Abstract
In the present research, anatomical, palynological and micromorphological characteristics of three endemic Bellevalia species (B. gracilis, B. malatyaensis and B. vuralii) for Turkey are carried out. This work reveals the descriptive characteristics of the examined species, and contribute to solving taxonomic problems. Anatomical studies were carried out on cross sections of root, scape and leaf. The metaxylem, the number of root cortex cells, and the number of cortex and sclerenchyma cells in the scape were found to be significant in terms of taxonomy. Pollen grains of all the examined species were monosulcate and heteropolar. In addition, seed and pollen surface ornamentation were photographed under SEM microscopy, which SEM micrographs showed that the exine sculpturing pattern is reticulate-perforate, and pollen muri walls of were different among the examined species. Conversely, seeds showed a general similarity of the surface among the studied species, all showing a reticulate faveolate ornamentation.
References
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Azizi, N., Amirouche, R. & Amirouche, N. (2016) Carpological investigations and new chromosome number reports in Bellevalia Lapeyrouse, 1808 and Muscari Miller, 1758 (Asparagaceae) from Algeria. Comparative Cytogenetics 10 (1): 171–187. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v10i1.6445
Boissier, P.E. (1854) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum, 1. Lipsiae [Leipzig], 13: 36 pp.
Boissier, P.E. (1859) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum, 2. Lipsiae [Leipzig], 4: 110 pp.
Boissier, P.E. (1882) Flora Orientalis, 5. H. Georg, Geneve & Basel, 868 pp.
Borzatti Von Loewenstern, A., Giordani, T., Astuti, G, Andreucci, A. & Peruzzi, L. (2013) Phylogenetic relationships of Italian Bellevalia species (Asparagaceae), inferred from morphology, karyology and molecular systematics. Plant Biosystems 147: 776–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2013.829884
Cutter, E.G. (1971) Plant anatomy: Experiment and interpretation, part 2, Organs. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, London, 343 pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/4114369
Do?u, S., Dinç, M. & Ünal, A. (2011) Anatomical characteristics of Bellevalia mathewii Özhatay & Koçak (Liliaceae). Biological Diversity and Conservation 4: 8–14.
Feinbrun, N. (1940) A monographic study on the genus Bellevalia Lapeyr. Palestine Journal of Botany 1 (4): 336–409.
Fidan, M. (2019) Bellevalia sasonii (Asparagaceae): a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 394 (2): 126–132. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.2.1
Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Ba?er, K.H.C. (2000) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Second Supplement). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Vol. 11, 323 pp.
Gürdal, B., Özhatay, N., Koçyi?it, M. & Kaya, E. (2014) Two new for Turkish Geophyte flora in the genus Bellevalia. In: Kaya, E. (Ed.) Türkiye Geofitleri. Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Ara?t?rma Enstitüsü Yay?n?, Yalova, pp. 525–531.
Jafari, A., Forghanifard, M.M. Farsi, M. & Behroozian, M. (2016) Comparative Morphological and Anatomical Study on Bellevalia Lapeyr. Sect. Conica and Nutans in Iran. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences 5: 11–206.
Johansen, D.A. (1940) Plant microtechnique. Editorial McGraw Hill, London, 523 pp.
Johnson, M.A.T. (2003) Polyploidy and karyotype variation in Turkish Bellevalia (Hyacinthaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 143: 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00209.x
Kahraman, A., Celep, F., Do?an, M. & Koyuncu, M. (2010) Morpho-anatomical studies on Bellevalia paradoxa Boiss. belonging to Liliaceae. Australian Journal of Crop Science 4:150–154.
Kandemir, N., Akcin, O.E. & Cansaran, A. (2000) A morphological and anatomical investigation on some geophytes distributed in the vicinity of Amasya. The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany 7: 47–127.
Karabacak, O., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Martin, E. (2014) Bellevalia pseudolongipes sp. nov. (Asparagaceae): a new species from southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 188 (4): 209–217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.3
Karabacak, O., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Martin, E. (2015) Bellevalia koyuncui sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from South Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 203 (1): 4–81. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.9
Kunth, K.S. (1843) Enumeratio Plantarum Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum, Secundum Familias Naturales Disposita, Adjectis Characteribus, Differntiis et Synonymis (Vol. 4). Stutgardiae et Tubingae [Stuttgart and Tübingen], 309 pp.
