Abstract
The new name Iris zhaoana is proposed to replace I. potaninii var. ionantha, which is applied to a dwarf bearded iris described from western China, usually included in I. sect. Psammiris. It is a plant occurring at high elevation and showing roots thick and grey; leaves glaucous-green, blunt to subacute and shortly mucronate at apex; flower solitary, dichromic, bluish-violet, with standards and falls similar in shape and size; falls more richly blotched with deep-violet and with whitish areas; beard of white and blue-white hairs, tipped yellow; fruits globose-ovoid to ellipsoid, shortly acuminate at apex; and seed with a comparatively prominent, large, yellow aril. These features closely relate I. zhaoana to members of I. sect. Pseudoregelia, namely to I. tigridia, with which it has sometimes been confused. Morphological and molecular data are discussed here that support recognition of the Central Asian plant at species rank and its inclusion in I. sect. Pseudoregelia ser. Tigridiae.
References
Alexeeva, N.B. (2006a) Generis Iris L. (Iridaceae) species nova e Republica Altai. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshihrastenii 38: 116–119. [in Russian]
Alexeeva, N.B. (2006b) A new section of the genus Iris (Iridaceae) and nomenclatural combinations at the sectional rank. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 91 (7): 1095–1097. [in Russian]
Alexeeva, N.B. (2018) A taxonomic revision of Iris section Psammiris (Iridaceae) in Russia. Phytotaxa 340 (3): 201–216.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.1">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.1</a>
Bertoloni, A. (1838) Flora italica, vol. 3(5). Richardi Masii, Bologna, 125 pp.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6611">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6611</a>
Boissier, E. (1859) Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum, ser. 2, 3(4). B. Herrmann, Leipzig, 146 pp.
Bunge A.A. (1829) Iris L. In: Ledebour, C.F. (Ed.) Flora altaica, vol. 1. G. Geimeri, Berolini, pp. 55–61.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6618">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6618</a>
Crespo, M.B., Martínez-Azorín, M. & Mavrodiev, E.V. (2015) Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the ‘Iris sensu latissimo’ clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data. Phytotaxa 232 (1): 1–78.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.232.1.1">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.232.1.1</a>
Cui, N.R., Liu, G.J., Li, X.Y. & Yan, P. (1996) Iridaceae. In: Cui, N.R. (Ed.) Flora Xinjiangensis, vol. 6. Xinjiang Science & Technology & Hygiene Publishing House, Urumqi, pp. 567–579.
Don, D. (1839) Iridaceae. In: Royle, J.F. (Ed.) Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan Mountains, and of the flora of Cashmere, vol. 1(10). H. Hallen & Co., London, pp. 371–372.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.449">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.449</a>
Doronkin, V.M. (1983) Iris tigridia Bunge (Iridaceae) in flora of Tuva. Izvestiya Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk 15 (3): 72–73. [in Russian]
Doronkin, V.M. (1990) Review of Siberian species of the genus Iris (Iridaceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 75 (3): 409–416. [in Russian]
Dykes, W.R. (1912) The genus Iris. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 245 pp, 48 pls.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.116246">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.116246</a>
Fedtschenko, B.A. (1935) Iris L. In: Komarov, V.L. (Ed.) Flora SSSR [Flora of the USSR], vol. 4. Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, Leningrad, pp. 511–557. [in Russian]
Georgi, I.G. (1775) Bemerkungen einer Reise in Russischen Reich im Jahre 1772, vol. 1. Academie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 506 pp.
Hemsley, W.B. (1895) On two small collections of dried plants from Tibet. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 30: 101–140.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1894.tb02391.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1894.tb02391.x</a>
Heuffel, J. (1858) Diagnosen neuer, oder verwechselter Pflanzen-Arten aus dem Banate. Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 8: 25–29.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02161404">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02161404</a>
Lamarck, J.B.A.P.M. (1789) Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique, vol. 3(1). Chez Panckoucke, Paris, 360 pp.
https ://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.824
Lawrence, G.H.M. (1953) A reclassification of the genus Iris. Gentes Herbarium 8 (4): 346–371.
Ledebour, C.F. (1830) Icones plantarum floram Rossicam. Centuria II. Deubner, Rigae, 28 pp. + index, 100 pl.
Liu, S.W. (1996) Iridaceae. In: Liu, S.W. (Ed.) Flora Qinghaiica, vol. 4. Qinghai People’s Publishing House, Xining, pp. 285–294.
