Abstract
Subandine and high Andean forests are often dominated by oak trees and these are recognized as suitable phorophytes for diverse epiphyte communities. Among the latter, lichens in the upper strata appear to be understudied. Here, we report the discovery of two new species of Astrothelium (Trypetheliaceae), a diverse genus of tropical crustose lichens, both with the unusual feature of muriform, amyloid ascospores. Astrothelium mordonialensis is characterized by an olive-green thallus with solitary ascomata producing muriform and amyloid ascospores with tightened center and A. rogitamae by a light brownish to greenish grey thallus with yellow pigmented solitary ascomata, producing muriform and amyloid ascospores.
References
Aptroot, A., Caceres, M.E.S., Johnston, M.K. & Lücking, R. (2016) How diverse is the lichenized fungal family Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes)? A quantitative prediction of global species richness. The Lichenologist 48: 983–994. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000463
Aptroot, A. & Lücking, R. (2016) A revisionary synopsis of the Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Trypetheliales). Lichenologist 48: 763–982. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000487
Aptroot, A., Sipman, H.J.M., Barreto, F.M.O., Nunes, A.D. & da Silva Cáceres, M.E. (2019) Ten new species and 34 new country records of Trypetheliaceae. The Lichenologist 51: 27–43.https://doi.org/10.1017/S002428291800052X
Ardila, A.I., Moncada, B. & Lücking, R. (2014) Epiphyte homogenization and de-diversification on alien Eucalyptus versus native Quercus forest in the Colombian Andes: a case study using lirellate Graphidaceae lichens. Biodiversity and Conservation 24: 1239–1252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0855-7
Campos, L. V, Mota de Oliveira, S., Benavides, J.C., Uribe-M, J. & ter Steege, H. (2019) Vertical distribution and diversity of epiphytic bryophytes in the Colombian Amazon. Journal of Bryology 41: 328–340.https://doi.org/10.1080/03736687.2019.1641898
Coca, L.F., Lücking, R. & Moncada, B. (2018) Two new, sympatric and semi-cryptic species of Sulzbacheromyces (Lichenized Basidiomycota, Lepidostromatales) from the Chocó Biogeographic Region in Colombia. The Bryologist 121: 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.297
Flakus, A., Kukwa, M. & Aptroot, A. (2016) Trypetheliaceae of Bolivia: an updated checklist with descriptions of twenty-four new species. The Lichenologist 48: 661–692.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282915000559
Forman, R. (1975) Canopy Lichens with Blue-Green Algae: A Nitrogen Source in a Colombian Rain Forest. Ecology 56: 1176–1184. https://doi.org/10.2307/1936157
Gil, J. & Morales-Puentes, M. (2014) Estratificación vertical de briófitos epífitos encontrados en Quercus humboldtii ( Fagaceae ) de Boyacá, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical 62: 719–727. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v62i2.8482
van Leerdam, A. & Veneklaas, E.J. (1990) The distribution of epiphyte growth forms in the canopy of a colombian cloud forest. Vegetatio 87: 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045656
Lücking, R., Dal-Forno, M., Lawrey, J.D., Bungartz, F., Holgado Rojas, M.E., Hernández, J.E.M., Marcelli, M.P., Moncada, B., Morales, E.A., Nelsen, M.P., Paz, E., Salcedo, L., Spielmann, A.A., Wilk, K., Will-Wolf, S. & Yánez-Ayabaca, A. (2013) Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade. Phytotaxa 139 (1): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.139.1.1
