescu, I., Silveira, P., Navarro, L. & Santos, C. (2009) Pistil anatomy and pollen tube development in Polygala vayredae Costa (Polygalaceae). Plant Biology 11: 405–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00126.x
Chodat, R. (1891) Monographia Polygalacearum. Premiere partie. Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève 7: pp. 1–143.
Chodat, R. (1893) Monographia polygalacearum Vol. 31. Impr. Aubert-Schuchardt.
Chrtek, J. & Krisa, B. (1977) Flora Iranica, Family Polygalaceae, No. 124. Graz: Akademische Druckund, pp. 1–11.
Cullen, J. (1965) Polygala L. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 1. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 533–539.
Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (1988) Polygala L. In: Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 64–65.
Dönmez, A.A. & Uðurlu Aydin, Z. (2018) Polygala azizsancarii (Polygalaceae), a new species from Mardin Province, SE Turkey. Phytotaxa 340: 255–262. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.5
Dönmez, A.A., Uðurlu Aydin, Z. & Iþýk, S. (2015) Polygala turcica (Polygalaceae), a new species from E Turkey, and a new identification key to Turkish Polygala. Willdenowia 45 (3): 429–434. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45309
Eren, Ö., Parolly, G., Raus, T. & Kürschner, H. (2008) A new species of Polygala L. (Polygalaceae) from south-west Anatolia. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society 158: 82–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00842.x
Eriksen, B. (1993) Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and its taxonomic implications. Plant Systematics and Evolution 186: 33–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937712
Fischer, F.E.L., Meyer, C.A. & Trautvettler, E.R. (1838) Index quartum seminum, quae Hortus Botanicus Imperialis Petropolitanus promutua commutatione offert. Accedunt animadversiones botanicae nonnullae. St. Petersburg, 42 pp.
Gharaman, A. & Attar, F. (1993) Biodiversity of Iranian plant species. Tehran University press, Iran, 320 pp. [In Persian]
Houttuyn, M. (1779) Handleiding tot de plant - en kuridkunde. L. van Es, Amsterdam [Nederlands] 10: 89 pp. [In Dutch]
IUCN (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee, Cambridge U.K. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines (accessed 18 June 2021)
Jalilian, N. (2005) Flora of Iran, No. 49: Polygalaceae. Agriculture Institute of forests and rangelands press. [In Persian]
Jiang, H., Liu, T., Li, L., Zhao, Y., Pei, L. & Zhao, J. (2016) Predicting the potential distribution of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. under climate change in China. PLoS One 11 (9): e0163718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163718
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. L. Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], pp. 701–704.
Lyskov, D., Pastore, J.F. & Samigullin, T. (2019) One for all: molecular study of Polygala major complex (Polygalaceae) in Southwest Asia. Plant Systematics and Evolution 305 (10): 975–984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-019-01618-x
Massó, S., López-Pujol, J. & Vilatersana, R. (2018) Reinterpretation of an endangered taxon based on integrative taxonomy: The case of Cynara baetica (Compositae). PLoS ONE 13 (11): e0207094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207094
Paiva, J.A.R. & De Cuba, A.D.C. (1998) Polygalarum africanarum et madagascariensium prodromus atque gerontogaei generis’ Heterosamara’Kuntze, a genere’Polygala’L. segregati et a nobis denuo recepti, synopsis monographica. Cyanus 1: 346.
Paiva, J.A. & Dias, J.D.S. (1989) The pollen grain of Polygala fruticosa Berg. (Polygalaceae). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 47 (2): 377–385.
Pastore, J.F.B., Abbott, J.R., Neubig, K.M., Whitten, W.M., Mascarenhas, R.B., Mota, M.C.A. & Van den Berg, C. (2017) A molecular phylogeny and taxonomic notes in Caamembeca (Polygalaceae). Systematic botany 42: 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694935
Pastore, J.F.B., Abbott, J.R., Neubig, K.M., Van Den Berg, C., Mota, M.C.D.A., Cabral, A. & Whitten, W.M. (2019) Phylogeny and biogeography of Polygala (Polygalaceae). Taxon 68 (4): 673–691. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12119
Perrino, E.V., Silletti, G.N., Erben, M. & Wagensommer, R.P. (2018) Viola cassinensis subsp. lucana (Violaceae), a new subspecies from the Lucanian Apennine, southern Italy. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 58 (2): 109–115. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.phyton58(2)-2018-0109
Persson, C. (2001) Phylogenetic relationship in Polygalaceae based on plastid DNA sequences from the trnL-F region. Taxon 50: 763–779. https://doi.org/10.2307/1223706
Pe?men, H. (1980) Six new species from Anatolia. Notes Royal Botanical Garden of Edinburgh 38: 435–441.
Raabe, U., Tan, K., Iatroú, G., Vold, G. & Parolly, G. (2009) Polygala rausiana (Polygalaceae), a new species from the northern Peloponnese, Greece. Willdenowia 39: 69–75. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.39.39107
Rebelo, T.G., Freitag, S., Cheney, C. & McGeoch, M.A. (2011) Prioritising species of special concern for monitoring in Table Mountain National Park: The challenge of a species-rich, threatened ecosystem. Koedoe 53 (2): 1019. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.1019
Sarvi, A., Beygom Faghir, M. & Shahi Shavoon, R. (2020) Polygala mazandaranica (Polygalaceae), a new species from Mazandaran province, North Iran. Phytologia Balcanica 26 (3): 461–469.
Shishkin, B.K. (1964) Flora of the U.S.S.R. series initiated by Komarov 1: pp. 188–204.
Siebert, S.J., Retief, E., Van Wyk, A.E. & Struwig, M. (2010) A new species of Polygala (Polygalaceae) from ultramafic soils in Sekhukhuneland, South Africa, with notes on its ecology. South African Journal of Botany 76 (2): 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.01.003
Townsend, C.C. (1969) Contributions to the flora of Iraq. IX. a new species of Polygala from Kurdistan. Kew Royal Botanical Garden Kew Bull 23: pp. 531. https://doi.org/10.2307/4117208
Townsend, C.C. (1980) Polygala. In: Townsend, C.C. & Evan, G. (Eds.) Flora of Iraq, 4. Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, pp. 182–185.
Uðurlu Aydin, Z. (2020) Comparative capsule and seed morphology of Polygala L. (Polygalaceae) species in Turkey with implications for taxonomy. Plant Biosystems 154 (2): 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2019.1588177
Wagensommer, R.P., Bartolucci, F., Fiorentino, M., Licht, W., Peccenini, S., Perrino, E.V. & Venanzoni, R. (2017) First record for the flora of Italy and lectotypification of the name Linum elegans (Linaceae). Phytotaxa 296 (2): 161–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.2.5.
Wagensommer, R.P., Medagli, P., Turco, A. & Perrino, E.V. (2020) IUCN Red List evaluation of the Orchidaceae endemic to Apulia (Italy) and conservations on the application of the IUCN protocol to rare species. Nature Conservation Research 5 (suppl. 1): 90–101. https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.033
Wagensommer, R.P., Perrino, E.V. & Silletti, G.N. (2014) Carex phyllostachys C.A. Mey. (Cyperaceae) new for Italy and phytogeographical considerations. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 54 (2): 215–222. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.phyton54(2)2014-0215
Wahlert, G.A., Schatz, G.E. & Phillipson, P.B. (2017) Two new species of Polygala from Toliara province in southern Madagascar. Systematic Botany 42 (3): 522–528. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X696096
Willdenow, K.L. (Ed.) (1800) Species plantarum exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus... secundum systema sexuale digestas. ed. 4. Nauck. 3 (2). 879 pp.