Abstract
A new species, Melnikomyces longisporum sp. nov. was isolated from forest litter in Guizhou Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined nuclear ribosomal markers (SSU, ITS, and LSU) and protein coding genes (ACT1, TUB2, and TEF1-α) sequence data indicated that this strain belonged to the genus Melnikomyces but it constituted a distinct lineage and represented herein as a novel taxon. Morphological examination showed that it can be distinguished from known Melnikomyces species by its longer branched conidiophores, and longer verruculose conidia.
References
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0252-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0252-7</a>
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083">https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083</a>
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029">https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</a>
Samerpitak, K., Gerrits van den Ende, B.H., Stielow, J.B., Menken, S.B. & de Hoog, G.S. (2016) Barcoding and species recognition of opportunistic pathogens in Ochroconis and Verruconis. Fungal Biology 120: 219–230.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.010">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.010</a>
Samerpitak, K., Van der Linde, E., Choi, H.J., Gerrits van den Ende, A.H.G., Machouart, M., Gueidan, C. & de Hoog, G.S. (2014) Taxonomy of Ochroconis, genus including opportunistic pathogens on humans and animals. Fungal Diversity 65: 89–126.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0253-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0253-6</a>
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990">https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990</a>
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8</a>
White, T.J., Burns, T. & Lee, S. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, USA, pp. 315–322.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1">https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</a>
Zhang, Y., Crous, P.W., Schoch, C.L., Bahkali, A.H., Guo, L.D. & Hyde, K.D. (2011) A molecular, morphological and ecological re-appraisal of Venturiales–a new order of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 51: 249–277.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0141-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0141-x</a>
<a href="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X682395">https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X682395</a>
Choi, Y.W., Hyde, K.D. & Ho, W.H. (1999) Single spore isolation of fungi. Fungal Diversity 3: 29–38.
Chomnunti, P., Hongsanan, S., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Tian, Q., Persoh, D., Dhami, M.K., Alias, A.S., Xu, J., Liu, X., Stadler, M. & Hyde, K.D. (2014) The sooty moulds. Fungal Diversity 66: 1–36.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0278-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0278-5</a>
Crous, P.W., Mohammed, C., Glen, M., Verkley, G.J.M. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2007) Eucalyptus microfungi known from culture. 3. Eucasphaeria and Sympoventuria genera nova, and new species of Furcaspora, Harknessia, Heteroconium and Phacidiella. Fungal Diversity 25: 19–36.
Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer set speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91: 553–556.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051">https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051</a>
Gargas, A. & Taylor, J.W. (1992) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for amplifying and sequencing nuclear 18S rDNA from lichenized fungi. Mycologia 84: 589–592.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1992.12026182">https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1992.12026182</a>
Glass, N.L. & Donaldson, G.C. (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1323–1330.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.61.4.1323-1330.1995">https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.61.4.1323-1330.1995</a>
Hernández-Restrepo, M., Giraldo, A., van Doorn, R., Wingfield, M.J., Groenewald, J.Z., Barreto, R.W., Colmán, A.A., Mansur, P.S.C. & Crous, P.W. (2020) The Genera of Fungi–G6: Arthrographis, Kramasamuha, Melnikomyces, Thysanorea, and Verruconis. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 6: 1–24.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2020.06.01">https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2020.06.01</a>
Huanraluek, N., Phukhamsakda, C., Senwanna, C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Bhat, D.J. & Hyde, K.D. (2019) Verruconis heveae, a novel species from Hevea brasiliensis in Thailand. Phytotaxa 403 (1): 47–54.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.403.1.4">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.403.1.4</a>
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35: 1547–1549.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096">https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096</a>
Larsson, A. (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large data sets. Bioinformatics 30: 3276–3278.<br /> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531">https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531</a>
Machouart, M., Samerpitak, K., de Hoog, G.S. & Gueidan, C. (2014) A multigene phylogeny reveals that Ochroconis belongs to the family Sympoventuriaceae (Venturiales, Dothideomycetes). Fungal Diversity 65: 77–88.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0252-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0252-7</a>
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE): 1–8.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129">https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</a>
Posada, D. (2008) jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25: 1253–1256.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083">https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083</a>
Rozewicki, J., Li, S., Amada, K.M., Standley, D.M. & Katoh, K. (2019) MAFFT-DASH: integrated protein sequence and structural alignment. Nucleic Acids Research 47: 5–10.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz342">https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz342</a>
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029">https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</a>
Samerpitak, K., Gerrits van den Ende, B.H., Stielow, J.B., Menken, S.B. & de Hoog, G.S. (2016) Barcoding and species recognition of opportunistic pathogens in Ochroconis and Verruconis. Fungal Biology 120: 219–230.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.010">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.010</a>
Samerpitak, K., Van der Linde, E., Choi, H.J., Gerrits van den Ende, A.H.G., Machouart, M., Gueidan, C. & de Hoog, G.S. (2014) Taxonomy of Ochroconis, genus including opportunistic pathogens on humans and animals. Fungal Diversity 65: 89–126.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0253-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0253-6</a>
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033">https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</a>
Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts.
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990">https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990</a>
Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Lumbsch, H.T., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Ekanayaka, A.H., Tian, Q. & Phookamsak, R. (2018) Outline of Ascomycota: 2017. Fungal Diversity 88: 167–263.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8</a>
White, T.J., Burns, T. & Lee, S. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, USA, pp. 315–322.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1">https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</a>
Zhang, Y., Crous, P.W., Schoch, C.L., Bahkali, A.H., Guo, L.D. & Hyde, K.D. (2011) A molecular, morphological and ecological re-appraisal of Venturiales–a new order of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 51: 249–277.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0141-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0141-x</a>