Abstract
Based on marine benthic diatoms collected at Potter Cove (Western Antarctic Peninsula), we present a detailed study, using both light and electron microscopy, of the morphology of Campyloneis frenguelliae, a species recently transferred from Cocconeis. Ultrastructural observations revealed a combination of new and unusual features within the Achnanthales: a raphe valve with different areolation patterns, a hollow valvocopula with no apparent fimbriae, and a sternum valve externally ornamented by an embossed structure, areolae occluded by hymenes mostly supported by one short peg, and multiple marginal pores that open internally into shallow valve depressions. In view of these unique set of features, we describe Australoneis gen. nov. to include Australoneis frenguelliae comb. nov. and designate a sample from Potter Cove as epitype of the latter. The main characteristics of the new genus are compared to those of its closely allied Cocconeis, Campyloneis, Xenococconeis and Amphicocconeis.
References
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<p>Buczkó, K., Wojtal, A.Z. & Magyari, E.K. (2013) Lectotypification, emended description and distribution of <em>Planothidium distinctum</em> (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 117: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.117.1.1</p>
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<p>Campana, G.L., Zacher, K., Momo, F.R., Deregibus, D., Debandi, J.I., Ferreyra, G.A., Ferrario, M.E., Wiencke, C. & Quartino, M.L. (2020) Successional processes of Antarctic benthic primary producers. <em>In</em>: Gómez, I. & Huovinen, P. (Eds.) <em>Antarctic Seaweeds: Diversity, Adaptation and Ecosystem Services</em>, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 241–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39448-6_12</p>
<p>Cleve, P.T. (1895) Synopsis of the naviculoid diatoms. <em>Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsak Akademiens Handlingar</em> 27: 1–219.</p>
<p>Compère, P. & Van de Vijver, B. (2009) <em>Planothidium engelbrechtii</em> (Cholnoky) Round & Bukhtiyarova: Identity and lectotypification (Bacillariophyta). <em>Fottea</em> 9: 187–192. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2009.019</p>
<p>Debandi, J.I. (2019) <em>Efectos del calentamiento climático y el pastoreo sobre una comunidad de algas marinas bentónicas antárticas, en etapas tempranas de la sucesión.</em> Tesis de Licenciatura en Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.</p>
<p>De Stefano, M. & De Stefano, L. (2005) A nanostructures in diatom frustules: Functional morphology of valvocopulae in Cocconeidacean monoraphid taxa. <em>Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology</em> 5: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2005.001</p>
<p>De Stefano, M. & Marino, D. (2003) Morphology and taxonomy of <em>Amphicocconeis </em>gen. nov. (Achnanthales, Bacillariophyceae, Bacillariophyta) with considerations on its relationship to other monoraphid diatom genera. <em>European Journal of Phycology </em>38: 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670260310001612646</p>
<p>De Stefano, M., Marino, D. & Mazzella, L. (2000) Marine taxa of <em>Cocconeis</em> on leaves of <em>Posidonia oceanica</em>, including a new species and two new varieties. <em>European Journal of Phycology</em> 35: 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670260010001735831</p>
<p>De Stefano, M., Kooistra, W.H.C.F. & Marino, D. (2003) Morphology of the diatom genus <em>Campyloneis</em> (Bacillariophyceae, Bacillariophyta), with a description of <em>Campyloneis juliae</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> and an evaluation of the function of the valvocopulae. <em>Journal of Phycology</em> 39: 735–753. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.02088.x</p>
<p>De Stefano, M., Romero, O.E. & Totti, C. (2008) A comparative study of <em>Cocconeis scutellum</em> Ehrenberg and its varieties (Bacillariophyta). <em>Botanica Marina</em> 51: 506–536. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2008.058</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G. (1837) Zusätze zur Erkenntniss grosser organischer Ausbildung in den kleinsten theirischen Organismen. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin</em> 1835: 151–180.</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G. (1838) <em>[Die Infusionsthierchen als vollkommene Organismen.] Atlas</em>. Leipzig: Verlag von Leopold Voss, pp. I–XVII, 1–548, pls. 1–64.</p>
<p>Fernandes, L.F., Calixto, M., Lange, P. & Tenenbaum, D.R. (2013) Benthic diatoms in the plankton of Admiralty Bay (Western Antarctic Peninsula): Taxonomy and potential implications to the pelagic community. <em>In</em>: Valentin, Y.Y., Dalto, A.G. & Lavrado, H.P. (Eds.) <em>Annual Activity Report of National Institute of Science and Technology Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT-APA) – </em>2012. Editora Cubo, São Carlos, Brazil, pp. 102–108. https://doi.org/10.4322/apa.2014.104</p>
<p>Frenguelli, J. & Orlando, H.A. (1958) Diatomeas y Silicoflagelados del Sector Antártico Sudamericano. <em>Publicaciones del Instituto Antártico Argentino </em>5: 1–191.</p>
<p>Grunow, A. (1862) Die österreichischen Diatomaceen nebst Anschluss einiger neuen Arten von anderen Lokalitäten und einer kritischen Uebersicht der bisher bekannten Gattungen und Arten. <em>Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien</em> 12: 315–472. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64361</p>
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