Abstract
During an investigation of ascomycetous fungi in Karst formations of the Asian region, three interesting taxa were found on dead aerial stems of woody hosts in Guizhou province, China. Their morphology assigned them as typical botryosphaeriaceous species. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined DNA dataset of large subunit (LSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) gene confirmed their placement within Botryosphaeriaceae. In the phylogenetic tree, the three isolates formed a well-supported monotypic clade as a distinct lineage within the genus Sardiniella. Therefore, a new species Sardiniella guizhouensis sp. nov. is introduced to accommodate these taxa and detailed, illustrated descriptions of the asexual and sexual morphs are provided. This study reveals the first sexual morph of Sardiniella, which it is characterized by 2–4(–6)-spored asci with hyaline to brown, aseptate to 1-septate, ovate to subclavate ascospores.
References
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0207-4
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https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0021
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0416-6
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Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91: 553–556.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051
Chen, Y.Y., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Nanayakkara, R.R., Zhu, G.S. & Liu, Z.Y. (2017) Fungi from Asian Karst formations I. Pestalotiopsis photinicola sp. nov., causing leaf spots of Photinia serrulata. Mycosphere 8: 103–110. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/1/9
Chen, Y.Y., Dissanayake, A.J., Liu, Z.Y. & Liu, J.K. (2020) Additions to Karst Fungi 4: Botryosphaeria spp. associated with woody hosts in Guizhou province, China including B. guttulata sp. nov. Phytotaxa 454 (3): 186–202.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.3.2
Crous, P.W., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M.J., Rheeder, J., Marasas, W.F.O., Philips, A.J.L., Alves, A., Burgess, T.I., Barber, P.A. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2006) Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology 55: 235–253.
https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.55.1.235
Dissanayake, A.J., Phillips, A.J.L., Hyde, K.D. & Li, X.H. (2016) Botryosphaeriaceae: Current status of genera and species. Mycosphere 7: 1001–1073.
https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/si/1b/13
Dissanayake, A.J., Chen, Y.Y. & Liu, J.K. (2020a) Unravelling Diaporthe species associated with woody hosts from Karst Formations (Guizhou) in China. Journal of Fungi, 6 (4) 251.https://doi:10.3390/jof6040251
Dissanayake, A.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N. & Liu, J.K. (2020b) Applied aspects of methods to infer phylogenetic relationships amongst fungi. Mycosphere 11: 2653–2677.https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/18
Doilom, M., Shuttleworth, L.A., Roux, J., Chukeatirote, E. & Hyde, K.D. (2014) Barriopsis tectonae sp. nov. a new species of Botryosphaeriaceae from Tectona grandis (teak) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 81–91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.10
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17: 754–755.https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
Hyde, K.D., Nilsson, R.H., Alias, S.A., Ariyawansa, H.A., Blair, J.E., Cai, L., de Cock, A.W.A.M., Dissanayake, A.J., Glockling, S.L., Goonasekara, I.D., Gorczak, M., Hahn, M., Jayawardena, R.S., van Kan, J.A.L., Laurence, M.H., Le´vesque, C.A., Li, X., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Manamgoda, D.S., Martin, F.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., McTaggart. A.R., Mortimer, P.E., Nair, Julia Paw?owska, P.V.R., Rintoul, T.L., Shivas, R.G., Spies, C.F.J., Summerell, B.A., Taylor, P.W.J., Terhem, R.B., Udayanga, D., Vaghefi, N., Walther, G., Wilk, M., Wrzosek, M., Xu, J.C., Yan, J.Y. & Zhou, N. (2014) One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014). Fungal Diversity 67: 21–125https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0298-1
