Abstract
A new species of Schwenckia (Solanaceae) from calcareous outcrops of the Serra Azul Biological Reserve in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described and illustrated. Schwenckia aurantiaca is an annual plant characterized by a cylindrical corolla tube with five orange, linear appendages, an androecium with two stamens and three, unequal pilose staminodes, and a calyx that tears to the base in fruit. We discuss the morphological characters, habitat, and conservation status of the species, which is assessed as Critically Endangered.
References
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<p>Gomes, P. & Sobral-Leite, M. (2013) Crystalline rock outcrops in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil: vascular flora, biological spectrum, and invasive species. <em>Brazilian Journal of Botany</em> 36: 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-013-0020-7</p>
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<p>Magassouba, F.B., Diallo, A., Kouyat, M., Mara, F., Bangoura, O., Camara, A., Traor, S., Diallo, A.K., Zaoro, M., Lamah, K., Diallo, S., Camara, G., Traoré, S., Keita, A., Camara, M.K., Barry, R., Kéita, S., Oularé, K., Barry, M.S., Donzo, M., Camara, K., Toté, K., Vanden Berghe, D., Totté, J., Pieters, L., Vlietinck, A.J. & Baldé, A.M. (2007) Ethnobotanical survey and antibacterial activity of some plants used in Guinean traditional medicine. <em>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</em> 114: 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.009</p>
<p>Mentz, L.A., Oliveira, P.L. & da Silva, M.V. (2000) Tipologia dos tricomas das espécies do gênero <em>Solanum</em> (Solanaceae) na Região Sul do Brasil. <em>Iheringia.</em> <em>Série Botânica</em> 54: 75–106.</p>
<p>Mohl, H. von. & Schlechtendal, D.F.L.von. (1850) <em>Botanische Zeitung</em>. A. Förstner, Berlin, pp. 787–789</p>
<p>Moraes, A.O., de Melo, E., Agra, M.F. & França, F. (2009) A família Solanaceae nos “Inselbergues” do semi-árido da Bahia, Brasil. <em>Iheringia.</em> <em>Série Botânica</em>, 64: 109–122.</p>
<p>Neuwied, M.W. (1823) Beitrag zur Flora Brasiliens. <em>Nova Acta Physico-Medica</em> <em>Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum</em> 1: 41–43.</p>
<p>Noba, K., Bassene, C., Ngom, A., Gueye, M., Camara, A.A., Kane, M., Ndoye, F., Dieng, B., Rmballo, R., Ba, N., Bodian, M.Y., Sane, S., Diop, D., Gueye, M., Konta, I.S., Kane, A., Mbaye, M.S. & Ba., A.T. (2017) Invasive Plants of West Africa: Concepts, Overviews and Sustainable Management. <em>Advances in Recycling & Waste Management</em> 2: 121. https://doi.org/10.4172/2475-7675.1000121</p>
<p>Olmstead, R.G., Bohs, L., Migid, H.A., Santiago-Valentin, E., Garcia, V.F. & Collier, S.M. (2008) A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae. <em>Taxon </em>57<strong>:</strong> 1159–1181. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.574010</p>
<p>Paucar, J.O.A., Isaias, R.M.S. & Stehmann, J.R. (2019) Unravelling the structure and function of the petal appendages in the tribe Schwenckieae (Solanaceae). <em>Plant Biology</em> 22: 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13061</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickison, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) <em>Vascular Plant Systematics</em>. Harper and Row, New York, 891 pp.</p>
<p>Raunkiaer, C. (1934) <em>The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography</em>. Claredon, Oxford, 632 pp.</p>
<p>Reboita, M.S., Rodrigues, M., Silva, L.F. & Alves, M.A. (2015) Aspectos climáticos do estado de Minas Gerais. <em>Revista Brasileira de Climatologia</em> 17: 206–226. https://doi.org/10.5380/abclima.v17i0.41493</p>
<p>Ruiz, H. & Pavón, J. (1798) <em>Systema vegetabilium florae peruvianae et chilensis, characteres prodromi genericos differentiales, specium omnium differentias, durantionem, loca natalia, tempus florendi, nomina vernacula, vires et usus nonullis illustrationibus interspersis complectens.</em> I–VI. Gabriel de Sancha, Madrid, 456 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.887</p>
