Abstract
The effort to revise all Neotropical Polygala names has revealed the oldest valid epithet for the species known as Acanthocladus albicans to be Polygala dichroma Steudel, which has been overlooked for more than 175 years. This name was published as a replacement for the illegitimate name Polygala bicolor [Arrab.] Vellozo non Kunth. A new combination Acanthocladus dichromus, is provided here as well as the typification of the all names involved.