Hyde, K.D., Norphanphoun, C., Abreu, V.P., Bazzicalupo, A., Chethana, K.T., Clericuzio, M., Dayarathne, M.C., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., He, M.Q., Hongsanan, S., Huang, S.K., Jayasiri, R.S., Jayawardena, R.S., Karunarathna, A., Konta, S., Kus?an, I., Lee, H., Li, J., Lin, C.G., Liu, N.G., Lu, Y.Z., Luo, Z.L., Manawasinghe, I.S., Mapook, A., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Siedlecki, I., Soares, A.M., Tennakoon, D.S., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Xiao, Y.P., Yang, J., Zeng, X.Y., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Li, W.J., Senanayake, I.C., Shang, Q.J., Daranagama, D.A., de Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Bahkali, A.H., Berbee, M.L., Boonmee, S., Bhat, D.J., Bulgakov, T.S., Buyck, B., Camporesi, E., Castan˜eda-Ruiz, R.F., Chomnunti, P., Doilom, M., Dovana, F., Gibertoni, T.B., Jadan, M., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Kang, J.C., Karunarathna, S.C., Lim, Y.W., Liu, J.K., Liu, Z.Y., Plautz, H.L. Jr, Lumyong, S., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Matoc?ec, N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Mes?ic´, A., Miller, D., Pawlowska, J., Pereira, O.L., Promputtha, I., Romero, A.I., Ryvarden, L., Su, H.Y., Suetrong, S., Tkalc?ec, Z., Vizzini, A., Wen, T.C., Wisitrassameewong, K., Wrzosek, M., Xu, J.C., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R.L. & Mortimer, P.E. (2017) Fungal diversity notes 603–708: taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on genera and species. Fungal Diversity 87: 1–235
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0391-3
Index Fungorum (2021) [http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp]
Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspé, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selçuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., De Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Diversity 74 (1): 3–18.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8
Katoh, K. & Standley, K. (2013) MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability. Molecular Biology & Evolution 30: 772–780.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kishino, H. & Hasegawa, M. (1989) Evaluation of the maximum likelihood estimate of the evolutionary tree topologies from DNA sequence data, and the branching order in Hominoidea. Journal of Molecular Evolution 29: 170–179.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02100115
Linaldeddu, B.T., Alves, A. & Phillips, A.J.L. (2016) Sardiniella urbana gen. et sp. nov., a new member of the Botryosphaeriaceae isolated from declining Celtis australis trees in Sardinian streetscapes. Mycosphere 7: 893–905.https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/si/1b/5
Liu, J.K., Chomnunti, P., Cai, L., Phookamsak, R., Chukeatirote, E., Jones, E.B.G., Moslem, M. & Hyde, K.D. (2010) Phylogeny and morphology of Neodeightonia palmicola sp. nov. from palms. Sydowia 62: 261?276.
Liu, J.K., Phookamsak, R., Doilom, M., Wikee, S., Li, Y.M., Ariyawansa, H., Boonmee, S., Chomnunti, P., Dai, D.Q., Bhat, J.D., Romero, A.I., Zhuang, W.Y., Monkai, J., Jones, E.B.G., Chukeatirote, E., Ko Ko, T.W., Zhao, Y.C., Wang, Y. & Hyde, K.D. (2012) Towards a natural classification of Botryosphaeriales. Fungal Diversity 57: 149–210.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0207-4
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2.2. Program distributed by the author: 2. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 1–2.
Phillips, A.J.L., Alves, A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M.J., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2013) The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76: 51–167.
https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0021
Phillips, A.J.L., Hyde, K.D., Alves A. & Liu, J.K (2019) Families in Botryosphaeriales: a phylogenetic, morphological and evolutionary perspective. Fungal Diversity 94: 1–22.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0416-6
Rayner, R.W. (1970) A Mycological Colour Chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK.
Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2010) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML Program. Available from: https://sourceforge.net/ (accessed 1 August 2010)
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP* 4.0: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J Bacteriol 172: 4238–4246.https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, New York, USA, pp. 315–322.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Yang, T., Groenewald, J.Z., Cheewangkoon, R., Jami, F., Amdollahzadeh, J., Lombard, L. & Crous, P.W. (2017) Families, genera, and species of Botryosphaeriales. Fungal Biology 121: 322–346.
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