Lapeyrouse, P.P. (1808) Bellevalia Lapeyr. Nouveau genre de plante de la famille des Liliacées. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Historie Naturelle et des Arts 67: 425–427.
Lynch, A.H., Rudall, P.J. & Cutler, D.F. (2006) Leaf anatomy and systematics of Hyacinthaceae. Kew Bulletin 61: 145–159.
Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, Ed. 4. London, 926 pp.
Mourad, M.M., Hamed, K.A. & Rabie, S.S. (2010) Implication of the numerical analysis of seed characters on the taxonomic treatment of some taxa of Liliaceae. Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Botany) 6: 147–159.
Özhatay, N. (2000) Bellevalia Lapeyr. In: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Ba?er, K.H.C. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 240–241.
P?nar, S.M. & Ero?lu, H. (2018) Bellevalia turcica sp. nov . (Asparagaceae): a new species from South Anatolia, Turkey. Biologia 74: 447–454. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-018-00180-0
P?nar, S.M., Ero?lu, H. & Fidan, M. (2016) Bellevalia behcetii sp. nov. (Asparagaceae): a new species from South Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 270 (2): 36–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.2.5
Prychid, C.J. & Rudall, P.J. (1999) Calcium oxalate crystals in monocotyledons: a review of their structure and systematics. Annals of Botany 84: 39–725. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.0975
Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Le Thomas, A. (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 143: 1–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008
Sweet, R. (1826) Sweet’s Hortus Britannicus; or, a Catalogue of Plants Cultivated in the Gardens of Great Britain Arranged in Natural Orders, by Robert Sweet. London, 105 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.43792
?ahin, B., Aslan, S., Karabacak, O. & Martin, E. (2016) Bellevalia vuralii B. ?ahin & Aslan (Asparagaceae): a new species from SE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 40: 394–401. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1505-6
Tugay, O. (2012) Bellevalia Lapeyr. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?, ?stanbul, pp. 95–97.
Uzunhisarc?kl?, M.E., Duman, H. & Y?lmaz, S. (2013) A new species of Bellevalia (Hyacinthaceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 37: 651–655. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1209-29
Wendelbo, P. (1984) Bellevalia Lapeyr. In: Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 8. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 74–264.
Wodehouse, R.P. (1935) Pollen grains. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, New York & London, 133 pp.
Y?ld?r?m, H., Alt?o?lu, Y., ?ahin, B. & Aslan, S. (2014) Bellevalia chrisii sp. nov. (Asparagaceae) from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 33: 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00469
Y?ld?r?m, H., Sefal?, A. (2020) Bellevalia bayburtensis (Asparagaceae): a new species from northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 285–293. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.5
Azizi, N., Amirouche, R. & Amirouche, N. (2016) Carpological investigations and new chromosome number reports in Bellevalia Lapeyrouse, 1808 and Muscari Miller, 1758 (Asparagaceae) from Algeria. Comparative Cytogenetics 10 (1): 171–187. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v10i1.6445
Boissier, P.E. (1854) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum, 1. Lipsiae [Leipzig], 13: 36 pp.
Boissier, P.E. (1859) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum, 2. Lipsiae [Leipzig], 4: 110 pp.
Boissier, P.E. (1882) Flora Orientalis, 5. H. Georg, Geneve & Basel, 868 pp.
Borzatti Von Loewenstern, A., Giordani, T., Astuti, G, Andreucci, A. & Peruzzi, L. (2013) Phylogenetic relationships of Italian Bellevalia species (Asparagaceae), inferred from morphology, karyology and molecular systematics. Plant Biosystems 147: 776–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2013.829884
Cutter, E.G. (1971) Plant anatomy: Experiment and interpretation, part 2, Organs. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, London, 343 pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/4114369
Do?u, S., Dinç, M. & Ünal, A. (2011) Anatomical characteristics of Bellevalia mathewii Özhatay & Koçak (Liliaceae). Biological Diversity and Conservation 4: 8–14.
Feinbrun, N. (1940) A monographic study on the genus Bellevalia Lapeyr. Palestine Journal of Botany 1 (4): 336–409.
Fidan, M. (2019) Bellevalia sasonii (Asparagaceae): a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 394 (2): 126–132. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.2.1
Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Ba?er, K.H.C. (2000) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Second Supplement). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Vol. 11, 323 pp.