Lücking, R., Johnston, M.K., Aptroot, A., Kraichak, E., Lendemer, J.C., Boonpragob, K., Caceres, M.E.S., Ertz, D., Ferraro, L.I. & Jia, Z. (2014) One hundred and seventy-five new species of Graphidaceae: closing the gap or a drop in the bucket? Phytotaxa 189 (1): 7–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.4
Lücking, R., Dal Forno, M., Moncada, B., Coca, L.F., Vargas-Mendoza, L.Y., Aptroot, A., Arias, L., Besal, B., Bungarz, F., D, C.-A., Cáceres, M., Chavez, J., Eliasaro, S., Gutiérrez, M., Hernández, J., Herrera-Campos, M., Holgado-Rojas, M., Jonitz, H., Kukwa, M., Lucheta, F., Madriñan, S., Marcelli, M., Martins, S., Mercado-Díaz, J., Molina, J., Morales, E., Nelson, P., Nugra, F., Ortega, F., Paredes, T., Patiño, A., R, P.-P., Pérez, R., Perlmutter, G., Rivas-Plata, E., Robayo, J., Rodríguez, C., Simijaca, D., Soto, E., Spielmann, A., Suárez-Corredor, A., Torres, J., Vargas, C., Yánez-Ayabaca, A., Weerakoon, G., Wilk, K., Celis, M., Diazgranados, M., Brokamp, G., Borsch, T., Gillevet, P., Sikaroodi, M. & Lawrey, J. (2016) Turbo-taxonomy to assemble a megadiverse lichen genus: seventy new species of Cora ( Basidiomycota?: Agaricales?: Hygrophoraceae ), honouring David Leslie Hawksworth’s seventieth birthday. Fungal Diversity: 1–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0374-9
Moncada, B., Coca, L.F. & Lücking, R. (2013a) Neotropical members of Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) forming photosymbiodemes, with the description of seven new species. The Bryologist 116: 169–200. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-116.2.169
Moncada, B., Lücking, R. & Betancourt-Macuase, L. (2013b) Phylogeny of the Lobariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales), with a reappraisal of the genus Lobariella. Lichenologist 45: 203–263.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000825
Moncada, B., Suárez, A. & Lüecking, R. (2015) Nueve especies nuevas del género Sticta (Ascomycota liquenizados: Lobariaceae) del morfotipo fuliginosa sensu lato de Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales: 50–66. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.110
Motta, K., Amórtegui, K., Moncada, B. & Lücking, R. (2019) New species in the genus Graphis with transversally septate ascospores (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae) from Colombia. Phytotaxa 401 (4): 257–266.https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.4.3
Nelsen, M.P., Lücking, R., Aptroot, A., Andrew, C.J., Cáceres, M., Plata, E.R., Gueidan, C., da Silva Canêz, L., Knight, A., Ludwig, L.R., Mercado-Díaz, J.A., Parnmen, S. & Lumbsch, H.T. (2014) Elucidating phylogenetic relationships and genus-level classification within the fungal family Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes). Taxon 63: 974–992.https://doi.org/10.12705/635.9
de Oliveira Mendonça, C., Aptroot, A., Lücking, R. & da Silva Cáceres, M.E. (2020) Global species richness prediction for Pyrenulaceae (Ascomycota: Pyrenulales), the last of the “big three” most speciose tropical microlichen families. Biodiversity and Conservation 29: 1059–1079.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01925-2
Rincón-Espitia, A., Aguirre-C., J. & Lücking, R. (2011) Corticolous lichens in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Caldasia 33: 331–347.
Simijaca, D., Moncada, B. & Lücking, R. (2018) Bosque de roble o plantación de coníferas, ¿qué prefieren los líquenes epífitos? Colombia Forestal 21: 123–141. https://doi.org/10.14483/2256201X.12575
Simijaca Salcedo, D.F., Moncada, B. & Lücking, R. (2017) Rol de Pinus patula (Pinaceae) como hospedera de líquenes epífitos y su comparación con Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae). Ciencia en Desarrollo 8: 56–57.
