Abstract
The Brazilian savanna (Cerrado domain), although without significant richness of Chrysobalanaceae, has widely distributed species of this family, and some endemic to this domain. Couepia, a Neotropical genus, includes 62 species distributed mainly in lowland tropical forests with three species recognized for the Brazilian savanna. Here we report a new species of Couepia endemic to Brazilian savanna in the region with the greatest agricultural advance in Brazil, from the states of Tocantins and Goiás. We provide a description, a distribution map, photographs, a preliminary conservation status assessment and comparisons with other species of the genus that occur in this domain. With this addition we help to contribute to the knowledge of plant biodiversity, which is an urgent and fundamental step towards planning and carrying out conservation actions.
References
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-17-00048.1">https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-17-00048.1</a>
Antar, G.M., Santos, M.F. & Sano, P.T. (2018) Rediscovery and taxonomic reassessment of four angiosperms in the savannas of Jalapão, Central Brazil. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 75: 55–71.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428617000348">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428617000348</a>
Antar, G.M. & Sano, P.T. (2019) Angiosperms of dry grasslands and savannas of Jalapão, the largest conserved Cerrado area in Brazil. Rodriguésia 70, e04002017.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201970070">https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201970070</a>
Araújo, D., Antar, G.M. & Lombardi, J.A. (2016) Dioscorea compacta (Dioscoreaceae), a new endangered dwarf species from the Jalapão region, Tocantins, Brazil. Kew Bulletin 71, 27.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-016-9635-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-016-9635-8</a>
Aublet, J.B.C.F. (1775) Histoire des plantes de la Guiane françoise. Didot, London & Paris, 976 pp.
Barnosky, A.D., Matzke, N., Tomiya, S., Wogan, G.O.U., Swartz, B., Quental, T.B., Marshall, C., McGuire, J.L., Lindsey, E.L., Maguire, K.C., Mersey, B. & Ferrer, E.A. (2011) Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived? Nature 471: 51–57.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09678">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09678</a>
Bentham, G. (1840) Contributions towards a flora of South America XII. Enumeration of plants collected by Mr. Schomburgk in British Guiana. The Jornal of Botany 2: 210–222.
Beuchle, R., Grecchi, R.C., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Seliger, R., Eva, H.D., Sano, E. & Achard, F. (2015) Land cover changes in the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga biomes from 1990 to 2010 based on a systematic remote sensing sampling approach. Applied Geography 58: 116–127.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.01.017">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.01.017</a>
BFG (2015) Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1085–1113.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411">https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411</a>
Borges, L.M. & Antar, G.M. (2016) Four they are! Broadening the description of Mimosa flabellifolia (Leguminosae Mimosoideae), a rare species from the Brazilian Cerrado. Phytotaxa 243 (2): 155–162.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.2.5">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.2.5</a>
Brooks, T.M., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B., Rylands, A.B., Konstant, W.R., Flick, P., Pilgrim, J., Oldfield, S., Magin, G. & Hilton-Taylor, C. (2002) Habitat Loss and Extinction in the Hotspots of Biodiversity. Conservation Biology 16: 909–923.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00530.x">https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00530.x</a>
Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P.R., Barnosky, A.D., García, A., Pringle, R.M. & Palmer, T.M. (2015) Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction. Science Advances 1, e1400253.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400253">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400253</a>
Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P.R. & Dirzo, R. (2017) Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114: E6089–E6096.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704949114">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704949114</a>
Chacon, R.G., Yamamoto, K. & Cavalcanti, T.B. (2011) Ouratea lancifolia R. G. Chacon & K. Yamam. (Ochnaceae), uma nova espécie do Cerrado, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 34: 603–605.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042011000400013">https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042011000400013</a>
Daly, D.C. (2014) Bursera pereirae, a new species and generic record for the Cerrado complex of Brazil. Studies in neotropical Burseraceae XVIII. Brittonia 66: 186–190.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-014-9333-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-014-9333-5</a>
Devecchi, M.F. & Pirani, J.R. (2015) A new species of Simaba sect. Grandiflorae (Simaroubaceae) from Jalapão region, Tocantins, Brazil. Phytotaxa 227 (2): 167–174.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.2.6">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.2.6</a>
Fernandes-Júnior, A.J. & Esteves, G.L. (2016) Three new species of Peltaea (Malvaceae, Malvoideae) from the cerrado of Brazil. Phytotaxa 255 (1): 75–82.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.255.1.7">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.255.1.7</a>
Flora do Brasil (2020) under construction Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. [http://floradobrasil. jbrj.gov.br/]
Fritsch, K. (1889) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Chrysobalanaceen. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Königlichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums: 33–60.
Gottsberger, G. & Silberbauer-Gottsberger, I. (2006) Vol. 1: Origin, Structure, Dynamics and Plant Use Life in the cerrado: a South American Tropical Seasonal Ecosystem. Reta Verlag.
Hooker, J.D. (1867) 14 Rosaceae. 2nd ed., 76 pp.
INCT (2018) Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos. Available from: <a href="http://inct.splink.org.br/">http://inct.splink.org.br/</a> (accessed 12 September 2020)
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00702.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00702.x</a>
Lees, A.C. & Pimm, S.L. (2015) Species, extinct before we know them? Current Biology 25: R177–R180.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.017">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.017</a>
L’Héritier de Brutelle, C.L. (1789) Sertum Anglicum: seu Plantae Rariores quae in Hortis juxta Londinum, Imprimis in Horto Regio Kewensi Excoluntur, ab Anno 1786 ad Annuum 1787 Observatae. Paris.
Mace, G.M. (2004) The role of taxonomy in species conservation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359: 711–719.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1454">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1454</a>
Moreira, A.L.D.C., Antar, G.M., Simão-Bianchini, R. & Cavalcanti, T.B. (2017) Contribution to the knowledge of Bonamia (Convolvulaceae) in Brazil: a new species and a new occurrence. Phytotaxa 306 (2): 146–152.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.2.4">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.2.4</a>
Mittermeier, R.A., Turner, W.R., Larsen, F.W., Brooks, T.M. & Gascon, C. (2011) Global biodiversity conservation: the critical role of hotspots. In: Zachos, E. & Habel, J.C. (Eds.) Biodiversity hotspots. Springer Publishers, London, pp. 3–22.
Pimm, S.L., Jenkins, C.N., Abell, R., Brooks, T.M., Gittleman, J.L., Joppa, L.N., Raven, P.H., Roberts, C.M. & Sexton, J.O. (2014) The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection. Science 344: 1246752–1246752.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246752">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246752</a>
Prance, G.T. & Sothers, A.S. (2003) Chrysobalanaceae 2: Acioa to Magnistipula. Species Plantarum. Flora of the World 10: 1–268.
Prance, G.T. (1972) Chrysobalanaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 9. Hafner Publishing Company, New York.
Prance, G.T. (1989) Chrysobalanaceae. In: Hammond, H.D. & Lebrón-Luteyn, M.L. (Eds.) Chrysobalanaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 9S. The New York Botanical Garden, New York, pp. 1–267.
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REFLORA 2020 (2020) Reflora-Virtual Herbarium. Available from: <a href="http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/</a> (accessed 16 September 2020)
Radford, A.E. & Smith, B.W. (1974) Vascular plant systematics. Harper & Row, New York, 891 pp.
Ratter, J., Ribeiro, J.F. & Bridgewater, S. (1997) The Brazilian Cerrado Vegetation and Threats to its Biodiversity. Annals of Botany 80: 223–230.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1997.0469">https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1997.0469</a>
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