Abstract
Based on an analysis of 58 herbarium collections from South America and Europe, including types, this work proposes a new name for Erythroxylum amplifolium (Mart.) O.E.Schulz and designates lectotypes for the new name and E. cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E.Schulz, E. pachyneurum O.E.Schulz, E. patentissimum O.E.Schulz, and/or their synonyms. The complete synonymy of the accepted names and comments about the distribution and taxonomy of the species are provided.