Abstract
Species of Kionochaeta are saprobes commonly associated with decaying plant materials. As a part of surveys on freshwater microfungi, Kionochaeta-like taxon was found on a submerged decaying twig at a rivulet in the protected forest area of Khao Kheow Open Zoo (KKOZ), eastern Thailand. This taxon is microscopically similar to Kionochaeta, but clearly differs by its accessory lateral setiform branches and sterile setae arising beside the conidiophores. Multi-locus phylogenies inferred from four combined loci (SSU, ITS, LSU and RPB2) demonstrated that this taxon clustered as a unique clade with Kionochaeta species (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales). Therefore, we introduce this taxon as K. setosimplicia, and it is phylogenetically close to K. castaneae, K. ramifera and K. pughii. Kionochaeta setosimplicia is separated from K. microspora and K. spissa. In Kionochaeta clade 1, K. nanophora forms a basal taxon. Kionochaeta ivoriensis forms a distinct Kionochaeta clade 2 distant from other Kionochaeta.
References
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<p>Hall, T. (1999) BioEdit computer program. Version 7.0.9. Available from: http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html (accessed 15 June 2021)</p>
<p>Index Fungorum (2021) Available from: www.indexfungorum.org. (accessed 6 March 2021)</p>
<p>Jangtarwan, K., Koomgun, T., Prasongmaneerut, T., Thongchum, R., Singchat, W., Tawichasri, P., Fukayama, T., Sillapaprayoon, S., Kraichak, E., Muangmai, N., Baicharoen, S., Punkong, C., Peyachoknagul, S., Duengkae, P. & Srikulnath, K. (2019) Take one step backward to move forward: Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of captive Asian woolly-necked storks (<em>Ciconia</em> <em>episcopus</em>). <em>PloS one</em> 14: e0223726–e0223726. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223726</p>
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<p>Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. <em>Briefings in Bioinformatics</em> 20: 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108</p>
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<p>Kirk, P.M. & Sutton, B.C. (1985) A reassessment of the anamorph genus <em>Chaetopsina</em> (Hyphomycetes). <em>Transactions of the British Mycological Society</em> 85: 709–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80267-9</p>
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<p>Liu, Y., Whelen, S. & Hall, B.D. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit. <em>Molecular biology and evolution</em> 16: 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092</p>
<p>Matsushima, T. (1971) <em>Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea.</em> Matsushima, Kobe.</p>
<p>Maxwell, J.F. (1980) Vegetation of Khao Khieo game sanctuary Chonburi province, Thailand. <em>Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society</em> 28: 9–24.</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>In:</em> <em>2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). </em>https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Réblová, M., Nekvindová, J., Fournier, J. & Miller, A.N. (2020) Delimitation, new species and teleomorph-anamorph relationships in <em>Codinaea</em>, <em>Dendrophoma</em>, <em>Paragaeumannomyces</em> and <em>Striatosphaeria</em> (Chaetosphaeriaceae). <em>MycoKeys</em> 74: 17–74. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.57824</p>
<p>Robert, V., Vu, D., Amor, A.B.H., van de Wiele, N., Brouwer, C., Jabas, B., Szoke, S., Dridi, A., Triki, M., Daoud, S. ben, Chouchen, O., Vaas, L., de Cock, A., Stalpers, J.A., Stalpers, D., Verkley, G.J.M., Groenewald, M., dos Santos, F.B., Stegehuis, G., Li, W., Wu, L., Zhang, R., Ma, J., Zhou, M., Gorjón, S.P., Eurwilaichitr, L., Ingsriswang, S., Hansen, K., Schoch, C., Robbertse, B., Irinyi, L., Meyer, W., Cardinali, G., Hawksworth, D.L., Taylor, J.W. & Crous, P.W. (2013) MycoBank gearing up for new horizons. <em>IMA Fungus</em> 4: 371–379. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.02.16</p>
