Abstract
Leucogaster solidus sp. nov. from southern China is described and illustrated. This species is characterized by the brown to reddish brown and verrucose basidiome, non-gelatinous gleba, thin peridium and trama, and large, globose to subglobose basidiospores with alveolate ornamentation. Phylogenetic analysis supports its taxonomic position in the genus Leucogaster.
References
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Fogel, R.D. (1979) The genus Leucophleps (Basidiomycotina, Leucogastrales). Canadian Journal of Botany 57 (16): 1718–1728. http://doi.org/10.1139/b79-211
Fogel, R.D. (1990) Leucogaster columellatus is a Sclerogaster. Mycologia 82 (5): 655–657. https://doi.org/10.2307/3760058
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes–application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2 (2): 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
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Jiang H.Q. (1980) Distributional features and zonal regularity of vegetation in Yunnan. Acta Botanica Yunnanica. 2(1): 22–32.
Liu, B. (1998) Flora fungorum sinicorum vol. 7: Hymenogastrales Melanogastrales et Gautieriales. Science press, Beijing, China, pp. 59–60.
MAFFT (2021) v.7.110 online program. Available from: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/mafft/ (accessed 16 June 2021)
Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest 2.2. Computer software distributed by the University of Uppsala. Sweden: Evolutionary Biology Centre.
Page, R.D.M. (2001) TreeView. Glasgow University, Glasgow.
Rambaut, A. (2000) Estimating the rate of molecular evolution: incorporating non-contemporaneous sequences into maximum likelihood phylogenies. Bioinformatics 16 (4): 395–399. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/16.4.395
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) Mrbayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics. 19(12): 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Scott, S.A. (2007) The phylogenetic placement of the Leucogastrales, including Mycolevis siccigleba (Cribbeaceae), in the Albatrellaceae using morphological and molecular data. Mycological research 111 (6): 653–662. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.020
Smith, A.H. (1949) Mushrooms in their natural habitats. Sawyer’s, Portland, Ore. Hafner Press, 626 pp.
Smith, M.E., Schell, K.J., Castellano, M.A., Trappe, M.J. & Trappe, J.M. (2013) The enigmatic truffle Fevansia aurantiaca is an ectomycorrhizal member of the Albatrellus lineage. Mycorrhiza 23: 663–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0502-2
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Stamatakis, A., Ludwig, T. & Meier, H. (2005) RAxML-III: a fast program for maximum likelihood-based inference of large phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 21 (4): 456–463. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti191
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (and Other Methods). Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00191.x
Trappe, J.M. (1962) Fungus associates of ectotrophic mycorrhizae. The Botanical Review 28: 538–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02868758
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M., Gelfand, D., Sninsky, J. & White, T. (Eds.) PCr Protocols: A guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Zeller, S.M. (1941) Further notes on fungi. Mycologia 33: 196–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1941.12020810
Zeller, S.M. & Dodge, C.W. (1924) Leucogaster and Leucophlebs in North America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 11: 389–410. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394084
Castresana, J. (2000) Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution 17 (4): 540–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334
Dring, D.M. (1971) Techniques for microscopic preparation. In: Booth, C. (Ed.) Methods in microbiology. Vol. 4. New York: Academic Press. 95–111pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0580-9517(09)70008-X
Fogel, R.D. (1973) Insect mycophagy: a preliminary bibliography. US/IBP, Coniferous Forest Biome Int. Rep. 63.
Fogel, R.D. (1974) Insect mycophagy: a preliminary bibliography. IL US/IBP, Coniferous Forest Biome Int, Rep. 63a.
Fogel, R.D. (1975) The genus Leucogaster (Basidiomycetes, Leucogastraceae). Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
Fogel, R.D. (1979) The genus Leucophleps (Basidiomycotina, Leucogastrales). Canadian Journal of Botany 57 (16): 1718–1728. http://doi.org/10.1139/b79-211
Fogel, R.D. (1990) Leucogaster columellatus is a Sclerogaster. Mycologia 82 (5): 655–657. https://doi.org/10.2307/3760058
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes–application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2 (2): 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Harkness, H.W. (1899) Californian hypogeous fungi. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences Ser. 3 (1): 241–292.
