Abstract
This study describes a new orchid species, Cymbidium motuoense, from Xizang, China based on morphological and molecular analyses. Several unique morphological features distinguish this new orchid from all other species of Cymbidium. Based on its morphology, this orchid is similar to C. tracyanum but differs in its yellow-green flower with dark purple-red spots on the veins, oblong-elliptic sepals, side lobes of the lip with reddish brown hairs along the veins and disc with three purple-red lamellae. Phylogenetic analyses based on plastid DNA (matK and rbcL) supported C. motuoense as a new species. However, the low support in nuclear ribosomal ITS tree provide the possibility that the new orchid may be a natural hybrid of C. tracyanum and C. iridioides or another closely related species.
References
Castle, L. (1890) Cymbidium tracyanum L.Castle. The Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener, and Home Farmer 21: 513.
Chen, G.Z., Huang, J., Zhang, G.Q., Ma, L. & Chen, S.P. (2017) New subtribe Pachitinae (Orchideae) of Orchidaceae: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 329: 114–126. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.2.2
Chen, S.C., Liu, Z.J., Zhu, G.H., Lang, K.Y., Ji, Z.H., Luo, Y.B., Jin, X.H., Cribb, P.J., Wood, J.J., Gale, S.W., Ormerod, P., Vermeulen, J.J., Wood, H.P., Clayton, D. & Bell, A. (2009) Orchidaceae. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (Eds.), Flora of China, vol. 25. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 211–235.
Du Puy, D.J. & Cribb, P.J. (2007) The genus Cymbidium. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, 359 pp.
Don, D. (1824) Prodromus Florae Nepalensis. Gale, London, 36 pp.
Hunt, P.F. (1970) Notes on Asiatic orchids 5. Kew Bulletin 24: 93–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/4103252
Jiang, Y.T., Ma, L., Lin, R.Q., Xiong, Y.F., Jiang, S.Z., Liu, B., Liu, Z.J. & Chen, S.P. (2020) Cymbidium codonanthum (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Cymbidiinae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 453: 275–283. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.3.9
Feng, G.M. & Li, H. (1980) A new species of Orchidaceae from Cymbidium. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 2: 334–336.
Huang, M., Liu, Z., Yang, G. & Yin, J. (2017) An unusual new epiphytic species of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae: Epidedroideae) from Hainan, China. Phytotaxa 314: 289–293. https://doi.org/10.2307/4103252
Liao, X.Y., Liu, X.D., Jiang, Y.T., Zhang, D.Y., Lan, S.R. & Liu, Z.J. (2019a) Cymbidium atrolabium (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 423: 87–92. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.3.4
Liao, X.Y., Zhang, D.Y., Lan, S.R. & Liu, Z.J. (2019b) Paphiopedilum erythroanthum, a new species of slipper orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae) from China based on morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 406: 271–278. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.406.5.2
Liu, Z.J., Chen, S.C. & Ru, Z.Z. (2006) The genus Cymbidium in China. Science Press, Beijing, 237 pp.
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 14 Nov. 2010. New Orleans, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Peng, Y.L., Zhou, Z., Lan, S.R. & Liu, Z.J. (2019) Cymbidium jiangchengense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Cymbidiinae), a new species from China: evidence from morphology and DNA sequences. Phytotaxa 408: 77–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.408.1.6
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Schlechter, R. (1924) Die Gattungen Cymbidium Sw. und Cyperochis Bl. Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis 20: 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19240200605
Seth, C.J. & Cribb, P.J. (1984) A reassessment of the sectional limits in the genus Cymbidium Swartz. In: Arditti, J. (Ed.) Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives III. Comstock, Ithaca, pp. 283–332.
Sharma, S.K., Suman, K., Pramod, T. & Rama, S.R. (2012) Comparative karyomorphological study of some Indian Cymbidium Swartz, 1799 (Cymbidieae, Orchidaceae). Comparative Cytogenetics 6: 453–465. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.3461
Swartz, O. (1799) Dionome Epidendri generis Linn. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 6: 61–88. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/261100#page/86/mode/1up]
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), v. 4.0 beta 10. Sinauer, Sunderland.