<p>Sri-indrasutdhi, V., Boonyuen, N., Suetrong, S., Chuaseeharoonachai, C., Sivichai, S. & Jones, E. (2010) Wood-inhabiting freshwater fungi from Thailand: <em>Ascothailandia</em> <em>grenadoidia</em> gen. et sp. nov., <em>Canalisporium</em> <em>grenadoidia</em> sp. nov. with a key to <em>Canalisporium</em> species (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). <em>Mycoscience</em> 51: 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-010-0055-6</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML Version 8: A Tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30. [Oxford, England] https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Storer, J.P. (1979) <em>A Preliminary Biological Survey of Khao Khieo.</em> pp. 25–46.</p>
<p>Swofford, D. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4.0b10.</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>White, T., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., Innis, M., Gelfand, D. & Sninsky, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M., Gelfand, D., Sninsky, J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Yang, J., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G. & Liu, Z.Y. (2016) New species of <em>Sporoschisma</em> (Chaetosphaeriaceae) from aquatic habitats in Thailand. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 289 (2): 147–157. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.2.4</p>
<p>Yang, J., Liu, N.G., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G. & Liu, Z.Y. (2018) Phylogenetic placement of <em>Cryptophiale</em>, <em>Cryptophialoidea</em>, <em>Nawawia</em>, <em>Neonawawia</em> gen. nov. and <em>Phialosporostilbe</em>, <em>Mycosphere</em> 9 (6): 1132–1150. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosp</p>
<p>Chaiyarat, R., Saengpong, S., Tunwattana, W. & Dunriddach, P. (2017) Habitat and food utilization by banteng (Bos javanicus d’Alton, 1823) accidentally introduced into the Khao Khieo-Khao Chomphu Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. <em>Mammalia</em> 82. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2016-0121</p>
<p>Chuaseeharonnachai, C., Suetrong, S., Nuankaew, S., Somrithipol, S., Hongsanan, S., Srikitikulchai, P., Jones, E.B.G. & Boonyuen, N. (2020) <em>Synnematotriadelphia</em> gen. nov. (<em>S.</em> <em>stilboidea</em> comb. nov. and <em>S.</em> <em>synnematofera</em> comb. nov.) and <em>Triadelphia</em> <em>hexaformispora</em> sp. nov. in the family Triadelphiaceae. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01547-6</p>
<p>Goh, T.K. & Hyde, K.D. (1997) The generic distinction between <em>Chaetopsina</em> and <em>Kionochaeta</em>, with descriptions of two new species. <em>Mycological Research</em> 101: 1517–1523. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756297004292</p>
<p>Hall, T. (1999) BioEdit computer program. Version 7.0.9. Available from: http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html (accessed 15 June 2021)</p>
<p>Index Fungorum (2021) Available from: www.indexfungorum.org. (accessed 6 March 2021)</p>
<p>Jangtarwan, K., Koomgun, T., Prasongmaneerut, T., Thongchum, R., Singchat, W., Tawichasri, P., Fukayama, T., Sillapaprayoon, S., Kraichak, E., Muangmai, N., Baicharoen, S., Punkong, C., Peyachoknagul, S., Duengkae, P. & Srikulnath, K. (2019) Take one step backward to move forward: Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of captive Asian woolly-necked storks (<em>Ciconia</em> <em>episcopus</em>). <em>PloS one</em> 14: e0223726–e0223726. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223726</p>
<p>Jintanugool, J. (1988) Wildlife sanctuaries in Thailand. <em>วารสารวนศาสตร์</em> 7: 382–400.</p>
<p>Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. <em>Briefings in Bioinformatics</em> 20: 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108</p>
<p>Kirk, P.M. (1985) New or interesting microfungi. XIV. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes from Mt Kenya. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 23: 305–352.</p>
<p>Kirk, P.M. & Sutton, B.C. (1985) A reassessment of the anamorph genus <em>Chaetopsina</em> (Hyphomycetes). <em>Transactions of the British Mycological Society</em> 85: 709–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80267-9</p>
