Abstract
Aphyllorchis Blume (1825: 16) comprises approximately 30 species distributed from Sri Lanka, the western Himalayas, and China through Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan and the Philippines eastward to New Guinea and Australia (Hsieh et al. 2013, Tian et al. 2013). Aphyllorchis species are leafless and mycoheterotrophic, with erect, unbranched stems, racemose inflorescences, multiple resupinate flowers, petals similar to sepals but shorter and narrower and lips divided into hypochile and epichile (Tian et al. 2013). As in most other mycoheterotrophs (Suetsugu 2017, Suetsugu & Nishioka 2017, Suetsugu et al. 2017), the diversity of Aphyllorchis species could be underestimated since the short flowering season and inconspicuous habit make them easily overlooked in the wild (Hsieh et al. 2013).
References
Ames, O. (1908) Studies in the orchid flora of the Philippines. In: Ames, O. (Aut.) Orchidaceae, illustrations and studies of the family Orchidaceae 2. Ames Botanical Laboratory, North Easton, pp. 17–257.
Aravindhan, V., Mahendran, G., Rajendran, A. & Bai, N. (2013) Aphyllorchis montana Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae), a new distributional record for Peninsular India. Annals of Plant Sciences 2: 153–155.
Beaman, T.E., Wood, J.J., Beaman, R.S. & Beaman, J.H. (2001) Orchids of Sarawak. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, 584 pp.
Blume, C.L. (1825) Aphyllorchis In: Tabellen en platen voor de Javaansche orchideën, Ter Lands, Batavia, t. 16.
Downie, D.G. (1925) Contributions to the flora of Siam. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1925: 404–423.
https://doi.org/10.2307/4115102
Fukuyama, N. (1934) Studia orchidacearum Japonicarum III. Botanical Magazine Tokyo 48: 429–442.
https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.48.429
Hayata, B. (1911) Material for a flora of Formosa. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 30: 1–471.
Hooker, J.D. (1890) Orchidaceae. In: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) Flora of British India, vol. 6. Reeve, London, pp. 1–198.
Hsieh, S., Leou, C., Yu, S., Lee, C. & Yeh, C. (2013) Aphyllorchis rotundatipetala (Orchidaceae), a new species from Taiwan. Annales Botanici Fennici 50 (3): 179–182.
https://doi.org/10.5735/085.050.0309
Rao, A. & Kumar, V. (2015) Record of holomycotrophic Aphyllorchis montana HG Reichenbach (Orchidaceae) from Manipur, India. Pleione 9: 527–530.
Reichenbach, H.G. (1876) Orchideae Roezlianae novae seu criticae. Linnaea 41: 1–98.
Reichenbach, H.G. (1886) Odoardi Beccarii novitiae Orchidaceae Papuanae describuntur. Botanisches Centralblatt 28: 343–346.
Roy, M., Watthana, S., Stier, A., Richard, F., Vessabutr, S. & Selosse, M. (2009) Two mycoheterotrophic orchids from Thailand tropical dipterocarpacean forests associate with a broad diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. BMC biology 7: 51.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-7-51
Schlechter, R. (1906) Neue Orchidaceen der Flora des Monsun–Gebietes. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 4: 295–310
Seidenfaden, G. (1978) Orchid genera in Thailand VI. Neottioideae Lindl. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 32: 1–195.
Seidenfaden, G. & Wood, J.J. (1992) The orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, 779 pp.
Su, H.J. (2000) Aphyllorchis. In: Huang, T.C., Boufford, D.E., Hsieh, C.F., Kuoh, C.S., Ohashi, H. & Su, H.J. (Eds.) Flora of Taiwan, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed., 5. Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, pp. 749–751.