<p>Särkinen, T., Bohs, L, Olmstead, R.G. & Knapp, S. (2013) A phylogenetic framework for evolutionary study of the nightshades (Solanaceae): a dated 1000–tip tree. <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em> 13: 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-214</p>
<p>Solederer, H. (1891) Uberde versetzung der gattung Melananthus Walp von den Phymaceen zu den Solanaceenn. <em>Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft </em>9: 65–84.</p>
<p>Solereder, H. (1898) Zwei bëitrag zur systematik der Solanaceen. <em>Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft</em> 16: 242–260.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) [continuously updated] <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/scie</p>
<p>Benítez de Rojas, C. (1993) <em>La Tribu Schwenckieae A. Hunz (Solanaceae) en Venezuela</em>. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela, 80 pp.</p>
<p>Benítez, C. (2006) Una Nueva especie de <em>Schwenckia</em> (Solanaceae) del Caquetá, Colombia. <em>Novon</em> 16: 209–211. https://doi.org/10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[209:UNEDSS]2.0.CO;2</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1846) Scrophulariaceae A. de Candolle. <em>In: </em>Candolle, A.L.P.P. de (Ed.) <em>Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis </em>10<em>.</em> Masson, Paris, pp. 186–586.</p>
<p>Brandão, M., Araújo, M.G. & Laca-Buendia, J.P. (1998) Furados: um novo ecossistema de grande importância como suporte à fauna local e regional da região da Jaíba, MG. <em>Daphne </em>8 (3): 51–60.</p>
<p>Carvalho, L d’A.F. (1966) O gênero <em>Melananthus</em> no Brasil (Solanaceae). <em>Sellowia </em>18: 51–66.</p>
<p>Carvalho, L. d’A.F. (1978a) O gênero <em>Schwenckia </em>D. van Rooyen ex Linnaeus no Brasil (Solanaceae). <em>Rodriguésia </em>44: 307–524.</p>
<p>Carvalho, L. d’A.F. (1978b) Novidades em <em>Schwenckia</em> Rooyen ex Linnaeus–Solanaceae. <em>Archivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro</em> 22: 146.</p>
<p>de Paula, L.F.A., Mota, N.F.O., Viana, P.L. & Stehmann, J.R. (2017) Floristic and ecological characterization of habitat types on an inselberg in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. <em>Acta Botanica Brasilica </em>31: 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062016abb0409</p>
<p>Flora do Brasil 2020 (2020) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/ (accessed 5 March 2020)</p>
<p>Google Inc. (2021) Google Earth Pro ver. 7.3.3.7786. Mountain View, Santa Clara.</p>
<p>Gomes, P. & Alves, M.V. (2010) Floristic diversity of two crystalline rocky outcrops in the Brazilian northeast semi-arid region. <em>Brazilian Journal of Botany</em> 33: 661–676. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042010000400014</p>
<p>Gomes, P. & Sobral-Leite, M. (2013) Crystalline rock outcrops in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil: vascular flora, biological spectrum, and invasive species. <em>Brazilian Journal of Botany</em> 36: 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-013-0020-7</p>
<p>Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W (2001) <em>Plant Identification Terminology an Illustrated Glossary</em> (2<sup>nd</sup> ed). Spring Lake, Utah, 206 pp.</p>
<p>Humboldt, F.W.H.A., Bonpland, A.J.A. & Kunth, K.S. (1817) Scrophularinae Juss. Nova genera et species plantarum, vol. 4, part 2. Librairie Grecque-Latine Allemande, Paris, pp. 345–391.</p>
<p>Hunziker, A.T. (1977) Estudos sobre Solanaceae VIII. Novedades varias sobre tribos, géneros, secciones y especies de Sud América. <em>Kurtziana </em>10: 7–50.</p>
<p>Hunziker, A.T. (2001) <em>Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system.</em> A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell, 500 pp</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2020) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Pettions Committee. Available from: http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/ (accessed 2 March 2020)</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1764) <em>Genera Plantarum</em>. Impensis Laurentii Sal VII. Stockholm, 656 pp.</p>