<p>Kuthubutheen, A.J. & Nawawi, A. (1988) Two new species of <em>Kionochaeta</em> (Hyphomycetes) and <em>K. ramifera</em> from Malaysia. <em>Transactions of the British Mycological Society</em> 90: 437–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(88)80153-0</p>
<p>Kuthubutheen, A.J. & Nawawi, A. (1994) <em>Cryptophialoidea</em> <em>fasciculata</em> sp. nov. and <em>C. manifesta</em> comb. nov. from Malaysia. <em>Mycological Research</em> 98: 686–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80417-6</p>
<p>Lin, C.G., McKenzie, E.H.C., Liu, J.K., Jones, E.B.G. & Hyde, K.D. (2019) Hyaline-spored chaetosphaeriaceous hyphomycetes from Thailand and China, with a review of the family Chaetosphaeriaceae. <em>Mycosphere</em> 10: 655–700. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/14</p>
<p>Liu, Y., Whelen, S. & Hall, B.D. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit. <em>Molecular biology and evolution</em> 16: 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092</p>
<p>Matsushima, T. (1971) <em>Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea.</em> Matsushima, Kobe.</p>
<p>Maxwell, J.F. (1980) Vegetation of Khao Khieo game sanctuary Chonburi province, Thailand. <em>Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society</em> 28: 9–24.</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>In:</em> <em>2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). </em>https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Réblová, M., Nekvindová, J., Fournier, J. & Miller, A.N. (2020) Delimitation, new species and teleomorph-anamorph relationships in <em>Codinaea</em>, <em>Dendrophoma</em>, <em>Paragaeumannomyces</em> and <em>Striatosphaeria</em> (Chaetosphaeriaceae). <em>MycoKeys</em> 74: 17–74. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.57824</p>
<p>Robert, V., Vu, D., Amor, A.B.H., van de Wiele, N., Brouwer, C., Jabas, B., Szoke, S., Dridi, A., Triki, M., Daoud, S. ben, Chouchen, O., Vaas, L., de Cock, A., Stalpers, J.A., Stalpers, D., Verkley, G.J.M., Groenewald, M., dos Santos, F.B., Stegehuis, G., Li, W., Wu, L., Zhang, R., Ma, J., Zhou, M., Gorjón, S.P., Eurwilaichitr, L., Ingsriswang, S., Hansen, K., Schoch, C., Robbertse, B., Irinyi, L., Meyer, W., Cardinali, G., Hawksworth, D.L., Taylor, J.W. & Crous, P.W. (2013) MycoBank gearing up for new horizons. <em>IMA Fungus</em> 4: 371–379. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.02.16</p>
<p>Sri-indrasutdhi, V., Boonyuen, N., Suetrong, S., Chuaseeharoonachai, C., Sivichai, S. & Jones, E. (2010) Wood-inhabiting freshwater fungi from Thailand: <em>Ascothailandia</em> <em>grenadoidia</em> gen. et sp. nov., <em>Canalisporium</em> <em>grenadoidia</em> sp. nov. with a key to <em>Canalisporium</em> species (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). <em>Mycoscience</em> 51: 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-010-0055-6</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML Version 8: A Tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30. [Oxford, England] https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Storer, J.P. (1979) <em>A Preliminary Biological Survey of Khao Khieo.</em> pp. 25–46.</p>
<p>Swofford, D. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4.0b10.</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>White, T., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., Innis, M., Gelfand, D. & Sninsky, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M., Gelfand, D., Sninsky, J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Yang, J., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G. & Liu, Z.Y. (2016) New species of <em>Sporoschisma</em> (Chaetosphaeriaceae) from aquatic habitats in Thailand. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 289 (2): 147–157. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.2.4</p>
<p>Yang, J., Liu, N.G., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G. & Liu, Z.Y. (2018) Phylogenetic placement of <em>Cryptophiale</em>, <em>Cryptophialoidea</em>, <em>Nawawia</em>, <em>Neonawawia</em> gen. nov. and <em>Phialosporostilbe</em>, <em>Mycosphere</em> 9 (6): 1132–1150. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosp</p>