Linnaeus, C. von (1753) Species plantarum, 2 vols. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1200 pp.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</a>
Ma, M., Yan, P. & Li, X.Y. (1995) Research on Iridaceae in Xinjiang. Journal of Shihezi Agricultural College 4: 9–16. [in Chinese]
Mavrodiev, E.V., Martínez-Azorín, M., Dranishnikov, P. & Crespo, M.B. (2014) At least 23 genera instead of one: The case of Iris L. s.l. (Iridaceae). PloS One 9 (8): e106459.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106459">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106459</a>
Maximowicz, C.J. (1880) Diagnoses de plantes nouvelle de l’Asie, 3. Bulletin de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Peìtersburg 26 (3): 504–542.
Rodionenko, G.I. (1961) Rod Iris L. (Voprosi morfologii, biologii, evolutsii i sistematiki). Izdatel’stvo Academii nauk SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 216 pp. [in Russian]
Rodionenko, G.I. (2009) A new system of the genus Iris (Iridaceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 94: 423–435. [in Russian]
Small, J.K. & Alexander, E.J. (1931) Botanical interpretation of the iridaceous plants of the Gulf States. Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden 327: 325–357.
Spach, E. (1846) Histoire naturelle des végétaux. Phanérogames, vol. 13. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 444 pp.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44839">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44839</a>
Taylor, J.J. (1976) A reclassification of Iris species bearing arillate seeds. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 89: 411–420.
Thiers, B. (2020) Index herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: <a href="http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/">http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/</a> (continuously updated, accessed 2 January 2020)
Tillie, N., Chase, M.W. & Hall, T. (2001) Molecular studies in the genus Iris L.: a preliminary study. Annali di Botanica (Roma) n.s. 58: 105–112.
Tineo, V. (1827) Catalogus plantarum Horti Regii Panormitani ad Annum 1827. Regali Typographia, Panormi [Palermo], 284 pp.
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159]. Koeltz Scientific Books, Glashütten, 254 pp.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018">https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</a>
Waddick, J.W. & Zhao, Y.T. (1992) Iris of China. Timber Press, Portland, 192 pp.
Wilson, C.A. (2006) Patterns of evolution in characters that define Iris subgenera and sections. Aliso 22: 425–433.
Wilson, C.A. (2011) Subgeneric classification in Iris re-examined using chloroplast sequence data. Taxon 60: 27–35.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.601004">https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.601004</a>
Wilson, C.A. (2017) Sectional relationships in the Eurasian bearded Iris (subgen. Iris) based on phylogenetic analyses of sequence data. Systematic Botany 42: 392–401.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X695970">https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X695970</a>
Zhao, Y.T. (1980) Some notes on the genus Iris of China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 18: 53–62.
Zhao, Y.T. (1983) Iridaceace. In: Wu, Z.Y. (Ed.) Flora Xizangensis, vol. 5. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 607–623.
Zhao, Y.T., Noltie, H.J. & Mathew, B. (2000) Iridaceae. In: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Flora of China, vol. 24. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 297–313.
Alexeeva, N.B. (2006b) A new section of the genus Iris (Iridaceae) and nomenclatural combinations at the sectional rank. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 91 (7): 1095–1097. [in Russian]
Alexeeva, N.B. (2018) A taxonomic revision of Iris section Psammiris (Iridaceae) in Russia. Phytotaxa 340 (3): 201–216.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.1">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.1</a>
Bertoloni, A. (1838) Flora italica, vol. 3(5). Richardi Masii, Bologna, 125 pp.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6611">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6611</a>
Boissier, E. (1859) Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum, ser. 2, 3(4). B. Herrmann, Leipzig, 146 pp.
Bunge A.A. (1829) Iris L. In: Ledebour, C.F. (Ed.) Flora altaica, vol. 1. G. Geimeri, Berolini, pp. 55–61.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6618">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6618</a>
Crespo, M.B., Martínez-Azorín, M. & Mavrodiev, E.V. (2015) Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the ‘Iris sensu latissimo’ clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data. Phytotaxa 232 (1): 1–78.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.232.1.1">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.232.1.1</a>
Cui, N.R., Liu, G.J., Li, X.Y. & Yan, P. (1996) Iridaceae. In: Cui, N.R. (Ed.) Flora Xinjiangensis, vol. 6. Xinjiang Science & Technology & Hygiene Publishing House, Urumqi, pp. 567–579.