<p>Lucena, D.S., Lucena, M.F.A., Sousa, J.M., Silva, R.F.L. & Souza, P.F. (2015) Flora vascular de um inselbergue na mesorregião do sertão paraibano, nordeste do Brasil. <em>Scientia Plena</em> 11 (1): 011202.</p>
<p>Magassouba, F.B., Diallo, A., Kouyat, M., Mara, F., Bangoura, O., Camara, A., Traor, S., Diallo, A.K., Zaoro, M., Lamah, K., Diallo, S., Camara, G., Traoré, S., Keita, A., Camara, M.K., Barry, R., Kéita, S., Oularé, K., Barry, M.S., Donzo, M., Camara, K., Toté, K., Vanden Berghe, D., Totté, J., Pieters, L., Vlietinck, A.J. & Baldé, A.M. (2007) Ethnobotanical survey and antibacterial activity of some plants used in Guinean traditional medicine. <em>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</em> 114: 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.009</p>
<p>Mentz, L.A., Oliveira, P.L. & da Silva, M.V. (2000) Tipologia dos tricomas das espécies do gênero <em>Solanum</em> (Solanaceae) na Região Sul do Brasil. <em>Iheringia.</em> <em>Série Botânica</em> 54: 75–106.</p>
<p>Mohl, H. von. & Schlechtendal, D.F.L.von. (1850) <em>Botanische Zeitung</em>. A. Förstner, Berlin, pp. 787–789</p>
<p>Moraes, A.O., de Melo, E., Agra, M.F. & França, F. (2009) A família Solanaceae nos “Inselbergues” do semi-árido da Bahia, Brasil. <em>Iheringia.</em> <em>Série Botânica</em>, 64: 109–122.</p>
<p>Neuwied, M.W. (1823) Beitrag zur Flora Brasiliens. <em>Nova Acta Physico-Medica</em> <em>Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum</em> 1: 41–43.</p>
<p>Noba, K., Bassene, C., Ngom, A., Gueye, M., Camara, A.A., Kane, M., Ndoye, F., Dieng, B., Rmballo, R., Ba, N., Bodian, M.Y., Sane, S., Diop, D., Gueye, M., Konta, I.S., Kane, A., Mbaye, M.S. & Ba., A.T. (2017) Invasive Plants of West Africa: Concepts, Overviews and Sustainable Management. <em>Advances in Recycling & Waste Management</em> 2: 121. https://doi.org/10.4172/2475-7675.1000121</p>
<p>Olmstead, R.G., Bohs, L., Migid, H.A., Santiago-Valentin, E., Garcia, V.F. & Collier, S.M. (2008) A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae. <em>Taxon </em>57<strong>:</strong> 1159–1181. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.574010</p>
<p>Paucar, J.O.A., Isaias, R.M.S. & Stehmann, J.R. (2019) Unravelling the structure and function of the petal appendages in the tribe Schwenckieae (Solanaceae). <em>Plant Biology</em> 22: 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13061</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickison, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) <em>Vascular Plant Systematics</em>. Harper and Row, New York, 891 pp.</p>
<p>Raunkiaer, C. (1934) <em>The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography</em>. Claredon, Oxford, 632 pp.</p>
<p>Reboita, M.S., Rodrigues, M., Silva, L.F. & Alves, M.A. (2015) Aspectos climáticos do estado de Minas Gerais. <em>Revista Brasileira de Climatologia</em> 17: 206–226. https://doi.org/10.5380/abclima.v17i0.41493</p>
<p>Ruiz, H. & Pavón, J. (1798) <em>Systema vegetabilium florae peruvianae et chilensis, characteres prodromi genericos differentiales, specium omnium differentias, durantionem, loca natalia, tempus florendi, nomina vernacula, vires et usus nonullis illustrationibus interspersis complectens.</em> I–VI. Gabriel de Sancha, Madrid, 456 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.887</p>
<p>Särkinen, T., Bohs, L, Olmstead, R.G. & Knapp, S. (2013) A phylogenetic framework for evolutionary study of the nightshades (Solanaceae): a dated 1000–tip tree. <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em> 13: 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-214</p>
<p>Solederer, H. (1891) Uberde versetzung der gattung Melananthus Walp von den Phymaceen zu den Solanaceenn. <em>Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft </em>9: 65–84.</p>
<p>Solereder, H. (1898) Zwei bëitrag zur systematik der Solanaceen. <em>Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft</em> 16: 242–260.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) [continuously updated] <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/scie</p>