Soto-Medina, E. (2011) Lichens of the Gorgona Island National Natural Park (Cauca, Colombia) Líquenes del Parque Nacional Natural Isla de Gorgona (Cauca, Colombia). Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 33: 43–53.https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.33.1.8
Soto-Medina, E., Lücking, R. & Bolaños Rojas, A. (2012) Especificidad de forófito y preferencias microambientales de los líquenes cortícolas en cinco forófitos del bosque premontano de finca Zíngara, Cali, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical 60: 843–856. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v60i2.4017
Soto-Medina, E., Londoño-Lemos, V. & Díaz-Escandón, D. (2015) Epiphytes from a forest type transition zone in the Choco biogeographic region, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical 63: 915–926. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i4.16733
Soto-Medina, E., Aptroot, A. & Lücking, R. (2017) Aspidothelium silverstonei and Astrothelium fuscosporum, two new corticolous lichen species from Colombia. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 38: 253–258. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v38.iss2.2017.253
Soto, E., Lücking, R. & Rojas, A.B. (2012) Especificidad de forófito y preferencias microambientales de los líquenes cortícolas en cinco forófitos del bosque premontano de finca Zíngara, Cali, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical 60: 843–856. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v60i2.4017
Wolf, J. (1993a) Epiphyte comunities of tropical montane rain forest northern Andes I. Lower montane comunities. Phytocoenologia 22: 1–52. https://doi.org/10.1127/phyto/22/1993/1
Wolf, J.H.D. (1993b) Diversity patterns and biomass of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens along an altitudinal gradient in the northern Andes. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 80: 928–960. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399938
Aptroot, A. & Lücking, R. (2016) A revisionary synopsis of the Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Trypetheliales). Lichenologist 48: 763–982. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000487
Aptroot, A., Sipman, H.J.M., Barreto, F.M.O., Nunes, A.D. & da Silva Cáceres, M.E. (2019) Ten new species and 34 new country records of Trypetheliaceae. The Lichenologist 51: 27–43.https://doi.org/10.1017/S002428291800052X
Ardila, A.I., Moncada, B. & Lücking, R. (2014) Epiphyte homogenization and de-diversification on alien Eucalyptus versus native Quercus forest in the Colombian Andes: a case study using lirellate Graphidaceae lichens. Biodiversity and Conservation 24: 1239–1252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0855-7
Campos, L. V, Mota de Oliveira, S., Benavides, J.C., Uribe-M, J. & ter Steege, H. (2019) Vertical distribution and diversity of epiphytic bryophytes in the Colombian Amazon. Journal of Bryology 41: 328–340.https://doi.org/10.1080/03736687.2019.1641898
Coca, L.F., Lücking, R. & Moncada, B. (2018) Two new, sympatric and semi-cryptic species of Sulzbacheromyces (Lichenized Basidiomycota, Lepidostromatales) from the Chocó Biogeographic Region in Colombia. The Bryologist 121: 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.297
Flakus, A., Kukwa, M. & Aptroot, A. (2016) Trypetheliaceae of Bolivia: an updated checklist with descriptions of twenty-four new species. The Lichenologist 48: 661–692.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282915000559
Forman, R. (1975) Canopy Lichens with Blue-Green Algae: A Nitrogen Source in a Colombian Rain Forest. Ecology 56: 1176–1184. https://doi.org/10.2307/1936157
Gil, J. & Morales-Puentes, M. (2014) Estratificación vertical de briófitos epífitos encontrados en Quercus humboldtii ( Fagaceae ) de Boyacá, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical 62: 719–727. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v62i2.8482
van Leerdam, A. & Veneklaas, E.J. (1990) The distribution of epiphyte growth forms in the canopy of a colombian cloud forest. Vegetatio 87: 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045656
Lücking, R., Dal-Forno, M., Lawrey, J.D., Bungartz, F., Holgado Rojas, M.E., Hernández, J.E.M., Marcelli, M.P., Moncada, B., Morales, E.A., Nelsen, M.P., Paz, E., Salcedo, L., Spielmann, A.A., Wilk, K., Will-Wolf, S. & Yánez-Ayabaca, A. (2013) Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade. Phytotaxa 139 (1): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.139.1.1
Lücking, R., Johnston, M.K., Aptroot, A., Kraichak, E., Lendemer, J.C., Boonpragob, K., Caceres, M.E.S., Ertz, D., Ferraro, L.I. & Jia, Z. (2014) One hundred and seventy-five new species of Graphidaceae: closing the gap or a drop in the bucket? Phytotaxa 189 (1): 7–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.4
