Abstract
Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii a new species of bamboo, locally known as Mes and traditionally utilized in the northern Western Ghats of India, is described and illustrated. The new species can be distinguished from its allied species, P. stocksii by longer and shining culms, young culms covered with white powdery scuff, undulating culm blades, fresh culm sheaths with waxy coating, black to brownish black hairs on culm sheaths, hollow culms with wall thickness of 0.9–1.9 cm at breast height and filaments united more than half of the length. A detailed description, photoplates, distribution map are provided for the new species in addition to the key for Indian Pseudoxytenanthera.