Suetsugu, K. (2017) Two new species of Gastrodia (Gastrodieae, epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Phytotaxa 302 (3): 251–258.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.3.4
Suetsugu, K. & Nishioka, T. (2017) Sciaphila sugimotoi (Triuridaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant from Ishigaki Island, Japan. Phytotaxa 314 (2): 279–284.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.2.10
Suetsugu, K., Tsukaya, H., Tagane, S., Suddee, S., Rueangruea, S. & Yahara, T. (2017) Thismia brunneomitroides (Thismiaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from southern Thailand. Phytotaxa 314 (1): 103–109.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.9
Tian, H., Li, X. & Hu, C. (2013) A new synonym and lectotypification of Aphyllorchis caudata (Orchidaceae). Kew Bulletin 68: 341–344.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-013-9451-3
Wood, J.J. (2003) Orchids of Borneo, vol. 4, revised classification and selection of species. Sabah Society and Kew Publishing, Sabah, 314 pp.
Aravindhan, V., Mahendran, G., Rajendran, A. & Bai, N. (2013) Aphyllorchis montana Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae), a new distributional record for Peninsular India. Annals of Plant Sciences 2: 153–155.
Beaman, T.E., Wood, J.J., Beaman, R.S. & Beaman, J.H. (2001) Orchids of Sarawak. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, 584 pp.
Blume, C.L. (1825) Aphyllorchis In: Tabellen en platen voor de Javaansche orchideën, Ter Lands, Batavia, t. 16.
Downie, D.G. (1925) Contributions to the flora of Siam. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1925: 404–423.
https://doi.org/10.2307/4115102
Fukuyama, N. (1934) Studia orchidacearum Japonicarum III. Botanical Magazine Tokyo 48: 429–442.
https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.48.429
Hayata, B. (1911) Material for a flora of Formosa. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 30: 1–471.
Hooker, J.D. (1890) Orchidaceae. In: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) Flora of British India, vol. 6. Reeve, London, pp. 1–198.
Hsieh, S., Leou, C., Yu, S., Lee, C. & Yeh, C. (2013) Aphyllorchis rotundatipetala (Orchidaceae), a new species from Taiwan. Annales Botanici Fennici 50 (3): 179–182.
https://doi.org/10.5735/085.050.0309
Rao, A. & Kumar, V. (2015) Record of holomycotrophic Aphyllorchis montana HG Reichenbach (Orchidaceae) from Manipur, India. Pleione 9: 527–530.
Reichenbach, H.G. (1876) Orchideae Roezlianae novae seu criticae. Linnaea 41: 1–98.
Reichenbach, H.G. (1886) Odoardi Beccarii novitiae Orchidaceae Papuanae describuntur. Botanisches Centralblatt 28: 343–346.
Roy, M., Watthana, S., Stier, A., Richard, F., Vessabutr, S. & Selosse, M. (2009) Two mycoheterotrophic orchids from Thailand tropical dipterocarpacean forests associate with a broad diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. BMC biology 7: 51.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-7-51
Schlechter, R. (1906) Neue Orchidaceen der Flora des Monsun–Gebietes. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 4: 295–310
Seidenfaden, G. (1978) Orchid genera in Thailand VI. Neottioideae Lindl. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 32: 1–195.
Seidenfaden, G. & Wood, J.J. (1992) The orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, 779 pp.
Su, H.J. (2000) Aphyllorchis. In: Huang, T.C., Boufford, D.E., Hsieh, C.F., Kuoh, C.S., Ohashi, H. & Su, H.J. (Eds.) Flora of Taiwan, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed., 5. Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, pp. 749–751.
Suetsugu, K. (2017) Two new species of Gastrodia (Gastrodieae, epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Phytotaxa 302 (3): 251–258.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.3.4
Suetsugu, K. & Nishioka, T. (2017) Sciaphila sugimotoi (Triuridaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant from Ishigaki Island, Japan. Phytotaxa 314 (2): 279–284.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.2.10
Suetsugu, K., Tsukaya, H., Tagane, S., Suddee, S., Rueangruea, S. & Yahara, T. (2017) Thismia brunneomitroides (Thismiaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from southern Thailand. Phytotaxa 314 (1): 103–109.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.9
Tian, H., Li, X. & Hu, C. (2013) A new synonym and lectotypification of Aphyllorchis caudata (Orchidaceae). Kew Bulletin 68: 341–344.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-013-9451-3
Wood, J.J. (2003) Orchids of Borneo, vol. 4, revised classification and selection of species. Sabah Society and Kew Publishing, Sabah, 314 pp.