Lücking, R., Dal Forno, M., Moncada, B., Coca, L.F., Vargas-Mendoza, L.Y., Aptroot, A., Arias, L., Besal, B., Bungarz, F., D, C.-A., Cáceres, M., Chavez, J., Eliasaro, S., Gutiérrez, M., Hernández, J., Herrera-Campos, M., Holgado-Rojas, M., Jonitz, H., Kukwa, M., Lucheta, F., Madriñan, S., Marcelli, M., Martins, S., Mercado-Díaz, J., Molina, J., Morales, E., Nelson, P., Nugra, F., Ortega, F., Paredes, T., Patiño, A., R, P.-P., Pérez, R., Perlmutter, G., Rivas-Plata, E., Robayo, J., Rodríguez, C., Simijaca, D., Soto, E., Spielmann, A., Suárez-Corredor, A., Torres, J., Vargas, C., Yánez-Ayabaca, A., Weerakoon, G., Wilk, K., Celis, M., Diazgranados, M., Brokamp, G., Borsch, T., Gillevet, P., Sikaroodi, M. & Lawrey, J. (2016) Turbo-taxonomy to assemble a megadiverse lichen genus: seventy new species of Cora ( Basidiomycota?: Agaricales?: Hygrophoraceae ), honouring David Leslie Hawksworth’s seventieth birthday. Fungal Diversity: 1–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0374-9
Moncada, B., Coca, L.F. & Lücking, R. (2013a) Neotropical members of Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) forming photosymbiodemes, with the description of seven new species. The Bryologist 116: 169–200. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-116.2.169
Moncada, B., Lücking, R. & Betancourt-Macuase, L. (2013b) Phylogeny of the Lobariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales), with a reappraisal of the genus Lobariella. Lichenologist 45: 203–263.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000825
Moncada, B., Suárez, A. & Lüecking, R. (2015) Nueve especies nuevas del género Sticta (Ascomycota liquenizados: Lobariaceae) del morfotipo fuliginosa sensu lato de Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales: 50–66. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.110
Motta, K., Amórtegui, K., Moncada, B. & Lücking, R. (2019) New species in the genus Graphis with transversally septate ascospores (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae) from Colombia. Phytotaxa 401 (4): 257–266.https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.4.3
Nelsen, M.P., Lücking, R., Aptroot, A., Andrew, C.J., Cáceres, M., Plata, E.R., Gueidan, C., da Silva Canêz, L., Knight, A., Ludwig, L.R., Mercado-Díaz, J.A., Parnmen, S. & Lumbsch, H.T. (2014) Elucidating phylogenetic relationships and genus-level classification within the fungal family Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes). Taxon 63: 974–992.https://doi.org/10.12705/635.9
de Oliveira Mendonça, C., Aptroot, A., Lücking, R. & da Silva Cáceres, M.E. (2020) Global species richness prediction for Pyrenulaceae (Ascomycota: Pyrenulales), the last of the “big three” most speciose tropical microlichen families. Biodiversity and Conservation 29: 1059–1079.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01925-2
Rincón-Espitia, A., Aguirre-C., J. & Lücking, R. (2011) Corticolous lichens in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Caldasia 33: 331–347.
Simijaca, D., Moncada, B. & Lücking, R. (2018) Bosque de roble o plantación de coníferas, ¿qué prefieren los líquenes epífitos? Colombia Forestal 21: 123–141. https://doi.org/10.14483/2256201X.12575
Simijaca Salcedo, D.F., Moncada, B. & Lücking, R. (2017) Rol de Pinus patula (Pinaceae) como hospedera de líquenes epífitos y su comparación con Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae). Ciencia en Desarrollo 8: 56–57.
Soto-Medina, E. (2011) Lichens of the Gorgona Island National Natural Park (Cauca, Colombia) Líquenes del Parque Nacional Natural Isla de Gorgona (Cauca, Colombia). Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 33: 43–53.https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.33.1.8
Soto-Medina, E., Lücking, R. & Bolaños Rojas, A. (2012) Especificidad de forófito y preferencias microambientales de los líquenes cortícolas en cinco forófitos del bosque premontano de finca Zíngara, Cali, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical 60: 843–856. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v60i2.4017
Soto-Medina, E., Londoño-Lemos, V. & Díaz-Escandón, D. (2015) Epiphytes from a forest type transition zone in the Choco biogeographic region, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical 63: 915–926. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i4.16733
Soto-Medina, E., Aptroot, A. & Lücking, R. (2017) Aspidothelium silverstonei and Astrothelium fuscosporum, two new corticolous lichen species from Colombia. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 38: 253–258. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v38.iss2.2017.253
Soto, E., Lücking, R. & Rojas, A.B. (2012) Especificidad de forófito y preferencias microambientales de los líquenes cortícolas en cinco forófitos del bosque premontano de finca Zíngara, Cali, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical 60: 843–856. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v60i2.4017
Wolf, J. (1993a) Epiphyte comunities of tropical montane rain forest northern Andes I. Lower montane comunities. Phytocoenologia 22: 1–52. https://doi.org/10.1127/phyto/22/1993/1
Wolf, J.H.D. (1993b) Diversity patterns and biomass of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens along an altitudinal gradient in the northern Andes. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 80: 928–960. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399938