Don, D. (1839) Iridaceae. In: Royle, J.F. (Ed.) Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan Mountains, and of the flora of Cashmere, vol. 1(10). H. Hallen & Co., London, pp. 371–372.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.449">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.449</a>
Doronkin, V.M. (1983) Iris tigridia Bunge (Iridaceae) in flora of Tuva. Izvestiya Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk 15 (3): 72–73. [in Russian]
Doronkin, V.M. (1990) Review of Siberian species of the genus Iris (Iridaceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 75 (3): 409–416. [in Russian]
Dykes, W.R. (1912) The genus Iris. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 245 pp, 48 pls.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.116246">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.116246</a>
Fedtschenko, B.A. (1935) Iris L. In: Komarov, V.L. (Ed.) Flora SSSR [Flora of the USSR], vol. 4. Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, Leningrad, pp. 511–557. [in Russian]
Georgi, I.G. (1775) Bemerkungen einer Reise in Russischen Reich im Jahre 1772, vol. 1. Academie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 506 pp.
Hemsley, W.B. (1895) On two small collections of dried plants from Tibet. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 30: 101–140.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1894.tb02391.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1894.tb02391.x</a>
Heuffel, J. (1858) Diagnosen neuer, oder verwechselter Pflanzen-Arten aus dem Banate. Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 8: 25–29.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02161404">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02161404</a>
Lamarck, J.B.A.P.M. (1789) Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique, vol. 3(1). Chez Panckoucke, Paris, 360 pp.
https ://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.824
Lawrence, G.H.M. (1953) A reclassification of the genus Iris. Gentes Herbarium 8 (4): 346–371.
Ledebour, C.F. (1830) Icones plantarum floram Rossicam. Centuria II. Deubner, Rigae, 28 pp. + index, 100 pl.
Liu, S.W. (1996) Iridaceae. In: Liu, S.W. (Ed.) Flora Qinghaiica, vol. 4. Qinghai People’s Publishing House, Xining, pp. 285–294.
Linnaeus, C. von (1753) Species plantarum, 2 vols. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1200 pp.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</a>
Ma, M., Yan, P. & Li, X.Y. (1995) Research on Iridaceae in Xinjiang. Journal of Shihezi Agricultural College 4: 9–16. [in Chinese]
Mavrodiev, E.V., Martínez-Azorín, M., Dranishnikov, P. & Crespo, M.B. (2014) At least 23 genera instead of one: The case of Iris L. s.l. (Iridaceae). PloS One 9 (8): e106459.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106459">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106459</a>
Maximowicz, C.J. (1880) Diagnoses de plantes nouvelle de l’Asie, 3. Bulletin de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Peìtersburg 26 (3): 504–542.
Rodionenko, G.I. (1961) Rod Iris L. (Voprosi morfologii, biologii, evolutsii i sistematiki). Izdatel’stvo Academii nauk SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 216 pp. [in Russian]
Rodionenko, G.I. (2009) A new system of the genus Iris (Iridaceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 94: 423–435. [in Russian]
Small, J.K. & Alexander, E.J. (1931) Botanical interpretation of the iridaceous plants of the Gulf States. Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden 327: 325–357.
Spach, E. (1846) Histoire naturelle des végétaux. Phanérogames, vol. 13. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 444 pp.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44839">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44839</a>
Taylor, J.J. (1976) A reclassification of Iris species bearing arillate seeds. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 89: 411–420.
Thiers, B. (2020) Index herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: <a href="http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/">http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/</a> (continuously updated, accessed 2 January 2020)
Tillie, N., Chase, M.W. & Hall, T. (2001) Molecular studies in the genus Iris L.: a preliminary study. Annali di Botanica (Roma) n.s. 58: 105–112.
Tineo, V. (1827) Catalogus plantarum Horti Regii Panormitani ad Annum 1827. Regali Typographia, Panormi [Palermo], 284 pp.
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159]. Koeltz Scientific Books, Glashütten, 254 pp.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018">https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</a>
Waddick, J.W. & Zhao, Y.T. (1992) Iris of China. Timber Press, Portland, 192 pp.
Wilson, C.A. (2006) Patterns of evolution in characters that define Iris subgenera and sections. Aliso 22: 425–433.
Wilson, C.A. (2011) Subgeneric classification in Iris re-examined using chloroplast sequence data. Taxon 60: 27–35.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.601004">https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.601004</a>
Wilson, C.A. (2017) Sectional relationships in the Eurasian bearded Iris (subgen. Iris) based on phylogenetic analyses of sequence data. Systematic Botany 42: 392–401.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X695970">https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X695970</a>
Zhao, Y.T. (1980) Some notes on the genus Iris of China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 18: 53–62.
Zhao, Y.T. (1983) Iridaceace. In: Wu, Z.Y. (Ed.) Flora Xizangensis, vol. 5. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 607–623.
Zhao, Y.T., Noltie, H.J. & Mathew, B. (2000) Iridaceae. In: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Flora of China, vol. 24. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 297–313.