Xu, X., Ding, C.C., Hu, W., Yu, X., Zheng, Y, Liao, X., Liu, X., Liu, Z.J & Lan, S. (2021). Cymbidium xichouense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa, 484: 291–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.484.3.4
Yu, X., Zeng, M.Y., Chen, G.Z., Xu, X.Y., Bi, Y.Y., Chen, J.T., Wang, Q.Q., Hu, W.Q., Zhang, D.Y. & Liu, Z.J. (2021) Cymbidium weishanense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 500: 45–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.1.6
Zhang, D.Y., Tu, X.D., Liu, B., Liao, X.Y., Lan, S.R. & Liu, Z.J. (2020) Cymbidium biflorens (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 428: 271–278. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3
Zhou, Z., Zhang, D., Chen, G.Z., Yu, X., Li, C.R., Lan, S.R. & Liu, Z.J. (2020) Cymbidium brevifolium (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 464: 236–242. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.464.3.5
Chen, G.Z., Huang, J., Zhang, G.Q., Ma, L. & Chen, S.P. (2017) New subtribe Pachitinae (Orchideae) of Orchidaceae: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 329: 114–126. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.2.2
Chen, S.C., Liu, Z.J., Zhu, G.H., Lang, K.Y., Ji, Z.H., Luo, Y.B., Jin, X.H., Cribb, P.J., Wood, J.J., Gale, S.W., Ormerod, P., Vermeulen, J.J., Wood, H.P., Clayton, D. & Bell, A. (2009) Orchidaceae. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (Eds.), Flora of China, vol. 25. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 211–235.
Du Puy, D.J. & Cribb, P.J. (2007) The genus Cymbidium. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, 359 pp.
Don, D. (1824) Prodromus Florae Nepalensis. Gale, London, 36 pp.
Hunt, P.F. (1970) Notes on Asiatic orchids 5. Kew Bulletin 24: 93–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/4103252
Jiang, Y.T., Ma, L., Lin, R.Q., Xiong, Y.F., Jiang, S.Z., Liu, B., Liu, Z.J. & Chen, S.P. (2020) Cymbidium codonanthum (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Cymbidiinae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 453: 275–283. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.3.9
Feng, G.M. & Li, H. (1980) A new species of Orchidaceae from Cymbidium. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 2: 334–336.
Huang, M., Liu, Z., Yang, G. & Yin, J. (2017) An unusual new epiphytic species of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae: Epidedroideae) from Hainan, China. Phytotaxa 314: 289–293. https://doi.org/10.2307/4103252
Liao, X.Y., Liu, X.D., Jiang, Y.T., Zhang, D.Y., Lan, S.R. & Liu, Z.J. (2019a) Cymbidium atrolabium (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 423: 87–92. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.3.4
Liao, X.Y., Zhang, D.Y., Lan, S.R. & Liu, Z.J. (2019b) Paphiopedilum erythroanthum, a new species of slipper orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae) from China based on morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 406: 271–278. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.406.5.2
Liu, Z.J., Chen, S.C. & Ru, Z.Z. (2006) The genus Cymbidium in China. Science Press, Beijing, 237 pp.
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 14 Nov. 2010. New Orleans, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Peng, Y.L., Zhou, Z., Lan, S.R. & Liu, Z.J. (2019) Cymbidium jiangchengense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Cymbidiinae), a new species from China: evidence from morphology and DNA sequences. Phytotaxa 408: 77–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.408.1.6
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Schlechter, R. (1924) Die Gattungen Cymbidium Sw. und Cyperochis Bl. Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis 20: 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19240200605
Seth, C.J. & Cribb, P.J. (1984) A reassessment of the sectional limits in the genus Cymbidium Swartz. In: Arditti, J. (Ed.) Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives III. Comstock, Ithaca, pp. 283–332.
Sharma, S.K., Suman, K., Pramod, T. & Rama, S.R. (2012) Comparative karyomorphological study of some Indian Cymbidium Swartz, 1799 (Cymbidieae, Orchidaceae). Comparative Cytogenetics 6: 453–465. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.3461
Swartz, O. (1799) Dionome Epidendri generis Linn. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 6: 61–88. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/261100#page/86/mode/1up]
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), v. 4.0 beta 10. Sinauer, Sunderland.
Xu, X., Ding, C.C., Hu, W., Yu, X., Zheng, Y, Liao, X., Liu, X., Liu, Z.J & Lan, S. (2021). Cymbidium xichouense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa, 484: 291–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.484.3.4
Yu, X., Zeng, M.Y., Chen, G.Z., Xu, X.Y., Bi, Y.Y., Chen, J.T., Wang, Q.Q., Hu, W.Q., Zhang, D.Y. & Liu, Z.J. (2021) Cymbidium weishanense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 500: 45–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.1.6
Zhang, D.Y., Tu, X.D., Liu, B., Liao, X.Y., Lan, S.R. & Liu, Z.J. (2020) Cymbidium biflorens (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 428: 271–278. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3
Zhou, Z., Zhang, D., Chen, G.Z., Yu, X., Li, C.R., Lan, S.R. & Liu, Z.J. (2020) Cymbidium brevifolium (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 464: 236–242. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.464.3.5