Abstract
A new endophytic fungus, described herein as Cunninghamella saisamornae, was isolated from soil collected from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. This species was distinguished from the previously described Cunninghamella species by the presence of a chlamydospore formation, the lack of a zygospore stage and a maximum growth temperature of 45°C. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), along with the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1) genes, support the finding that C. saisamornae is distinct from other species within the genus Cunninghamella. A full description, color photographs, illustrations and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of C. saisamornae are provided.
References
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White, T.J., Burns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & Whitish, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols, a Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Yu, J., Walther, G., Van Diepeningen, A.D., Gerrits Van Den Ende, A.H.G., Li, R.Y., Moussa, T.A.A., Almaghrabi, O.A. & De Hoog, G.S. (2015) DNA barcoding of clinically relevant Cunninghamella species. Medical mycology 53: 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myu079
Zhang, Z.Y., Zhao, Y.X., Shen, X., Chen, W.H., Han, Y.F., Huang, J.Z. & Liang, Z.Q. (2020) Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Cunninghamella guizhouensis sp. nov. (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucorales), from soil in Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 455: 31–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.455.1.4
Zheng, R.Y. & Chen, G.Q. (2001) A monograph of Cunninghamella. Mycotaxon 80: 1–75.
Alfaro, M.E., Zoller, S. & Lutzoni, F. (2003) Bayes or bootstrap? A simulation study comparing the performance of Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling and bootstrapping in assessing phylogenetic confidence. Molecular Biology and Evolution 20: 255–266. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msg028
Alves, A.L., de Souza, C.A., de Oliveira, R.J., Cordeiro, T.R. & de Santiago, A.L. (2017) Cunninghamella clavata from Brazil: a new record for the western hemisphere. Mycotaxon 132: 381–389.
Baijai, U. & Mehrotra, B.S. (1980) The genus Cunninghamella – a reassessment. Sydowia 33: 1–13.
Bragulat, M.R., Castella, G., Isidoro-Ayza, M., Domingo, M. & Cabanes, F.J. (2017) Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a Cunninghamella bertholletiae isolate from a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Revista Iberoamericana de Micología 34: 215–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2017.03.002
Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence intervals on phylogenetics: an approach using bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x
Guo, J., Wang, H., Liu, D., Zhang, J.N., Zhao, Y.H., Liu, T.X. & Xin, Z.H. (2015) Isolation of Cunninghamella bigelovii sp. nov. CGMCC 8094 as a new endophytic oleaginous fungus from Salicornia bigelovii. Mycological Progress 14: 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1029-z
Hillis, D.M. & Bull, J.J. (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology 42: 182–192.
Hyde, K.D., Hongsanan, S., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J., McKenzie, E.H.C., Jones, E.B.G., Phookamsak, R., Ariyawansa, H.A., Boonmee, S., Zhao, Q., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Abdel-Wahab, M., Banmai, S., Chomnunti, P., Cui, B.K., Daranagama, D.A., Das, K., Dayarathne, M.C., De Silva, N.I., Dissanayake, A.J., Doilom, M., Ekanayaka, A.H., Gibertoni, T.B., Góes-Neto, A., Huang, S.K., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Konta, S., Lee, H.B., Li, W.J., Lin, C.G., Liu, J.K., Lu, Y.Z., Luo, Z.L., Manawasinghe, I.S., Manimohan, P., Mapook, A., Niskanen, T., Norphanphoun, C., Papizadeh, M., Perera, R.H., Phukhamsakda, C., Richter, C., De Santiago, A.L.C.M., Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Senanayake, I.C. & Tanaka, K. (2016) Fungal diversity notes 367-490: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 80: 1–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0373-x
Liu, X.Y., Huang, H. & Zheng, R.Y. (2001) Relationships within Cunninghamella based on sequence analysis of its rDNA. Mycotaxon 80: 77–95.
Liu, C.W., Liou, G.Y. & Chien, C.Y. (2005) New records of the genus Cunninghamella (Mucorales) in Taiwan. Fungal Science 20: 1–9.
Matruchot, L. (1903) Une Mucorinéepurementconidienne, Cunninghamella Africana. Annales Mycologici 1: 45–60.
Nilsson, R.H., Kristiansson, E., Ryberg, M., Hallenberg, N. & Larsson, K. (2008) Intraspecific ITS variability in the kingdom Fungi as expressed in the international sequence databases and its implications for molecular species identification. Evolutionary Bioinformatics 4: 193–201. https://doi.org/10.4137/ebo.s653
Nguyen, T.T.T., Choi, Y.J. & Lee, H.B. (2017) Zygomycete fungi in Korea: Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Cunninghamella echinulata, and Cunninghamella elegans. Mycobiology 45: 318–326. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2017.45.4.318
O’Donnell, K., Lutzoni, F.M., Ward, T.J. & Benny, G.L. (2001) Evolutionary relationships among mucoralean fungi Zygomycota: Evidence for family polyphyly on a large scale. Mycologia 93: 286–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2001.12063160
Reed, M.D.A., Body, P.B., Austin, M.D.M.B. & Jr Frierson, M.D.H. (1988) Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a fatal complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Human Pathology 19: 1470–1472.
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Petersen, D., Filipsky, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGE 6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolutionary 30: 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990
Walther, G., Paw?owska, J., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Wrzosek, M., Rodriguez-Tudela, J.L., Dolatabadi, S., Chakrabarti, A. & de Hoog, GS. (2013) DNA barcoding in Mucorales: an inventory of biodiversity. Persoonia 30: 11–47. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158513X665070.
White, T.J., Burns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & Whitish, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols, a Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Yu, J., Walther, G., Van Diepeningen, A.D., Gerrits Van Den Ende, A.H.G., Li, R.Y., Moussa, T.A.A., Almaghrabi, O.A. & De Hoog, G.S. (2015) DNA barcoding of clinically relevant Cunninghamella species. Medical mycology 53: 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myu079
Zhang, Z.Y., Zhao, Y.X., Shen, X., Chen, W.H., Han, Y.F., Huang, J.Z. & Liang, Z.Q. (2020) Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Cunninghamella guizhouensis sp. nov. (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucorales), from soil in Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 455: 31–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.455.1.4
Zheng, R.Y. & Chen, G.Q. (2001) A monograph of Cunninghamella. Mycotaxon 80: 1–75.