Gürdal, B., Özhatay, N., Koçyi?it, M. & Kaya, E. (2014) Two new for Turkish Geophyte flora in the genus Bellevalia. In: Kaya, E. (Ed.) Türkiye Geofitleri. Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Ara?t?rma Enstitüsü Yay?n?, Yalova, pp. 525–531.
Jafari, A., Forghanifard, M.M. Farsi, M. & Behroozian, M. (2016) Comparative Morphological and Anatomical Study on Bellevalia Lapeyr. Sect. Conica and Nutans in Iran. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences 5: 11–206.
Johansen, D.A. (1940) Plant microtechnique. Editorial McGraw Hill, London, 523 pp.
Johnson, M.A.T. (2003) Polyploidy and karyotype variation in Turkish Bellevalia (Hyacinthaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 143: 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00209.x
Kahraman, A., Celep, F., Do?an, M. & Koyuncu, M. (2010) Morpho-anatomical studies on Bellevalia paradoxa Boiss. belonging to Liliaceae. Australian Journal of Crop Science 4:150–154.
Kandemir, N., Akcin, O.E. & Cansaran, A. (2000) A morphological and anatomical investigation on some geophytes distributed in the vicinity of Amasya. The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany 7: 47–127.
Karabacak, O., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Martin, E. (2014) Bellevalia pseudolongipes sp. nov. (Asparagaceae): a new species from southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 188 (4): 209–217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.3
Karabacak, O., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Martin, E. (2015) Bellevalia koyuncui sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from South Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 203 (1): 4–81. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.9
Kunth, K.S. (1843) Enumeratio Plantarum Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum, Secundum Familias Naturales Disposita, Adjectis Characteribus, Differntiis et Synonymis (Vol. 4). Stutgardiae et Tubingae [Stuttgart and Tübingen], 309 pp.
Lapeyrouse, P.P. (1808) Bellevalia Lapeyr. Nouveau genre de plante de la famille des Liliacées. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Historie Naturelle et des Arts 67: 425–427.
Lynch, A.H., Rudall, P.J. & Cutler, D.F. (2006) Leaf anatomy and systematics of Hyacinthaceae. Kew Bulletin 61: 145–159.
Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, Ed. 4. London, 926 pp.
Mourad, M.M., Hamed, K.A. & Rabie, S.S. (2010) Implication of the numerical analysis of seed characters on the taxonomic treatment of some taxa of Liliaceae. Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Botany) 6: 147–159.
Özhatay, N. (2000) Bellevalia Lapeyr. In: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Ba?er, K.H.C. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 240–241.
P?nar, S.M. & Ero?lu, H. (2018) Bellevalia turcica sp. nov . (Asparagaceae): a new species from South Anatolia, Turkey. Biologia 74: 447–454. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-018-00180-0
P?nar, S.M., Ero?lu, H. & Fidan, M. (2016) Bellevalia behcetii sp. nov. (Asparagaceae): a new species from South Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 270 (2): 36–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.2.5
Prychid, C.J. & Rudall, P.J. (1999) Calcium oxalate crystals in monocotyledons: a review of their structure and systematics. Annals of Botany 84: 39–725. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.0975
Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Le Thomas, A. (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 143: 1–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008
Sweet, R. (1826) Sweet’s Hortus Britannicus; or, a Catalogue of Plants Cultivated in the Gardens of Great Britain Arranged in Natural Orders, by Robert Sweet. London, 105 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.43792
?ahin, B., Aslan, S., Karabacak, O. & Martin, E. (2016) Bellevalia vuralii B. ?ahin & Aslan (Asparagaceae): a new species from SE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 40: 394–401. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1505-6
Tugay, O. (2012) Bellevalia Lapeyr. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?, ?stanbul, pp. 95–97.
Uzunhisarc?kl?, M.E., Duman, H. & Y?lmaz, S. (2013) A new species of Bellevalia (Hyacinthaceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 37: 651–655. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1209-29
Wendelbo, P. (1984) Bellevalia Lapeyr. In: Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 8. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 74–264.
Wodehouse, R.P. (1935) Pollen grains. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, New York & London, 133 pp.
Y?ld?r?m, H., Alt?o?lu, Y., ?ahin, B. & Aslan, S. (2014) Bellevalia chrisii sp. nov. (Asparagaceae) from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 33: 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00469
Y?ld?r?m, H., Sefal?, A. (2020) Bellevalia bayburtensis (Asparagaceae): a new species from northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 285–293. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.5