He, M.Q., Zhao, R.L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D., Kemler, M., Yurkov, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raspé, O., Kakishima, M., Sánchez-Ramírez, S., Vellinga, E.C., Halling, R., Papp, V., Zmitrovich, I.V., Buyck, B., Ertz, D., Wijayawardene, N.N., Cui, B.K., Schoutteten, N., Liu, X.Z., Li, T.H., Yao, Y.J., Zhu, X.Y., Liu, A.Q., Li, G.J., Zhang, M.Z., Ling, Z.L., Cao, B., Antonín, V., Boekhout, T., Silva, B.D.B., Crop, D.E., Decock, C., Dima, B., Dutta, A.K., Fell, J.W., Geml, J., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., Gibertoni, T.B., Gorjón, S.P., Haelewaters, D., He, S.H., Hodkinson, B.P., Horak, E., Hoshino, T., Justo, A., Lim, T.W., Menolli Jr., N., Mešić, A., Moncalvo, J.M., Mueller, G.M., Nagy, L.G., Nilsson, R.H., Noordeloos, M., Nuytinck, J., Orihara, T., Ratchadawan, C., Rajchenberg, M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Sulzbacher, M.A., Tkalčec, Z., Valenzuela, R., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Wartchow, F., Wei, T.Z., Weiß, M., Zhao, C.L. & Kirk, P.M. (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. Fungal Diversity 99: 105–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4
He R. & Jiang H. (2006) Study of soil characteristics of Yeyahu Resort in Kunming City. Journal of West China Forestry Sciernce. 35(3): 57–61.
Hesse, R. (1882) Leucogaster eine neue Hymenogastreengattung. Jahrbücher für Wissenschaftliche Botanik 13 (2): 189–194. [Berlin]
Hillis, D.M. & Bull, J.J. (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology 42 (2): 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/42.2.182
Index Fungorum (2020) Index Fungorum. Available from: http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp (accessed 16 January 2021)
Jiang H.Q. (1980) Distributional features and zonal regularity of vegetation in Yunnan. Acta Botanica Yunnanica. 2(1): 22–32.
Liu, B. (1998) Flora fungorum sinicorum vol. 7: Hymenogastrales Melanogastrales et Gautieriales. Science press, Beijing, China, pp. 59–60.
MAFFT (2021) v.7.110 online program. Available from: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/mafft/ (accessed 16 June 2021)
Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest 2.2. Computer software distributed by the University of Uppsala. Sweden: Evolutionary Biology Centre.
Page, R.D.M. (2001) TreeView. Glasgow University, Glasgow.
Rambaut, A. (2000) Estimating the rate of molecular evolution: incorporating non-contemporaneous sequences into maximum likelihood phylogenies. Bioinformatics 16 (4): 395–399. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/16.4.395
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) Mrbayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics. 19(12): 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Scott, S.A. (2007) The phylogenetic placement of the Leucogastrales, including Mycolevis siccigleba (Cribbeaceae), in the Albatrellaceae using morphological and molecular data. Mycological research 111 (6): 653–662. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.020
Smith, A.H. (1949) Mushrooms in their natural habitats. Sawyer’s, Portland, Ore. Hafner Press, 626 pp.
Smith, M.E., Schell, K.J., Castellano, M.A., Trappe, M.J. & Trappe, J.M. (2013) The enigmatic truffle Fevansia aurantiaca is an ectomycorrhizal member of the Albatrellus lineage. Mycorrhiza 23: 663–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0502-2
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Stamatakis, A., Ludwig, T. & Meier, H. (2005) RAxML-III: a fast program for maximum likelihood-based inference of large phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 21 (4): 456–463. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti191
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (and Other Methods). Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00191.x
Trappe, J.M. (1962) Fungus associates of ectotrophic mycorrhizae. The Botanical Review 28: 538–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02868758
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M., Gelfand, D., Sninsky, J. & White, T. (Eds.) PCr Protocols: A guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Zeller, S.M. (1941) Further notes on fungi. Mycologia 33: 196–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1941.12020810
Zeller, S.M. & Dodge, C.W. (1924) Leucogaster and Leucophlebs in North America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 11: 389–410. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394084